Diagnostic Validity of Self-Perceived Dental Caries in Indonesian Young Adolescents Aged 12-15 Years

Objective: To compare self-perceived information and clinically diagnosed dental caries status among Indonesian children aged 12­15 years. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was used to obtain self-perceived information. Clinical examinations were conducted to determine the mean number of decayed, missing or filled teeth (DMFT) and the presence of severely decayed teeth with visible pulpal involvement, ulceration caused by dislocated tooth fragments, fistula, and abscess (PUFA). The study included 494 children aged 12­15 years recruited from six junior high schools in Jakarta, Indonesia. The clinical examination results and responses to the self-perceived assessment questionnaire were compared to determine the sensitivity and specificity. Results: The proportions of children with dental caries and clinical consequences of untreated dental caries in this study were 69.4% and 17.6%, respectively, with mean DMFT and PUFA index scores of 2.4 and 0.2, respectively. For the DMFT index, the self-perceived need for oral treatment had the highest sensitivity (86%), while the dental pain had the highest specificity (89%). For the PUFA index, the self perceived oral health condition had the highest sensitivity (92%), while the self-perceived dental pain had the highest specificity (82%). However, none of the self-perceived variables had both high sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion: Self-perceived information obtained from the questionnaire can not properly evaluate the clinical status of dental caries.

Anti-Biofilm and Hemolytic Effects of Cymbopogon citratus (Dc) Stapf Essential Oil

Abstract Objective: To perform chemical analysis and to evaluate the anti-biofilm and hemolytic effect of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus. Material and Methods: Gaseous chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer was performed for chemical characterization of the essential oil. To verify the antimicrobial action, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were determined. From MIC, MBC and MFC data, concentrations were established to verify the anti-biofilm effect and for the hemolysis test on human erythrocytes. A multispecies biofilm was developed in vitro and mouthwash applications were simulated to determine the inhibition of biofilm formation or its removal. Results were analyzed through ANOVA statistical test, complemented by the Tukey test, considering a significance level of 5% Results: The major component of the essential oil is citral. MIC verified for Streptococcus mutans was 1mg / mL, while for Candida albicans, it was 125 μg/mL, presenting microbicidal effect for both microorganisms tested. The essential oil was able to inhibit biofilm formation (p<0.001), presenting non-toxic hemolysis percentage in concentration below 500 μg/mL Conclusion: The essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus is antimicrobial, antibiofilm and non-toxic to human erythrocytes, representing a natural product with potential for use in Dentistry.

Antifungal activity of the essential oil of cymbopogon citratus (DC) stapf: an in vitro study

Aim. to evaluate the antifungal potential of the essential oil of cymbopogon citratus by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) for candida albicans (ATCC 90029), candida albicans (CBS 562), candida tropicalis (ATCC 705) and candida tropicalis strains (CBS 94), as well as to analyze the possible mechanism of action of the oil through the addition of sorbitol to the culture medium. methods. for the MIC determination, inocula were previously adjusted through spectrophotometry and 100µL were added to the wells of plates already containing the culture medium and 100µL of the serial dilutions of the oil, incubating them in aerobiosis for 24 hours, with subsequent staining by 1 percent TCT. for the MFC, 50µL of the supernatant from the MIC assay wells were dripped onto petri dishes and incubated in aerobiosis for 24 hours. tests were performed in triplicate and data analysed by descriptive statistics. results. It was determined that the MIC for C. albicans was 125 µg/mL while MIC for C. tropicalis was 250 µg/mL, with the essential oil presenting fungicidal effect for both analyzed yeasts. conclusion. the essential oil of cymbopogon citratus does not act at the cellular wall level and demonstrated an antimicrobial effect on candida albicans and candida tropicalis, therefore acting as a fungicide.

Antifungal activity and mode of action of thymol and its synergism with nystatin against Candida species involved with infections in the oral cavity: an in vitro study.

BACKGROUND: Limitations of antifungal agents used in the treatment of oral candidiasis, as the development of resistant strains, are known by the scientific community. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of thymol against Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Candida krusei strains and to determine its mode of action and synergistic effect when combined with the synthetic antifungal nystatin. METHODS: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using a microdilution technique, and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was determined via subculture sowing. The mode of action of thymol was established by verifying fungal growth in the presence of sorbitol or ergosterol. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FIC) was determined using the checkerboard method. RESULTS: Thymol presented an antifungal effect, with MICs of 39 µg/mL for C. albicans and C. krusei and 78 µg/mL for C. tropicalis. The results of the antifungal test remained unchanged in the presence of sorbitol; however, the MIC value of thymol against C. albicans increased eight times (from 39.0 to 312.5 µg/mL) in presence of exogenous ergosterol. The combination of thymol and nystatin reduced the MIC values of both products by 87.4%, generating an FIC index of 0.25. CONCLUSIONS: Thymol was found to have a fungicidal effect on Candida species and a synergistic effect when combined with nystatin.

Safety and Tolerability of Essential Oil from Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume Leaves with Action on Oral Candidosis and Its Effect on the Physical Properties of the Acrylic Resin.

The anti-Candida activity of essential oil from Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume, as well as its effect on the roughness and hardness of the acrylic resin used in dental prostheses, was assessed. The safety and tolerability of the test product were assessed through a phase I clinical trial involving users of removable dentures. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFC) were determined against twelve Candida strains. Acrylic resin specimens were exposed to artificial saliva (GI), C. zeylanicum (GII), and nystatin (GIII) for 15 days. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey posttest (α = 5%). For the phase I clinical trial, 15 healthy patients used solution of C. zeylanicum at MIC (15 days, 3 times a day) and were submitted to clinical and mycological examinations. C. zeylanicum showed anti-Candida activity, with MIC = 625.0 µg/mL being equivalent to MFC. Nystatin caused greater increase in roughness and decreased the hardness of the material (P < 0.0001), with no significant differences between GI and GII. As regards the clinical trial, no adverse clinical signs were observed after intervention. The substance tested had a satisfactory level of safety and tolerability, supporting new advances involving the clinical use of essential oil from C. zeylanicum.

A Randomized Clinical Trial of Schinus terebinthifolius Mouthwash to Treat Biofilm-Induced Gingivitis.

Objectives. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a Schinus terebinthifolius (ST) mouthwash in reducing gingival inflammation levels (GI) and biofilm accumulation (BA) in children with gingivitis. Methods. This was a randomized, controlled, triple blind, and phase II clinical trial, with children aged 9-13 years (n = 27) presenting with biofilm-induced gingivitis. The sample was randomized into experimental (0.3125% ST, n = 14) and control (0.12% chlorhexidine/CHX, n = 13) groups. Products were masked as regards color, flavor and aroma. Intervention protocol consisted in supervised rinsing of 10 mL/day for 01 minute for 10 days. Gingival bleeding and simplified oral hygiene indexes were used to assess the efficacy variables, measured at baseline and after intervention by calibrated examiners. Data were statistically treated with paired t-test, unpaired t-test, and Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests ( α = .05). Results. It was found that both ST and CHX were able to significantly reduce GI levels after 10 days (P < 0.001) and there was no significant difference between them (P > 0.05). CHX was the only product able to significantly reduce BA after 10 days when compared to baseline (P < 0.05). Conclusion. ST mouthwash showed significant anti-inflammatory activity (equivalent to CHX), but it was not able to reduce biofilm accumulation.

Ocorrência de injúrias orofaciais em praticantes de esportes de luta / Orofacial injuries in combat sports practitioners

Objetivo: Analisar a ocorrência de lesões orofaciais em praticantes de esportes de luta. Método: Realizou-se um estudo transversal, descritivo-analítico, com abordagem indutiva e técnica de pesquisa a observação direta extensiva. A amostra do tipo não probabilística foi composta por 85 praticantes de esportes de luta matriculados em academias de Campina Grande-PB. Os dados foram coletados mediante a aplicação de um questionário composto por perguntas abertas e fechadas, dicotômicas e de múltipla escolha. As variáveis analisadas foram: sexo, idade, número e tipo de esporte praticado, importância e uso do protetor bucal, tipo de protetor bucal (pré-fabricado, termoplástico ou confeccionado pelo cirurgião-dentista), ocorrência de lesão associada à prática esportiva, região acometida e injúria na cavidade bucal. Os dados foram apresentados por meio da estatística descritiva. Para a análise bivariada utilizou-se os testes Exato de Fisher e Qui-quadrado (p menor que 0,05%). Resultados: A maioria dos atletas eram homens (76,5%), sendo a média de idade de 27,4 anos (±8,7). Quanto ao número de esportes, observou-se que a maioria fazia um único esporte de luta (90,6%). No que concerne ao tipo de esporte, verificou-se um predomínio do boxe (46,2%), seguido do Jiu-Jitsu (25,8%). A quase totalidade dos indivíduos (95,3%) afirmou conhecer a importância dos protetores bucais, porém apenas 41,7% relataram utilizá-lo, durante a prática esportiva existindo diferença estatisticamente significante entre o uso e o sexo do atleta (P=0,023). O tipo de protetor bucal mais utilizado foi o termoplástico (51,4%). Com relação à ocorrência de lesões nas distintas regiões do corpo, 43,5% afirmaram ter sofrido injúrias, existindo associação entre o sexo e a presença de lesão (P=0,002). Lesões na cavidade bucal foram reportadas por 16,5% dos praticantes, sendo todos do sexo masculino, existindo, portanto, associação estatisticamente significante entre o sexo e a presença de lesões na cavidade bucal (P=0,016). Conclusão: Há um predomínio do sexo masculino entre os atletas de esportes de luta, porém nem todos fazem uso dos protetores bucais durante a prática esportiva, apesar da alta ocorrência de injúrias nas regiões da cabeça e face. As lesões na cavidade bucal apresentaram uma baixa frequência nesses desportistas.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of orofacial injuries among combat sports practitioners. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted in a sample of 85 combat sports practitioners from fitness gyms in the city of Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. The data were collected using a questionnaire applied to the participants and referred to gender, age, type and number of the practiced sports, importance and use of mouthguard, type of mouthguard, occurrence of injuries related to sports practice, affected region, and oral injury. The data were processed by Epi Info 3.5.1 software and presented by descriptive statistics. Fisher's exact and chi-square tests were employed for bivariate analysis (p less than 0.05). Results: Most athletes were men (76.5%) and the mean age was 27.4 ± 8.7 years. The prevailing sports practices were boxing (46.2%) and jiu-jitsu (25.8%). Only 41.7% of the interviewers used a mouthguard during sports practice and there was a statistically significant difference for its use between the genders (p=0.023). Thermoplastic mouthguard was the most frequently used type (51.4%). Occurrence of diverse injuries in different regions of the body was reported by 43.5% of the subjects, with a statistically significant association between gender and presence of injury (p=0.002). Oral injuries were reported by 16.5% of the practitioners, all of them male, with a statistically significant association between gender and presence of oral injuries (p=0.016). Conclusion: Mouthguard is not properly used by combat sports practitioners, in spite of the high rate of injuries in the head and face region. There was a low frequency of oral injuries among these athletes.

Estudo bibliométrico de pesquisas realizadas com fitoterápicos na odontologia / Bibliometric study of dental research on herbal medicines

OBJETIVO: Investigar a produção científica da pesquisa odontológica brasileira envolvendo fitoterápicos, através de um estudo bibliométrico. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo transversal, por meio da observação indireta dos resumos publicados na Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de Pesquisa Odontológica - SBPqO no período de 2006 a 2010. Os trabalhos foram caracterizados de acordo com o ano, estado de origem, espécie vegetal estudada, atividade farmacológica, área de conhecimento, desenho do estudo, recebimento de fomento e agência financiadora. A coleta foi realizada por dois examinadores, sendo o instrumento de registro dos dados um formulário específico. As informações foram analisadas com o Epi Info e apresentadas por meio da estatística descritiva. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados 292 trabalhos (1,8%), sendo que a maioria foi desenvolvida na região sudeste (59,6%), principalmente no estado de São Paulo (51,3%). A atividade farmacológica mais frequentemente avaliada foi a antimicrobiana (62,7%), seguida da atividade de reparação tecidual (14,4%). Pesquisas in vitro representaram 63,4% e nos estudos in vivo com animais, o modelo com ratos o mais utilizado (96,2%). CONCLUSÃO: Os estudos com plantas medicinais em Odontologia são reduzidos existindo necessidade de pesquisas com maior força de evidência científica como os ensaios clínicos randomizados para ratificar as propriedades farmacológicas das diferentes espécies, confirmar ou refutar possíveis efeitos adversos, oferecendo mais segurança no uso destes fármacos

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the scientific production of Brazilian dental research involving herbal medicines through a bibliometric study. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted by means of indirect observation of abstracts published at the Annual Meeting of the Brazilian Society for Dental Research in the period between 2006 and 2010. Studies were characterized according to year, region of origin, plant species studied, pharmacological activity, of knowledge, study design, funding received and funding agency. Data collection was carried out by two examiners who used a specific form to record the data. Information was analyzed by Epi Info and underwent descriptive statistics. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 292 works (1.8%), most of which were performed in Southeastern Brazil (59.6%), mainly in São Paulo (51.3%). The most frequently pharmacological activity assessed was the antimicrobial effect (62.7%), followed by tissue repair activity (14.4%). In vitro studies accounted for 63.4% and in vivo study model with rats was the most used (96.2%). CONCLUSION: A few studies approaching medicinal plants in dentistry may be found. Therefore, there is a need for further research with greater scientific evidence level such as randomized clinical trials, in order to confirm the pharmacological properties of different plant species and to confirm or refute possible adverse effects, thus providing more security for the use of these drugs

Atenção à saúde bucal nas comunidades indígenas: evolução e desafios - uma revisão de literatura / Oral health care in indigenous communities: evolution and challenges - a literature review

Objetivo: Este artigo de revisão de literatura tem como objetivo apontar os aspectos relativos à atenção à saúde bucal nas comunidades indígenas, destacando-se a evolução e os desafios. Material e Métodos: O levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado nas bases de dados: Pubmed, SciELO, BBO e LILACS. Resultados: O Subsistema de Atenção à Saúde Indígena tem apresentado evoluções desde sua implantação. A criação de uma nova Secretaria no Ministério da Saúde, a Secretaria Especial de Atenção à Saúde Indígena, responsável exclusivamente pela atenção à saúde dos povos indígenas, vem ao encontro dos anseios dessas comunidades, dos profissionais e gestores, na expectativa de uma atenção em saúde integral e diferenciada. Uma das primeiras iniciativas desta Secretaria consistiu na implantação do Brasil Sorridente Indígena, visando acesso ao atendimento odontológico nas aldeias, estruturando e qualificando os serviços de saúde bucal e garantindo assistência odontológica integral a estes povos. Os desafios para o atendimento odontológico em área indígena são diversos, posto que aspectos geográficos, linguísticos e culturais representam dificuldades na atenção à saúde dessa população. Conclusão: É importante que o profissional adquira competência cultural, transcendendo os limites de um modelo assistencialista com foco no individuo, privilegiando a prevenção com o olhar voltado à coletividade, respeitando e valorizando os aspectos sociais e culturais dos povos indígenas.

Objective: The aim of this literature review is to investigate aspects on oral health care in indigenous communities, highlighting the progress and challenges. Material and Methods The literature search was conducted in the databases: PubMed, SciELO, BBO and LILACS. Results: The Subsystem for Indigenous Healthcare has evolved since its inception. The creation of a new department within the Ministry of Health, the Special Secretariat for Indigenous Healthcare, responsible solely for health care of indigenous people, aimed to meet the expectations of these communities, professionals and managers regarding comprehensive and differentiated health care. One of the first initiatives of the Department was establishing the Indigenous Smiling Brazil program, which has the purpose of providing access to dental care in the local settlements by improving the structure and quality of oral health services, and by ensuring comprehensive dental care for these people. The challenges of providing dental care in indigenous areas are diverse, due to difficult geographical, linguistic and cultural aspects. Conclusion: It is important for health professionals to acquire cultural competence, and to transcend the boundaries of an assistance model focused on the individual, emphasizing prevention under a collective view, respecting and valuing social and cultural aspects of indigenous peoples.

Dentes supranumerários: revisão da literatura e relato de caso / Supranumerary teeth: review of literature and report of case

Dentes supranumerários podem ocorrer em ambas as dentições, mas são mais frequentemente vistos na dentição permanente e na região ântero-superior, e a sua exata etiologia permanece obscura, não sendo bem compreendida. Eles podem ser únicos ou múltiplos, mas dentes supranumerários múltiplos não são tão freqüentes. Esses dentes podem causar problemas para a erupção e o correto alinhamento dos dentes da série normal. Este artigo apresenta o caso de uma criança de 8 anos que possuía dois dentes supranumerários na região dos incisivos centrais superiores, e o tratamento realizado foi a exodontia dos elementos dentários. Posteriormente, o paciente foi encaminhado para tratamento ortodôntico.

Restaurações indiretas: técnica alternativa na reabilitação bucal em odontopediatria / Indirect restorative technique: an alternative in oral rehabilitation in pediatric dentistry

Este artigo tem por finalidade principal, oferecer uma contribuição ao clínico-geral e ao odontopediatra para a restauração de molares decíduos com grande destruição coronária