RESUMO
It was assumed that dietary inclusion of Lactobacillus reuteri SL001 isolated from the gastric contents of rabbits could act as an alternative to feed antibiotics to improve the growth performance of broiler chickens. We randomly assigned 360 one-day-old AA white-feathered chicks in three treatments: basal diet (control), basal diet plus zinc bacitracin (antibiotic), and basal diet plus L. reuteri SL001 (SL001) treatment. The results showed the total BW gain and average daily gain (ADG) of broilers in SL001 treatment increased significantly (p < 0.05, respectively) compared with the control group from day 0 to 42. Moreover, we observed higher levels of immune globulins in both the SL001 group and the antibiotic group. Total antioxidant capacity and levels of antioxidant factors were also significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05, respectively) in the SL001 treatment group, while the interleukin 6, interleukin 4, creatinine, uric acid, total cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL, LDL and malondialdehyde were remarkably decreased (p < 0.05, respectively). In the ileum of SL001 treatment broilers, the height of villi and the ratio of villi height to crypt depth were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the crypt depth reduced (p < 0.01) and the ratio of villi height to crypt depth increased (p < 0.05) in the jejunum compared to the control. The abundance of microbiota increased in the gut of broilers supplemented with SL001. Dietary SL001 significantly increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria in the cecal contents of broilers (p < 0.01) at the phylum level. In conclusion, L. reuteri SL001 supplementation promotes the growth performance of broiler chickens and exhibits the potential application value in the industry of broiler feeding.
RESUMO
The purpose of this study was to compare the hepatoprotective effects of Oxy (oxyresveratrol), Res (resveratrol), and MulA (mulberroside A) (80 mg/kg body weight/d, i.g.) on acute liver injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/d-galactosamine (d-GalN) in mice. After 7 h of LPS (50 µg/kg body weight, i.p.) and d-GalN (500 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) exposure, the activities of serum transaminases and antioxidant enzymes were determined. The expressions of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signal pathway, the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signal pathway, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathway related proteins were evaluated by Western blot assays. Histopathological analysis was performed by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining on the separated livers of mice. The results showed that treatment with Oxy, Res, and MulA could significantly decreases the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) ( P < 0.01). MulA was the most effective ingredient among the three, and the ALT and AST levels were reduced at 90.3 ± 1.3% and 93.9 ± 1.1% compared with the LPS/D-GalN treated group ( P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the stilbenes curbed the expression of inflammatory factors, NF-κB pathway activation, and MAPKs phosphorylation and upregulated antioxidant enzymes, Nrf2, NAD (P) H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression levels. Stilbenes might protect the ALI caused by LPS/d-GalN through inhibiting the negative effectiveness of oxidation stress and inflammation. The protective performance of MulA was better than those of Oxy and Res, and we hypothesize that it might be due to the mediation of the specific metabolic pathway of the MulA in vivo. All of these results implied that stilbenes in mulberry twigs might be promising as natural additives.