Conflicting identities between sex workers and motherhood: A systematic review.

Being a mother is a traditional and central role for women. However, due to criminalization, social stigma and marginalized lifestyles, female sex workers (FSWs) may encounter disadvantages and social inequality. The aim of this review was to synthesize the results of studies focused on the challenges that FSWs face in negotiating their maternal identity with their stigmatized identity as sex workers. A total of 21 studies published from 2002 to 2016 were included in this review. Textual narrative and a thematic synthesis approach were adopted to synthesize key themes. Two common themes across countries were identified: conflicting identities between the jobs as sex workers and motherhood and responses to social expectations of ideal motherhood. Given the challenges that FSWs face with motherhood, comprehensive services, including health, family, social, and legal services, are needed to support FSWs as individuals and as mothers. A more holistic approach is recommended to address their physical, emotional, financial, and social problems faced by FSWs. Services should be offered in a friendly and non-judgmental manner. Further, to advance the health and safety of FSWs and their children, prostitution law may need to move toward decriminalization of sex work and educate the general public about respecting FSWs.

Drawing in nursing PBL.

The implementation of art education in nursing is said to have positive effects on nursing students. Most studies applied visual art dialogues or object design, whereas the effectiveness of drawing as a teaching and learning method is rarely examined and discussed. This paper aimed to discuss the potential and effectiveness of drawing as a learning and teaching method. Four drawings which were created by Hong Kong nursing students are demonstrated and the students' perspectives of how drawing enhanced learning are shown in this paper. Topics on drawing as a fun teaching and learning method and the way it can enhance critical thinking and creativity are also discussed. In conclusion, the activity was a great success, and students enjoyed the learning process and reflected positive comments. However, we cannot conclude that drawing is an effective teaching and learning method based on a single paper, therefore more similar studies should be conducted to investigate this method.

Role-playing in the problem-based learning class.

Learning and teaching have been conceptualized and executed in many styles, such as self-learning, peer learning, and interaction between the learner and mentor. Today, openness to alternative ideas and embracing innovative approaches in nursing education are encouraged in order to meet students' learning interests and needs, and to address ever-changing healthcare requests. Problem-based learning has been widely adopted in nursing education, with various positive effects on students' learning, such as motivated learning, team work, problem-solving skills and critical thinking. Role-plays have been demonstrated as an effective learning strategy that includes an active and experiential feature that facilitates students' autonomy in their health-related learning. However, there is a lack of discussion of whether and how role-play can be used in problem-based learning (PBL). This paper shows the development of a classroom-based innovation using role-play in the PBL class for higher diploma year-one nurse students (a total of 20 students, five per group). This paper consists of five sections: a) the literature on PBL and nurse education, and role-plays as the innovation; b) the PBL case scenario with the illustration of the two role-play scripts, c) student evaluation on role-play in the PBL class; d) discussions on both achievements and limitations of this innovation, and e) the conclusion. It is hoped that this paper will be an example to other nurse educators who are keen on exploring interactive and student-driven learning and teaching strategies in the PBL class.