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1.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci ; 25(21): 6548-6556, 2021 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34787857

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a major advance in cancer treatment, but their payment benefits are unclear, resulting in financial risk. In Taiwan, the National Health Insurance Administration (NHIA) has adapted risk-sharing mechanisms to cover ICIs by collecting and assessing real-world evidence, such as case registration data, to adjust benefit packages for each medication, increase payment benefits of ICIs, and enable national health insurance sustainability. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This nationwide, multicenter, retrospective cohort study assessed the real-world use, effectiveness, and safety of ICIs reimbursed by the NHIA for treating multiple advanced cancers in Taiwan. We obtained data mainly from the NHIA Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Registry Database. RESULTS: Between April 1, 2019, and March 31, 2020, 1644 patients received at least one dose of ICIs. The overall response rate (RR) was 29.1%. The metastatic urothelial carcinoma of patients ineligible for chemotherapy showed the highest RR. The estimated median progression-free survival (PFS) was 2.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI]=2.7-3 months), and renal cell carcinoma showed the longest PFS. The median PFS was reached in patients with most cancers except classic Hodgkin's lymphoma, which had a small sample size. The estimated survival probability was 50%. CONCLUSIONS: Under the national registration tracking system, Taiwan's high-cost drug policy has enabled access to new medicines and maximized patient benefits.


Assuntos
Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/efeitos adversos , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Bases de Dados Factuais , Feminino , Humanos , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/efeitos adversos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Programas Nacionais de Saúde , Neoplasias/mortalidade , Nivolumabe/efeitos adversos , Nivolumabe/uso terapêutico , Sistema de Registros , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taiwan , Resultado do Tratamento
3.
Immunol Lett ; 34(1): 13-7, 1992 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1478702

RESUMO

Studies reported here investigate the influence of dietary fat types on cytokine production in response to endotoxin (LPS) challenge. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) serum levels were markedly higher (by 10-fold) in mice fed chronically a diet rich in fish oil rather than either a diet rich in corn or coconut oil or a low fat diet. This in vivo hyper-responsiveness in LPS-induced TNF production following fish oil consumption concorded with similar exaggerated in vitro TNF release from macrophages exposed to LPS. These data suggest that high consumption of fish oils, by virtue of their high content of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, can lead to an exaggerated production of mediators of inflammation with potentially adverse consequences on the outcome and severity of infectious diseases.


Assuntos
Gorduras na Dieta/farmacologia , Óleos de Peixe/farmacologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/biossíntese , Animais , Óleo de Coco , Óleo de Milho/farmacologia , Feminino , Técnicas In Vitro , Lipopolissacarídeos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Fatores de Tempo
4.
J Antimicrob Chemother ; 27(5): 639-45, 1991 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1885421

RESUMO

The chemotherapeutic activity of minocycline, a semi-synthetic tetracycline analogue, was evaluated in a murine model of toxoplasmosis. A lethal acute toxoplasmosis was produced by injecting 10(5) tachyzoites of the RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii into the peritoneal cavities of Swiss-Webster mice. When infected mice were treated once daily for 12 days, starting 2 h after challenge, the survival and cure rates were 100% and 40% respectively after minocycline alone (100 mg/kg per day), 0% and 0% after pyrimethamine alone (8.5 mg/kg per day), and 100% and 50% after combination of the two drugs at the same dosages. Absolute survival and cure with minocycline were observed when mice were treated with two daily doses of 100 mg/kg for 12 days. Mice chronically infected with a low virulent strain of T. gondii (Me49) showed a significant reduction in the number of brain cysts after three weeks of treatment with 50 mg/kg per day of minocycline. Minocycline serum levels after a single oral administration of 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg to normal mice, peaked at 1.8 mg/l and 10 mg/l after 1 h, respectively, and showed an extended half-life.


Assuntos
Minociclina/uso terapêutico , Toxoplasmose Animal/tratamento farmacológico , Doença Aguda , Animais , Doença Crônica , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Feminino , Camundongos , Minociclina/sangue , Pirimetamina/uso terapêutico , Indução de Remissão , Toxoplasmose Animal/parasitologia
5.
Carcinogenesis ; 10(2): 351-6, 1989 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2912585

RESUMO

Human tumor cell strains having different activities of O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (ATR) were transplanted into nude mice and chemotherapeutic responses of tumor xenografts were compared after intraperitoneal injection of the anti-tumor drug 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea (ACNU). The tumor strains used were four Mer+ strains possessing high ATR activity and three Mer- strains lacking this activity. Included in these Mer+ strains was a clone 5'dD which expresses the Escherichia coli ATR in Mer- HeLa cells and thus shows the Mer+ phenotype. All the Mer- tumor xenografts were much more sensitive than tumors of Mer+ strains, including the clone 5'dD; after the highest ACNU dose (three injections of 50 mg/kg), some Mer- tumors disappeared completely and the growth of other tumors was severely retarded, whereas all Mer+ tumors continued to grow. These results demonstrate that ATR activity in tumor cells is a major determinant of tumor response to ACNU, and further suggest that measurement of ATR activity in biopsy specimens may provide a useful guide to predict the response to chemotherapy.


Assuntos
Metiltransferases/metabolismo , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Nimustina/uso terapêutico , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Transplante de Neoplasias , Neoplasias/enzimologia , O(6)-Metilguanina-DNA Metiltransferase , Células Tumorais Cultivadas
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