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1.
Addict Behav ; 39(10): 1491-9, 2014 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24949950

RESUMO

If adolescents do not receive appropriate assistance in quitting smoking, they are highly likely to become regular smokers when they enter adulthood. Thus, an effective smoking-cessation program is required. A program was designed based on both the smoking-cessation barriers reported by students and effective strategies derived from the literature. We assigned 143 student smokers from 6 vocational high schools to intervention (n=78) and comparison groups (n=65). Data were collected at the baseline, the end of the program, and 1- and 4-month follow-up time points. For the intervention group, the smoking-abstinence rates confirmed using the urine cotinine test were 22.73% at the end of the program and 20.75% at the 4-month follow-up point. Days smoked in the past month, number of cigarettes smoked per day, and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence score of the intervention group decreased at all of the time points. The group differences in these variables were statistically significant; the magnitude of effect sizes ranged from 0.44 to 0.95. Multicomponent programs addressing smoking-cessation barriers that students encounter can help adolescents quit smoking.


Assuntos
Acupressão/métodos , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/métodos , Serviços de Saúde Escolar , Autocuidado/métodos , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar/métodos , Adolescente , Terapia Combinada , Aconselhamento , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Motivação , Recompensa , Taiwan , Telefone , Resultado do Tratamento
2.
Plant Dis ; 95(3): 360, 2011 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30743518

RESUMO

Noni (Morinda citrifolia) is a popular medicinal plant found in tropical or subtropical regions of the world. The fruit and juice extracts have properties that are reportedly therapeutic for diabetes, high blood pressure, and certain types of cancer (1,4). In our studies on noni juice produced from fruit collected from the Kohala and Puna districts of the island of Hawaii from 2008 to 2010, Mucor circinelloides f. sp. circinelloides was isolated from 85% of 157 juice samples and observed with up to 75% incidence on fruit surfaces during fermentation processing in glass jars. Fungal growth, appearing 14 to 21 days in storage at 22°C, was pale yellow to tan brown and was associated with wounded surfaces. Single-spore strains, KN 06-2 (2006; ripe fruit puree) and KN 08-08 (2008; fermented juice; CBS 124110), identified by Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures by molecular methods were 97.3% similar in internal transcribed spacer sequence to the type strain (CBS 195.68). M. circinelloides f. sp. circinelloides strains (KN 08-08, KN 09-06, or KN 10-02) (2008 to 2010; fermented juice) were inoculated by pipetting an aliquot of 100 µl of fungus strain spore suspension (1 × 105 to 1.33 × 106 spores/ml) onto firm, yellow maturity noni fruit that were washed, surface disinfected, and either wounded (surface cuts) or nonwounded. Controls consisted of no inoculation and sterile distilled water (SDW) inoculation treatments. Ten to twenty each of wounded and nonwounded fruit comprised each inoculation treatment. Fruit were incubated in acrylic bins with a layer of distilled water at the bottom, and sealed with snap-on lids. The bins were incubated on a lab bench at 22 to 23°C under fluorescent lights. Fruits were evaluated for presence of fungal growth and severity of symptoms. To determine viability of spores on inoculated fruit without symptoms, surfaces were swabbed with sterile cotton swabs dipped in SDW, streaked on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates, and incubated at 22°C under fluorescent lights. The inoculation experiment was conducted twice. Nonwounded fruit inoculated with M. circinelloides f. sp. circinelloides strains did not result in infections (KN 09-06 and KN 10-02) or produced slight mycelial growth (0 to 20%; KN 08-08). Wounded fruit inoculated with any of the three strains resulted in 85 to 100% infection of moderate severity. There were no infections in noninoculated or SDW treatments of nonwounded or wounded fruit. Koch's postulates were fulfilled with the reisolation of M. circinelloides f. sp. circinelloides from selected fruit exhibiting soft tissue, discoloration, and sporulating yellowish green mycelial growth. Swab washes from asymptomatic surfaces of inoculated nonwounded fruit resulted in the growth of M. circinelloides f. sp. circinelloides on PDA, proving viability of the spores and confirmed that the fungus is primarily pathogenic only on wounded fruit surfaces. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. circinelloides as a wound pathogen of noni fruit. The quality of fermented noni juice may be affected by the presence of M. circinelloides f. sp. circinelloides but can be remedied by pasteurization that does not affect antitumor properties (unpublished data). This fungus is also a reported pathogen of mango (2) and peach (3). References: (1) J. Li et al. Oncol. Rep. 20:1505, 2008. (2) K. Pernezny and G. W. Simone. Phytopathol. News 34:25, 2000. (3) C. Restuccia et al. J. Food Prot. 69:2465, 2006. (4) M. Y. Wang et al. Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 23:1127, 2002.

3.
J Clin Pharm Ther ; 33(3): 243-9, 2008 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18452411

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although interactions between aspirin and Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) have been documented, the extent to which these two drugs are used in combination remains unclear. The aim of this study was to estimate the extent and utilization patterns of combined prescriptions of aspirin and GBE in Taiwan based on an analysis of a nationwide database. METHODS: A representative nationwide sample of 200 000 National Health Insurance (NHI) beneficiaries in Taiwan was used. The prescription details of ambulatory care claims for this sample of beneficiaries for the period 1997-2003 were analysed. The prevalence of aspirin and GBE prescriptions was evaluated. The extent of co-prescription of the two drugs was assessed together with the associated patient characteristics. RESULTS: There was an increase in the number of aspirin prescriptions (from 29 986 out of 2 454 879 (1.2%) in 1997, to 50 614 out of 2 499 605 (2.0%) in 2003). Aspirin was mostly prescribed to patients over 50 years old. The percentage of prescriptions with aspirin increased rapidly from 57% to 84%, among those over 50 years old. The number of prescriptions with GBE also increased from 3039 to 6171 and 78-84% was prescribed to those 50 years or older. During the study period, combined prescriptions of aspirin and GBE dramatically increased four times. Most prescriptions were longer than 14 days and 42.4% of combined prescriptions were found to be at the same ambulatory care visit. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that there is an increasing trend in co-prescription of aspirin and GBE for Taiwan's elderly population during 1997-2003. This trend is of concern and worthy of note.


Assuntos
Aspirina/administração & dosagem , Prescrições de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Uso de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Ginkgo biloba , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Idoso , Bases de Dados Factuais , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Programas Nacionais de Saúde , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Taiwan
4.
Arch Pharm Res ; 23(3): 243-5, 2000 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10896056

RESUMO

The diethyl ether extract of Isodon excisus var. coreanus exhibited significant inhibitory activity in aromatase assay. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the extract led to the isolation of three active compounds: inflexin (ent-1alpha-hydroxy-3beta,6a-diacetoxykaur-16-en-11,15-dione ) (1), ursolic acid (2), and ursolic acid 3-O-acetate (3).


Assuntos
Inibidores da Aromatase , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Anticarcinógenos/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Placenta/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação
5.
Org Lett ; 2(4): 515-8, 2000 Feb 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10814365

RESUMO

[structure: see text] Three novel flavonoids, (+)-tephrorins A (1) and B (2) and (+)-tephrosone (3), were isolated from Tephrosia purpurea. Their structures were elucidated by NMR spectral analysis, and their absolute configurations were determined by Mosher ester methodology. Compounds 1 and 2 are flavanones containing an unusual tetrahydrofuran moiety. Compounds 1-3 were evaluated for their potential cancer chemopreventive properties using a cell-based quinone reductase induction assay.


Assuntos
Flavonoides/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Animais , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Espectrometria de Massas , Camundongos , Estrutura Molecular , NAD(P)H Desidrogenase (Quinona)/antagonistas & inibidores
6.
J Nat Prod ; 60(9): 869-73, 1997 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9322358

RESUMO

An isoflavone, 7,4'-dihydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxyisoflavone (1), and a chalcone, (+)-tephropurpurin (2), both novel compounds, as well as six constituents of known structure, (+)-purpurin (3), pongamol (4), lanceolatin B (5), (-)-maackiain (6), (-)-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-8,9-methylene-dioxypterocarpan (7), and (-)-medicarpin (8), were obtained as active compounds from Tephrosia purpurea, using a bioassay based on the induction of quinone reductase (QR) activity with cultured Hepa 1c1c7 mouse hepatoma cells. Additionally, three inactive compounds of known structure, 3'-methoxydaidzein, desmoxyphyllin B, and 3,9-dihydroxy-8-methoxycoumestan, were isolated and identified. The structure elucidation of compounds 1 and 2 was carried out by spectral data interpretation.


Assuntos
NAD(P)H Desidrogenase (Quinona)/biossíntese , Plantas Medicinais/química , Animais , Indução Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Índia , Isotiocianatos , Neoplasias Hepáticas Experimentais/metabolismo , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta , Sulfóxidos , Tiocianatos/farmacologia , Células Tumorais Cultivadas
7.
J Pharm Pharmacol ; 47(10): 857-60, 1995 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8583356

RESUMO

In the present study, A23187-induced pleurisy in mice was used to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of magnolol, a phenolic compound isolated from Chinese medicine Hou p'u (cortex of Magnolia officinalis). A23187-induced protein leakage was reduced by magnolol (10 mg kg-1, i.p.), indomethacin (10 mg kg-1, i.p.) and BW755C (30 mg kg-1, i.p.). A23187-induced polymorphonuclear (PMN) leucocyte infiltration in the pleural cavity was suppressed by magnolol and BW755C, while enhanced by indomethacin. Like BW755C, magnolol reduced both prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) levels in the pleural fluid of A23187-induced pleurisy, while indomethacin reduced PGE2 but increased LTB4 formation. In the rat isolated peripheral neutrophil suspension, magnolol (3.7 microM) and BW755C (10 microM) also suppressed the A23187-induced thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and LTB4 formation. These results suggest that magnolol, like BW755C, might be a dual cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitor. The inhibitory effect of magnolol on the A23187-induced pleurisy is proposed to be, at least partly, dependent on the reduction of the formation of eicosanoids mediators in the inflammatory site.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Compostos de Bifenilo/farmacologia , Lignanas , Pleurisia/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Ácido Araquidônico/metabolismo , Líquidos Corporais/metabolismo , Calcimicina/toxicidade , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Leucotrieno B4/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Pleura/metabolismo , Pleurisia/induzido quimicamente , Pleurisia/metabolismo , Proteínas/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley
8.
Eur J Pharmacol ; 273(1-2): 73-81, 1995 Jan 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7537681

RESUMO

Polymyxin B-induced hind-paw edema was suppressed by abruquinone A, an isoflavanquinone isolated from Abrus precatorius, in normal as well in adrenalectomized mice. Unlike dexamethasone, abruquinone A did not increase the liver glycogen content in fasting adrenalectomized mice. The volume of exuded plasma was significantly reduced by abruquinone A in neurogenic inflammation, passive cutaneous anaphylactic reaction and compound 48/80-induced ear edema. Histamine-, serotonin-, bradykinin- and substance P-induced plasma extravasation in ear edema was also suppressed by abruquinone A. Abruquinone A, like isoproterenol, significantly reduced the bradykinin- and substance P-induced plasma extravasation in normal as well as in compound 48/80-pretreated mice. In addition, abruquinone A suppressed the bradykinin- and substance P-induced ear edema to a significantly greater extent than diphenhydramine/methysergide did. In the in vitro experiments, abruquinone A suppressed the compound 48/80-induced histamine and beta-glucuronidase released from isolated rat peritoneal mast cell preparations. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of abruquinone A is mediated partly via the suppression of the release of chemical mediators from mast cells and partly via the prevention of vascular permeability changes caused by mediators. The glucocorticoid activity and the release of glucocorticoid hormones from the adrenal gland are probably not involved.


Assuntos
Benzopiranos/farmacologia , Benzoquinonas/farmacologia , Permeabilidade Capilar/efeitos dos fármacos , Plantas Medicinais/química , Adrenalectomia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides , Degranulação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/patologia , Glucocorticoides/biossíntese , Glucuronidase/metabolismo , Liberação de Histamina/efeitos dos fármacos , Inflamação/patologia , Masculino , Mastócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Mastócitos/enzimologia , Mastócitos/ultraestrutura , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Anafilaxia Cutânea Passiva/efeitos dos fármacos , Raízes de Plantas/química , p-Metoxi-N-metilfenetilamina/farmacologia
9.
Eur J Pharmacol ; 272(1): 87-95, 1995 Jan 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7536160

RESUMO

Acetylshikonin, a naphthoquinone isolated from the Chinese herb medicine, tzu ts'ao, was demonstrated to inhibit the polymyxin B-induced hind-paw edema in normal as well as in adrenalectomized mice. Liver glycogen content was increased in adrenalectomized mice pretreated with dexamethasone, but not with acetylshikonin. Like diphenhydramine, methysergide and isoproterenol, acetylshikonin reduced the plasma exudation evoked in dorsal hind-paw skin by antidromic stimulation of the saphenous nerve, and in passive cutaneous anaphylactic reaction, bradykinin-, substance P-, compound 48/80-, histamine- and serotonin-induced ear edema. Indomethacin was ineffective in these respects. Bradykinin- and substance P-induced plasma exudation were also significantly reduced when [Thi5,8,D-Phe7]bradykinin and [D-Pro2,D-Trp7,9]substance P were coinjected with bradykinin and substance P, respectively. In isolated rat peritoneal mast cell preparation, acetylshikonin produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of histamine and beta-glucuronidase release from mast cells challenged by compound 48/80. In compound 48/80-pretreated mice, acetylshikonin and isoproterenol produced significantly more inhibitory effect on bradykinin- and substance P-induced plasma exudation than did diphenhydramine in combination with methysergide. Pretreatment with diphenhydramine/methysergide in compound 48/80-pretreated mice significantly further reduced the bradykinin- and substance P-induced plasma exudation if [Thi5,8,D-Phe7]bradykinin and [D-Pro2,D-Trp7,9]substance P were coinjected with bradykinin or substance P, respectively. The results suggest that the inhibitory effect of acetylshikonin on the edematous response is due neither to the release of steroid hormones from the adrenal gland nor to the glucocorticoid activity, but probably partly to the suppression of mast cell degranulation and partly to protection of the vasculature from mediator challenge.


Assuntos
Antraquinonas/farmacologia , Permeabilidade Capilar/efeitos dos fármacos , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Adrenalectomia , Animais , Antraquinonas/administração & dosagem , Antraquinonas/uso terapêutico , Bradicinina/administração & dosagem , Bradicinina/análogos & derivados , Bradicinina/farmacologia , Bradicinina/toxicidade , Degranulação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Dexametasona/administração & dosagem , Dexametasona/farmacologia , Difenidramina/administração & dosagem , Difenidramina/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Interações Medicamentosas , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/uso terapêutico , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Glucuronidase/metabolismo , Glicogênio/metabolismo , Membro Posterior , Histamina/metabolismo , Indometacina/administração & dosagem , Indometacina/farmacologia , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Mastócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Metisergida/administração & dosagem , Metisergida/farmacologia , Camundongos , Polimixina B/toxicidade , Substância P/administração & dosagem , Substância P/análogos & derivados , Substância P/farmacologia , Substância P/toxicidade , p-Metoxi-N-metilfenetilamina/administração & dosagem , p-Metoxi-N-metilfenetilamina/toxicidade
10.
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol ; 5(2): 99-105, 1978.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-648039

RESUMO

1. The interactions of practolol with acetylcholine, histamine, serotonin and bradykinin were studied on the trachea and lung of the guinea-pig, an animal whose sensitivity to bronchoactive endogens is known to be similar to that of human asthmatic bronchi. 2. Practolol, like propranolol, potentiated the action of the first three agonists mentioned above, but, unlike propranolol, it did not potentiate the bronchospastic effect of bradykinin. 3. Practolol, in fact, antagonized the action of bradykinin, but this effect was unlike that produced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. 4. The possibility that beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists might show adverse interactions with certain foodstuffs was investigated, an is discussed. 5. It is suggested that the feasibility of the continued use of practolol (or the newer cardioselective beta-blockers) in asthmatics necessarily depends on the type of allergic reaction involved, and so it is not possible to generalize. Any drug or food that might cause a bronchospastic effect synergistically in the presence of a beta- adrenoreceptor antagonist, even a cardioselective one, should be regarded with suspicion.


Assuntos
Resistência das Vias Respiratórias/efeitos dos fármacos , Practolol/farmacologia , Acetilcolina/farmacologia , Animais , Bradicinina/farmacologia , Interações Medicamentosas , Fabaceae , Feminino , Cobaias , Histamina/farmacologia , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Camundongos , Contração Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Liso/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais , Serotonina/farmacologia , Traqueia/efeitos dos fármacos
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