RESUMO
To determine the relative importance of two known serotypes of human rotavirus, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to differentiate serotype-specific rotavirus antigen and antibody. Using this technic, we studied the epidemiology of the two serotypes in acute gastroenteritis. Seventy-seven per cent of 414 rotavirus isolates were Type 2, and the remainder were Type 1. The serotype distribution was similar in specimens from children in Washington, D.C., and other parts of the world. Sero-epidemiologic studies revealed that most children living in the Washington, D.C., area acquired antibody to both types by the age of two years. An analysis of children who were reinfected indicated that sequential infections usually involved different serotypes and that illness caused by one serotype did not provide resistance to illness caused by the other serotype. These results suggest that, to be completely effective, a vaccine must provide resistance to both serotypes.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Antígenos Virais/análise , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas/métodos , Vírus de RNA/imunologia , Rotavirus/imunologia , Viroses/epidemiologia , Bangladesh , Criança , Colostro/imunologia , Costa Rica , Surtos de Doenças , District of Columbia , Feminino , Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Guatemala , Humanos , Lactente , Leite Humano/imunologia , Rotavirus/patogenicidade , Sorotipagem , Virginia , Virulência , Viroses/imunologiaAssuntos
Genes , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2 , Vírus da Influenza A/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Mutação , Orthomyxoviridae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Bovinos , Cricetinae , Técnicas de Cultura , Feminino , Fluoruracila , Teste de Complementação Genética , Vírus da Influenza A/patogenicidade , Vacinas contra Influenza , Rim , Pulmão/microbiologia , Macaca mulatta , Mutagênicos , Fenótipo , Recombinação Genética , Temperatura , Conchas Nasais/microbiologia , Vacinas Atenuadas , Ensaio de Placa Viral , Replicação ViralAssuntos
Células Produtoras de Anticorpos/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas de Bactérias , Membrana Celular/imunologia , Ceramidas/farmacologia , Glicolipídeos/farmacologia , Animais , Formação de Anticorpos , Reações Antígeno-Anticorpo , Proteínas de Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Colesterol/farmacologia , Cromatografia em Camada Fina , Testes de Fixação de Complemento , Diálise , Adjuvante de Freund , Haptenos , Soros Imunes/classificação , Imunização , Métodos , Mycoplasma/imunologia , Fosfatidilcolinas/farmacologia , CoelhosRESUMO
Eight Mycoplasma species of human origin were successfully cultivated on glass. Complement-fixing (CF) antigens prepared from glass-adherent mycoplasmas were potent, specific, and free from anticomplementary activity. PPLO broth medium supplemented with 1 to 5% PPLO serum fraction (bovine), 2.5% fresh yeast extract, and 1% glucose (glycolytic species) or 1% arginine (arginine-utilizing species) supported moderate to luxuriant growth of mycoplasmas on glass. The potency of CF antigens prepared from glass-adherent mycoplasmas varied with the species of Mycoplasma tested and the duration of incubation. When the potency of CF antigens prepared from glass-adherent mycoplasmas was compared with that material sedimented from the broth phase of the same culture, three patterns of growth were observed: M. hominis and M. orale type 2 grew preferentially in the broth phase; M. salivarium, M. orale types 1 and 3, M. pneumoniae, and M. lipophilum preferentially adhered to the glass; and M. fermentans was biphasic. The growth of mycoplasmas on glass provides a simple means of concentrating and purifying such organisms for immunological and biochemical studies.