RESUMO
Research on the beneficial effects of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) and phenolic compounds derived from roasted peanut flour on the nervous system remains insufficient. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a 28-day oral administration of defatted peanut extract rich in MPRs and polyphenolic compounds on the cognitive impairments and oxidative injury induced by scopolamine in a mouse model. Light and dark extracts from peanut flour were prepared by heating peanuts at 187°C for two different times (8.6 and 12.7 min) and defatted using soxhlet apparatus. The mice were orally pretreated with either roasted defatted peanuts extracts (100 mg/kg) or donepezil (3 mg/kg) for 21 days. On day 19 and until day 28, mice were injected subcutaneously with water or scopolamine (1 mg/kg body weight) 15 min after roasted defatted peanuts extracts/water feeding. Mice were subsequently subjected to a battery of behavioral tests including open field locomotor activity assay, and Morris water maze test. Brain tissues were collected to measure acetylcholine, acetylcholinesterase, and oxidative parameters (glutathione and malondialdehyde). Roasted defatted peanuts (light and dark) (100 mg/kg) treatment significantly ameliorated cognitive performance and reversed the oxidative damage when compared with the scopolamine group. These data demonstrate the defatted peanuts extracts exert potent anti-amnesic effects via the modulation of cholinergic and antioxidant activities.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Escopolamina , Acetilcolinesterase , Amnésia/induzido quimicamente , Amnésia/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Arachis , Colinérgicos , Farinha , Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada , Aprendizagem em Labirinto , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais , Escopolamina/toxicidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Arthrophytum scoparium (Pomel) Iljin (Amaranthaceae family) has been widely used in traditional Tunisian medicine to treat many disorders such as migraine, headache, and neurological disorders. This study investigates the effect of Arthrophytum scoparium Aqueous Extract (ASAE) on cognitive impairments and oxidative injury induced by galactose (10%) in a mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mice were divided randomly into 4 experimental groups, including the control group (saline water 9 ), Galactose group, Scop group (300 mg/kg/d), and Scop+Gal group (300 mg/kg/d). Mice received the corresponding solutions by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) for 7 days before the Y-maze active tests. Galactose 10% was given to all groups except control and Scop groups, 30 min before the trial. Levels of Acetylcholinesterase Activity (AChE), Ascorbic Acid (AA), Gluthatione (GSH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in mice brains were examined. RESULTS: Chronic administration of galactose significantly impaired cognitive performance in Y maze, caused marked oxidative damages and a significant increase in the acetylcholinesterase activity as compared to other groups. On the contrary, ASAE (300 mg/kg) treatment suppressed galactoseinduced oxidative damage by ameliorating the increased levels of GSH and AA. Moreover, ASAE treatment reduced brain AChE activities in the galactose-induced model. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that ASAE exerts potent anti-amnesic effects via the modulation of cholinergic and antioxidant activities. The observed pharmacological activities should be further evaluated by detailed experimental studies and validated by clinical trials.
Assuntos
Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Amaranthaceae/química , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Transtornos da Memória/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Animais , Encéfalo/enzimologia , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Galactose , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos dos fármacos , Transtornos da Memória/enzimologia , Camundongos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Age-related diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, are associated with oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, and increase the levels of cholesterol auto-oxidation products such as 7ß-hydroxycholesterol (7ß-OHC). Thus, it is imperative to identify agents that can prevent 7ß-OHC-induced side-effects. METHODS: We evaluated the potential protective effects of Carpobrotus edulis ethanol-water extract (EWe) on murine oligodendrocytes (158N) cultured in the absence or presence of 7ß-OHC (20 µg/mL, 24 h). The cells were incubated with EWe (20-200 µg/mL) 2 h before 7ß-OHC treatment. Mitochondrial activity and cell growth were evaluated with the MTT assay. Photometric methods were used to analyze antioxidant enzyme [catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] activities and the generation of lipid and protein oxidation products [malondialdehyde (MDA), conjugated diene (CD), and carbonylated proteins (CPs)]. RESULTS: Treatment with 7ß-OHC induced cell death and oxidative stress (reflected by alteration in CAT and SOD activities). Overproduction of lipid peroxidation products (MDA and CDs) and CPs was also reported. The cytotoxic effects associated with 7ß-OHC were attenuated by 160 µg/mL of EWe of C. edulis. Cell death induced by 7ß-OHC treatment was ameliorated, GPx and CAT activities were restored to normal, and MDA, CD, and CP levels were reduced following C. edulis extract treatment. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate the protective activities of C. edulis EWe against 7ß-OHC-induced disequilibrium in the redox status of 158N cells, indicative of the potential role of this plant extract in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
Assuntos
Aizoaceae , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/prevenção & controle , Oligodendroglia/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Hidroxicolesteróis , Camundongos , Neuroproteção , Oligodendroglia/metabolismo , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
In this study, Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the ultrasonic extraction of Carpobrotus edulis polysaccharides (CEP), and the effect of time, extraction temperature and water to material ratio was evaluated. Optimum conditions were 1.77h, 78.0°C and 33.04mL/g to improved CEP yield (7.84%), which is in good agreement with the predicted yield 7.77%. Then, the physico-chemical, antioxidant and antiglycation properties of optimized CEP were studied, and the total sugar and galacturonic acid content were 89.7 and 63.2%, respectively. The composition of neutral monosaccharide was arabinose, xylose, rhamnose and mannose in the molar percentage of 71.84, 14.80, 8.57, and 4.79%, respectively. In addition, (1H, and 13C) NMR and FTIR analyses confirmed the presence of uronic acids in the free and methyl ester forms with a degree of esterification of 31.27%. Therefore, this finding showed that CEP is a low methoxyl pectic polysaccharide, with an average molecular weight about 65,000g/mol. Finally, the results indicated that CEP presents strong antioxidant activities in vitro (DPPH, chelating ability and reducing power), and significantly inhibits lipid peroxidation and the formation of fluorescent advanced glycation end products in glucose-BSA system model.
Assuntos
Aizoaceae/química , Antioxidantes/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Polissacarídeos/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres , Glucose/química , Ácidos Hexurônicos/química , Hipoglicemiantes/química , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Monossacarídeos/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Soroalbumina Bovina/química , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Açúcares/química , Ácidos Urônicos/química , Água/químicaRESUMO
CONTENT: Recently, low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (LMWHA) has been reported to have novel features, such as free radical scavenging activities, antioxidant activities and dietary supplements. OBJECTIVE: In this study, hyaluronic acid (HA) was extracted from rooster comb and LMWHA was obtained by ultrasonic degradation in order to assess their antioxidant and antiglycation activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Molecular weight (Mw) and the content of glucuronic acid (GlcA) were used as the index for comparison of the effect of ultrasonic treatment. The effects on the structure were determined by ultraviolet (UV) spectra and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). The antioxidant activity was determined by three analytical assays (DPPH, NO and TBARS), and the inhibitory effect against glycated-BSA was also assessed. RESULTS: The GlcA content of HA and LMWHA was estimated at about 48.6% and 47.3%, respectively. The results demonstrate that ultrasonic irradiation decreases the Mw (1090-181 kDa) and intrinsic viscosity (1550-473 mL/g), which indicate the cleavage of the glycosidic bonds. The FTIR and UV spectra did not significantly change before and after degradation. The IC50 value of HA and LWMHA was 1.43, 0.76 and 0.36 mg/mL and 1.20, 0.89 and 0.17 mg/mL toward DPPH, NO and TBARS, respectively. Likewise LMWHA exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the AGEs formation than HA. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that the ultrasonic irradiation did not damage and change the chemical structure of HA after degradation; furthermore, decreasing Mw and viscosity of LMWHA after degradation may enhance the antioxidant and antiglycation activity.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Galinhas/metabolismo , Crista e Barbelas/metabolismo , Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada/metabolismo , Ácido Hialurônico/farmacologia , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional/efeitos dos fármacos , Soroalbumina Bovina/metabolismo , Extratos de Tecidos/farmacologia , Ultrassom , Animais , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Compostos de Bifenilo/química , Estabilidade de Medicamentos , Ácido Glucurônico/isolamento & purificação , Glicosilação , Ácido Hialurônico/química , Ácido Hialurônico/isolamento & purificação , Hipoglicemiantes/química , Hipoglicemiantes/isolamento & purificação , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Estrutura Molecular , Peso Molecular , Óxido Nítrico/química , Picratos/química , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/química , Extratos de Tecidos/química , Extratos de Tecidos/isolamento & purificação , ViscosidadeRESUMO
Carpobrotus edulis is an important South African medicinal plants used as a food and therapeutic agent in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical content, antioxidant, antiglycation and cytotoxic effect against Human Colon Cancer Cell Line (HCT-116) of aqueous and ethanol-water (1:1v/v) extracts of Carpobrotus edulis.The content of total phenolics and flavonoids in aqueous and ethanol-water extract were 151.99µg and 66.35µg gallic acid equivalents/mg of dry extract, and 38.84µg and 21.96µg quercetin/mg of dry extract, respectively. Furthermore, phenolic compositions analysis indicated the presence of seven majority compounds including sinapic acid, ferulic acid, luteolin7-o-glucoside, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, ellagic acid and isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside. The ethanol-water extract (100-1000µg/mL) showed better antioxidant activity than aqueous extract. Furthermore, Carpobrotus edulis extracts, especially ethanol-water extract significantly inhibited the formation of fluorescent advanced glycation end products, prevented oxidation-induced protein damage and exhibited a cytotoxic effect against HCT116 cells, with a significant decrease in cell viability after 24h of incubation. The results obtained suggest that the Carpobrotus edulis extracts could be used as an easily accessible source of natural antioxidants and as potential phytochemicals against protein glycation and colon cancer.