Amelioration of oxidative kidney damage in offspring by maternal trans-fatty acid exposure in mice by secoisolariciresinol diglucoside. / äºšéº»æœ¨é šç´ å¯¹æ¯é¼ åå¼è„‚è‚ªé ¸æš´éœ²è‡´å­ä»£è‚¾æ°§åŒ–æŸä¼¤çš„ä¿æŠ¤ä½œç”¨.

OBJECTIVES: Trans-fatty acids (TFAs), primarily derived from the food industry's production processes, have become a globally recognized public health issue due to the detrimental impact they have on human well-being. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) is a polyphenolic compound derived from flax lignans, possessing antioxidative properties. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of SDG on kidney oxidative damage in offspring of mice caused by maternal exposure to TFA during pregnancy and lactation. METHODS: A total of 30 c57BL/6 female rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: a control group, a TFA-exposed group, a low-(TFA+LSDG) group, a medium-(TFA+MSDG) group, and a high-(TFA+HSDG) group (n=6 in each group). With the exception of the control group, the maternal mice in the remaining 4 groups received a daily oral gavage of TFA at a dosage of 60 mg/(kg·BW) throughout the experimental period. The mothers in the control group were administered physiological saline via oral gavage once daily. Meanwhile, the 3 SDG intervention groups were provided with ad libitum access to SDG feed containing 10 mg/kg (low), 20 mg/kg (medium), and 30 mg/kg (high) of SDG. The female mice were conceived overnight. If the vaginal plug appeared in the next morning, the female mice were conceived and included in the experimental stage until the end of the 21th day lactation period. The body weight and kidney mass of offspring were recorded, and the kidney coefficient was calculated. The kidney was detected by HE staining to observe the histopathological changes, and the level of reactive oxidative species (ROS) was detected by fluorescence probe-dihydroethidium (DHE) staining; the expression levels of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in renal homogenate were detected, and the expression of nuclear factor E2-related fator2 (Nrf2) and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. The mRNA expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 were detected by real-time PCR, and the protein expression of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1), Nrf2 and HO-1 were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the kidney coefficient in the TFA-exposed group was increased, the morphology and structure of kidney tissue was abnormal; the activity of T-SOD enzyme was decreased, and the content of MDA was increased, the level of ROS was increased; the expressions of Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, GPx1 protein were decreased, and the mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 were decreased, there were all significant difference (all P<0.05). Compared with the TFA-exposed group, the ROS levels were reduced, and the T-SOD enzyme activity as well as the protein expression of Cu/Zn-SOD, GPx-1, Mn-SOD, Nrf2 and HO-1 were up-regulated in the low, middle and high dose SDG intervention groups; the kidney coefficient and MDA content were decreased in the middle and high dose SDG groups; the Nrf2 mRNA expression in the high dose SDG group was up-regulated, there were all significant difference (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Maternal exposure to TFA during pregnancy and lactation can lead to oxidative damage in the kidney of offspring, and the SDG intervention may alleviate TFA-induced oxidative damage by up-regulating the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 signal pathway.

An optimized CaO2-functionalized alginate bead for simultaneous and efficient removal of phosphorous and harmful cyanobacteria.

Simultaneous removal of phosphorus (P) and algae is important to mitigate eutrophication, however, it is rather challenging in remediation of harmful algal blooms (HABs)-contaminated water. In this study, a wet alginate bead functionalized by CaO2 particle formed layer by layer was prepared with an in-situ method and optimized to remove phosphorous and inhibit algae growth. The stable H2O2 release with a concentration level of 0.06 mM was observed for a period of 26 d. The content of peroxy groups (-O-O-) in the optimal bead was 0.44 mmol·g-1 through permanganate-based titration study. For solution with an initial phosphorous concentration of 10 mg·L-1, the removal was around 97% in pH 3.0-10.0. XRD, SEM, and XPS studies and kinetic modelings showed that removal of phosphorus was mainly due to formation of insoluble Ca-P compounds in the bead. The CaO2-functionalized bead inhibited algae growth with an effect lasting over 170 d, which was much better than liquid H2O2 and Ca(OH)2 bead; the phosphorous removal with an efficiency of about 70% was simultaneously obtained. Furthermore, the bead demonstrated to be effective in removing algae in the realistic water from a reservoir. In summary, this study shows that the CaO2-functionalized material is promising for simultaneous removal of phosphorous and management of HABs.

Dietary fatty acids and risk for Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and mild cognitive impairment: A prospective cohort meta-analysis.

The association between dietary fatty acid intake and Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) risk is inconsistent. This meta-analysis examined the effect of dietary fatty acid intake in prospective cohort studies including patients with AD, dementia, and MCI. PubMed, China Biology Medicine (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, and VIP Database were systematically searched through September 2020. The random-effects model was used to combine the highest and lowest categories of multivariable adjusted relative risk (RR). Prospective cohort studies that included associations between dietary fatty acid intake and the risk for AD, dementia, or MCI were included. Fourteen studies were included, comprising 54 177 participants: 1696 patients with AD, 1118 patients with dementia, and 2889 with MCI. The pooled RR showed a significant association only between ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake and MCI risk (RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.75-0.98), with no heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 0%). The intake of total fatty acids, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), cholesterol, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), PUFAs, ω-3 PUFAs, ω-6 PUFAs, docosahexaenoic acids (DHAs), and eicosapentaenoic acids (EPAs) was not significantly associated with AD risk. The intake of total fatty acids, SFAs, MUFAs, PUFAs, and ω-3 PUFAs was not significantly associated with dementia risk. This meta-analysis provided evidence that ω-3 PUFA intake may be negatively associated with MCI risk.

[Effects of Restraint Manipulation on Learning-memory Ability, Visional Acuity and Body Mass of Rats].

OBJECTIVE: Restraint manipulation is necessary for observing the effect of acupuncture or moxibustion stimulation on various variables in the experimental study. Thus, the present study was designed to examine the impact of restraint manipulation on rats' learning-memory ability, visional acuity, and body mass, so as to have a reasonable assessment on the influence of restraint stress. METHODS: Normal Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a restraint group (n=15) and a control group (n=15). In the restraint group, self-made restraint devices were used to bind the rats for 30 min daily for 30 consecutive days. The body mass of the rats was monitored daily; and the learningmemory ability and the visional acuity assessed using visual water task. RESULTS: After 30 days' restraint, no significant differences were found between the two groups in the training times for acquiring a correct rate of 80% in the learning-memory tests, and visional acuity and body mass (P ï¹¥0.05). CONCLUSION: Thirty days' restraint has no obvious impact on the increase of body weight, learning-memory and visional acuity in normal rats, suggesting an applicable of restraint device in acupuncture study.