[CiteSpace knowledge mapping of traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of premature ovarian failure].

This study aimed to investigate the research trend of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) against premature ovarian fai-lure(POF) from 1989 to 2021 by bibliometrics and explore the research status, research hotspots, and advances in international co-operation, knowledge structure, and active topics.The research articles on POF published from database inception to December 28, 2021, were retrieved from Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) and visually analyzed for countries, journals, authors, institutions, and keywords by CiteSpace 5.8.R3.A total of 1 468 articles were included, including 217 in English and 1 251 in Chinese.Since 1989, there has been an overall upward trend in the number of articles, with China serving as the main contributor.The core authors of Chinese articles are from a cooperative team represented by FENG Yi-xuan, REN Yu-lan, LING Le-le, and TENG Xiu-xiang.BETTERLE C is the author with the highest number of published articles in this international research field.The articles are mainly published by TCM journals and universities, and Human Reproduction accounts for the highest proportion of publications in the international research(11 articles, 5.07%).In the retrieved research articles, the research contents mainly focus on the treatment methods, research methods, and mechanism of action of TCM in the treatment of POF, where "Zuogui Pills" "gene" "cell" "model" "expression", etc.are the current research hotspots. "Acupuncture" "data mining" "systematic review" "oxidative stress" "activation" may be the potential topics in the follow-up research development.Future development should focus on the scientific interpretation and analysis of the theory and practice of TCM by modern scientific and technological methods.The research on informatization, digitization, and knowledge of TCM theory and practice is pivotal to promoting the internationalization and modernization of TCM, which can help researchers explore new directions for future research and identify new perspectives for potential collaboration in the field.

Clinical and pathological features and risk factors for primary breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women all around the world. According to the latest statistics in 2018, there were more than 2.08 million new breast cancer cases all around the world and more than 620000 deaths; the proportion of breast cancer deaths in women with cancer is 15%. By studying age, clinicopathological characteristics and molecular classification, age at menarche, age at birth, number of births, number of miscarriages, lactation time, surgical history of benign breast lesions, history of gynecological diseases, and other factors, we retrospectively summarized and compared the disease history of patients with primary breast cancer and patients with benign thyroid tumors admitted to our hospital in the past 10 years to explore the clinicopathological characteristics and risk factors for primary breast cancer. AIM: To investigate the clinical and pathological features and risk factors for primary breast cancer treated at our center in order to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer in the Zhuhai-Macao region. METHODS: Through a retrospective case-control study, 149 patients with primary breast cancer diagnosed and treated at Zhuhai Hospital of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2013 to March 2020 were included as a case group, and 165 patients with benign breast tumors diagnosed and treated from January 2019 to March 2020 were included as a control group. The data collected included age, age at menarche, age at first birth, number of births, number of miscarriages, lactation time, history of surgery for benign breast lesions, history of familial malignant tumors, history of gynecological diseases, history of thyroid diseases, and the tumor characteristics of the patients in the case group including pathological diagnosis, pathological type, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, stage, and molecular classification, among others. In the case group, the chi-square test was used to analyze the clinical and pathological features of patients in three age groups (< 40, 40-59, and ≥ 60 years). A multifactor logistic regression analysis was used to analyze correlations between the two groups. RESULTS: Among 149 patients with primary breast cancer, the average age was 48.20 ± 12.06 years, and the proportion of patients at 40-59 years old was the highest, accounting for 61.8% of cases. The molecular type was mainly luminal B type, accounting for 69.2% of cases, and at the time of diagnosis, the tumor stage was mainly stage I/II, accounting for 62.4% of cases. There were no statistically significant differences in the distributions of tumor location, pathological type, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, stage, or molecular classification among the three age groups (< 40, 40-59, and ≥ 60 years) (P ≥ 0.05). The differences in the distribution of distant metastasis among the three age groups (< 40, 40-59, and ≥ 60 years) were statistically significant (P < 0.01). The differences in lactation time, history of familial malignant tumors, history of gynecological diseases, and history of thyroid diseases between the two groups were not statistically significant (P ≥ 0.05). The differences in age at disease diagnosis, age at menarche, and history of surgery for benign breast lesions were statistically significant (P < 0.01). The difference in age at first birth was also statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The highest incidence of breast cancer in the Zhuhai-Macao region is present among women aged 40-59 years. There is a larger proportion of stage I/II patients, and the luminal B type is the most common molecular subtype. Distant metastasis occurs mainly in the ≥ 60-year-old group at the first diagnosis; increased age, late age at menarche, and late age at first birth may be risk factors for primary breast cancer, and a history of surgery for benign breast lesions may be a protective factor for primary breast cancer.

[Effect of Dendrobium officinale superfine powder on stomach Yin deficiency model mice induced by "spicy overeating"].

Dendrobium officinale is a traditional Chinese medicine for nourishing Yin and benefiting stomach. Its superfine powder has many advantages, such as good dissolution, high utilization rate, strong integrity and easy to use. However, the researches on effect of D. officinale superfine powder on stomach Yin deficiency model are still not sufficient. In this experiment, we explored the effect of D. officinale superfine powder in mice model with stomach Yin deficiency caused by "spicy overeating", and provided certain reference value for its application in gastrointestinal diseases. Male ICR mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group, Yiweitang group, omeprazole group, and D. officinale superfine powder high, medium and low dose groups. The mixture of wine and pepper liquid was given by gavage administration for 30 d, and the corresponding drug was given for 60 d while the model was conti-nued. The body weight, food intake, water intake, fecal moisture content and particle number, foot temperature of mice were measured. The levels of serum gastrin(Gas), motilin(MTL) and somatostatin(SS) were measured by ELISA. Gastric histomorpho-logy was observed by HE staining. The expression levels of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) were determined by immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 associated X protein(Bax) in gastric tissues were detected by Western blot. The results showed that D. officinale superfine powder could increase the food intake, water intake, fecal moisture content and particle number, reduce the foot temperature, improve the pathological changes of gastric mucosa, reduce the expression of NF-κB, COX-2 protein in gastric tissues, and increase the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. D. officinale superfine powder can "nourish Yin and benefit the stomach", improve the syndrome of stomach Yin deficiency, such as "hunger but not want to eat, dry mouth but not want to drink, hand and feet hot, constipation", and reduce the damage of gastric mucosa. The mechanism may be related to regulating the secretion of gastrointestinal hormones, inhibiting the inflammation of gastric tissues and promoting the apoptosis of abnormal cells in gastric tissues.

[Effect of Dendrobium officinale on Yin deficiency constipation induced by warm-drying medicine in mice].

Dendrobium officinale is a sacred product for nourishing Yin and has a clear "thick gastrointestinal" effect. Modern pharmacological studies had found that it could improve gastrointestinal function. This study observed the improvement effect of D. officinale on constipation model mice with Yin deficiency caused by warm-drying medicine. It provided experimental basis for the treatment of Yin deficiency constipation. The male and female ICR mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group, D. officinale high, medium and low dose groups(0.6, 0.4, 0.2 g·kg~(-1)), and phenolphthalein tablets group. The model mice of Yin deficiency constipation were established by gavage with warm-drying medicine. The overall state and body temperature of the mice were observed and recorded. The number of feces, feces weight, fecal moisture content and intestinal propulsion were measured. The morphological damage of colon tissue was observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) in the colon was detected by Western blot and immunohistochemical method. The expression of iNOS mRNA in the colon was detected by Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the serum cyclic guanosine phosphate(cGMP) level was detected the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The results showed that D. candidum could reduce the body temperature of mice with Yin deficiency constipation, increase the number of feces, wet feces, dry feces and intestinal propulsion ability, reduce the expression of iNOS protein and mRNA in the colon, and reduce the content of cGMP in the serum. It showed that D. candidum could improve the symptoms of Yin deficiency constipation mice caused by warm-drying medicine, and the mechanism may be related to reducing the expression of iNOS in the colon and increasing intestinal motility.

Self-assembled aggregations in Coptidis Rhizoma decoction dynamically regulate intestinal tissue permeability through Peyer's patch-associated immunity.

Objective: To investigate the dynamic regulation of self-assembled aggregations (SAA) in Coptidis Rhizoma decoction on the permeability of intestinal tissue and the mechanism underlying. Methods: The effects of SAA on berberine (Ber) absorption were respectively analyzed in an in situ intestinal perfusion model and in an Ussing Chamber jejunum model with or without Peyer's patches (PPs). The expression levels of ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-1 were detected by immunofluorescence to evaluate the tight junction (TJ) between intestinal epithelium cells. The expression levels of T-box-containing protein expressed in T cells, signal transducers and activators of tranion-6, retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt and forkhead box P3 in PPs were detected by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and the secretions of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-17 (IL-17) and transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) in PPs were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, to reflect the differentiation of T lymphocyte in PPs to helper T (Th) cell 1, Th2, Th17 and regulatory T (Treg) cell. To confirm the correlation between SAA in Coptidis Rhizoma decoction, PPs-associated immunity and intestinal epithelium permeability, SAA were administrated on an Ussing Chamber jejunum model with immunosuppressed PPs and evaluated its influences on intestinal tissue permeability and TJ proteins expression. Results: SAA in Coptidis Rhizoma decoction could dose-dependently promote Ber absorption in jejunum segment, with the participation of PPs. The dose-dependent and dynamical regulations of SAA on permeability of intestinal tissue and TJ proteins expression level between intestinal epithelium cells occurred along with the dynamically changed T lymphocyte differentiation and immune effectors secretion in PPs. The administration of SAA on immunosuppressed PPs exhibited dose-dependent PPs activation, inducing dynamic promotion on intestinal tissue permeability and inhibition on TJ proteins expression. Conclusion: SAA can improve the Ber absorption in small intestine, through the PPs-associated immunity induced dynamic regulation on intestinal tissue permeability and TJ proteins expression. These findings might enlighten the research of traditional Chinese medicine decoction.

[Effect of Yunkang Oral Liquid on preventing LPS-induced abortion and regulating immune tolerance in mice].

To investigate the effect of Yunkang Oral Liquid on preventing lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced abortion and regulating immune tolerance in mice,sixty normal ICR mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,Yunkang Oral Liquid high,middle and low dose groups and progesterone group.Abortion model was established by tail vain injection of LPS(0.1µg/mouse)on the 7th day of pregnancy.Since the first day of pregnancy,the same volume of distilled water,Yunkang Oral Liquid at the dose of 36,18 and 9 m L·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),and progesterone at the dose of 0.038 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)were given in corresponding groups.The mice were sacrificed at the 9th day of pregnancy,and the embryo loss of each group was calculated.The levels of Th1 type cytokines(TNF-α,IFN-γ)and Th2 type cytokines(IL-4,IL-10)in uterus homogenate were detected by ELISA.HE staining was performed to examine the histopathological changes in the decidua.The expression levels of CD14,F4/80 in macrophages of uterus were detected by immunohistochemistry.Western blot was used to investigate the protein expression of TLR4,MyD88 and NF-κB in uterine decidua.In our study,all Yunkang Oral Liquid groups could significantly reduce the embryo absorption rate of mice,while high dose group can significantly increase the levels of IL-10 and IL-4;both medium and high dose groups can significantly decrease TNF-α,and IFN-γlevelsin the uterus of model mice,reduce the protein expression of NF-κB,MyD88 and TLR4 in uterine decidua tissue.Various treatment groups could reduce the counts of F4/80,CD14 macrophages and decrease expression area in uterine tissue.Our results showed that Yunkang Oral Liquid could prevent LPS-induced abortion,and the mechanism may be associated with inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and regulating the balance of Th1/Th2 immune factors,which could improve the endometrial receptivity of mice,and promote the development of decidua and implantation of embryo.

Growth performance, innate immune responses and disease resistance of fingerling blunt snout bream, Megalobrama amblycephala adapted to different berberine-dietary feeding modes.

A 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of different berberine-dietary feeding modes on growth, non-specific immune responses and disease resistance of blunt snout bream, Megalobrama amblycephala. Fish (average initial weight 4.70 ± 0.02 g) were fed two fat levels (5% and 10%) diets in three berberine-feeding modes (supplementing 50 mg/kg berberine continuously, two-week or four-week intervals) with four replicates, respectively. Then, fish were challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila and mortality was recorded for the next 96 h after feeding trial. The results showed that different feeding modes of berberine significantly influenced growth, innate immunity and antioxidant capability of fish. Fish fed normal diet with 50 mg/kg berberine at two-week interval mode reflected remarkably (P < 0.05) high weight gain (WG). Plasma TC and TG contents were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased. The lysozyme (LYZ) activities, complement component 3 (C3) and complement component 4 (C4) concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) increased. Fish not only exhibited relatively low hepatopancreas malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid peroxide (LPO) contents, but also significantly (P < 0.05) improved superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. Fish mortality after challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila was decreased. Same results were also presented in fish fed high-fat diet with 50 mg/kg berberine at two-week, four-week intervals or continuous feeding modes. Based on fish healthy improvement and feeding cost saving, blunt snout bream fed normal diet with 50 mg/kg berberine at two-week interval or fed high-fat diet with berberine at two-week or four-week intervals were optimal feeding mode, respectively.