Effects of soyhulls with different particle size on the growth performance, blood indices and gut microbiota of yellow feather broilers.

1. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of soyhulls with different particle sizes on the growth performance, blood indices and gut microbiota of yellow feather broilers.2. Total of 240 healthy, one-day-old, yellow feather broilers were randomly divided into four groups, with six pen replicates within each group and ten birds per pen. The control group birds were fed the basal diet (Control). For the treatment groups, 5% soyhulls with different particle sizes were included in the basal diet. The particle size geometric mean diameters (dgw) of the soyhulls in the three treatment groups were 299.69 µm (LowPS), 489.85 µm (MediumPS) and 734.83 µm (HighPS) with geometric standard deviation (Sgw) 1.75 µm, 1.62 µm and 1.67 µm, respectively.3. Results showed that the growth performance variables and organ indices were not different among the four groups. The MediumPS group had increased TG, T-CHO, ALT, HDL-C, and GSH-PX levels and decreased T-AOC levels, whereas LowPS and HighPS groups had increased HDL-C and GSH-PX levels (p < 0.05). Microbial diversity analysis showed that the intestinal microbiota of yellow feather broilers mainly included Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Inclusion of 5% soyhulls with different particle size had no effect on alpha diversity indices of caecal microbiota. The HighPS group had significantly higher relative abundance of Firmicutes spp. and lower Bacteroidetes spp. compared with the LowPS and MediumPS group but this was not different from the Control group. The relative abundance of Cyanobacteria spp. was significantly higher in the HighPS group than the other three groups. LEfSe analysis showed that there were more enriched biomarker taxa in the groups with soyhulls than the control group.4. Overall, the inclusion of soyhulls with different particle sizes had limited effects on growth performance, blood indices and caecal microbiota composition of yellow feather broilers.

[Associations of blood pressure change with change in foods' intake among adults with mild to moderate hypertension].

Objective: To explore the association between the intake and changes in various types of food and the changes in blood pressure in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. Methods: Mild to moderate hypertension participants with complete baseline and outcome data were included from DECIDE-Diet study, a multicenter, randomized controlled trial. Dietary records and blood pressure measurements at both 7-day run-in (baseline) and 28-day intervention phases were collected for enrolled participants. Blood pressure change was defined as the difference between blood pressure at the end of trial and the baseline blood pressure. Baseline intake of food was the average daily intake during the run-in period, and the intake increment was defined as the difference between the average intake during the trial period and the average intake during the run-in period. After adjusting for age, sex, study center, intervention groups, baseline body mass index (kg/m2), antihypertension medication use, and baseline total calorie intake, a linear regression model was used to analyze the associations of the before-after-intervention change in blood pressure with baseline intake and intake increment of foods. Results: A total of 258 patients with mild to moderate hypertension were included, including 133 males, aged (56.5±9.9) years. (1) After adjusting for confounding factors, there was no significant association between baseline intake of food and baseline blood pressure (all P>0.05). The blood pressure change was negatively associated with baseline intakes of tubers, vegetables, and vegetable oils but positively with baseline intake of meats; and was negatively associated with intake increment of whole grains and fish (all P<0.05). (2) The multiple linear regression analysis showed that baseline intake of vegetables (ß=-0.021, P=0.004), vegetable oils (ß=-0.260, P=0.002), and increment in intake of fish (ß=-0.128, P=0.026) were all significantly associated with changes in systolic blood pressure; baseline intake of vegetables (ß=-0.017, P=0.002), vegetable oils (ß=-0.182, P=0.001), dairy products (ß=0.021, P=0.022), and increment in intake of fish (ß=-0.092, P=0.010) were all significantly associated with changes in diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion: Increasing the intake of whole grains, vegetables, vegetable oils, and fish and decreasing the intake of meat may be beneficial for blood pressure control in patients with mild to moderate hypertension.

[Periconceptional maternal homocysteine and birth weight outcomes in offspring: a prospective cohort study].

Objective: To quantify the associations between periconceptional maternal homocysteine (HCY) and offspring's birth weight and risk of small for gestational age (SGA) infant. Methods: The 19 984 mother-child pairs in this prospective cohort study were recruited from the Shanghai preconception cohort; the infants were delivered from 1st September 2016 to 11th November 2022. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect the mothers' demographic information, medical history, dietary supplement use, and maternal complications during pregnancy, and their serum samples were collected. Serum HCY, folate, and vitamin B12 were measured using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay based on serum sample drawn at enrollment. Birth weight data were obtained from medical records. Multiple imputation methods were applied to handle missing data in key variables. Multivariable linear regression and Poisson regression models were used to analyze the relationship between maternal HCY concentration during the periconceptional period and the birth weight and SGA risk of the offspring. Results: A total of 9 452 pairs were enrolled preconceptionally and the remaining 10 532 pairs were enrolled in early pregnancy. The proportion of mothers whose pregnancy age was greater than 35 years was 9.2% (1 832/19 984), the proportion of primiparous women was 76.5% (15 283/19 984), the proportion of pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity was 14.0% (2 804/19 984), the proportion of using folic acid supplements before pregnancy was 21.4% (4 272/19 984), and the proportion of those who supplemented with folic acid during early pregnancy was 85.2% (8 976/10 532); gestational diabetes mellitus was in 6.2% (1 245/19 984), gestational hypertensive syndrome in 3.6% (711/19 984). The birth weight of the offspring was (3 297±468) g, and there were 1 962 SGA children (9.8%). The HCY concentration in the overall population in appropriate for gestational age during the periconceptional period was (7.9±3.2) µmol/L, with (8.3±3.7) µmol/L in the preconception subgroup and (7.3±2.4) µmol/L in the early pregnancy subgroup. After adjustment for the covariates of perinatal demographic information, adverse pregnancy outcomes, serum folate and vitamin B12, increased maternal periconceptional HCY was significantly associated with lower offspring birth weight (ß=-2.30, 95%CI -4.43--0.16, P=0.035). Only the early pregnancy subgroup was significantly associated with lower offspring birth weight (ß=-7.39, 95%CI-11.50--3.21, P<0.001). No association was found between peripregnancy HCY and offspring SGA risk. However, elevated HCY in early pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of SGA in the offspring (RR=1.05, 95%CI 1.01-1.08, P=0.002). Periconceptional vitamin B12 was a mediator of the association between HCY and offspring birth weight, accounting for 16.5%, 41.2% and 5.4% of its total effect in the overall periconceptional population, the pre-pregnancy subgroup and the early pregnancy subgroup, respectively. Conclusions: Maternal periconceptional HCY level is associated with lower birth weight in offspring, but not with the risk of SGA. Elevated maternal HCY in early pregnancy subgroup may be associated with increased risk of SGA in offspring.

Effects of different dietary vitamin D combinations during the grower phase and the feed restriction phase on growth performance and sternal morphology, mineralization, and related genes expression of bone metabolism in Pekin ducks.

Our study aimed to investigate the effects of different dietary vitamin D (VD) combinations during the grower (1-32 d of age) and feed restriction (33-52 d of age) phases on growth performance. We also evaluated sternal morphology, mineralization, and related genes expression of bone metabolism as well as absorption of calcium and phosphorous in duodenal mucosa and kidney in Pekin ducks. During the grower phase, we used 2 VD regimes (Group A: 3,160 IU/kg VD3; Group B: 400 IU/kg VD3 + 69 µg/kg 25-OH-D3). Each dietary treatment had 50 replicate pens of 10 ducks per pen. During the feed restriction phase, 30 replicate pens selected from Group A and Group B, repetitively, were redivided into 5 different dietary VD regimes to form a 2 × 5 experimental design. Each group consisted of 6 replicates, each with 10 ducks. During the feed restriction phase, we evaluated 5 different dietary VD combinations were as follows: T1: 2,000 IU/kg VD3 ; T2: 5,000 IU/kg VD3; T3: 3,620 IU/kg VD3 + 34.5 µg/kg 25-OH-D3; T4: 2,240 IU/kg VD3 + 69 µg/kg 25-OH-D3; T5: 1,800 IU/kg VD3 + 80 µg/kg 25-OH-D3). Results showed that Group B combinations with T5 had a better growth performance and breast meat deposition (P < 0.1). Regardless of 5 dietary VD regimes during the feed restriction phase, Group B significantly increased (P < 0.05) 52 d sternal depth and tended to increase (P < 0.1) 52 d sternal defatted weight, ash content, and phosphate (P) content of ducks. A significant interactive effect (P < 0.05) was observed on the mRNA abundance of DMP1 and Sost1 as well as RANKL/OPG in sternum and of VDR in duodenal mucosa of ducks at 52 d of age between dietary VD combinations during 2 phases. These results indicated that dietary VD regimes during the grower phase could affect the effectiveness of dietary VD regimes during the feed restriction phases; Dietary VD combinations of both phases could affect the genes expression of bone formation and the absorption as well as reabsorption of calcium and phosphorus in duodenum and kidney.

[Mechanism of Qingluo Tongbi Formula for regulating immune-bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of Qingluo Tongbi formula for regulating "immune-bone erosion" in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: Sixty-four RA patients were randomized into two groups to receive treatment with oral methotrexate or Qingluo Tongbi Formula for 12 weeks. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the changes in the percentages of CD3-CD19+, CD19+CD27 and CD19+BAFFR+B cell subpopulations in peripheral blood of the patients, and serum levels of B cell activating factor (BAFF), RANKL, RANK and osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels were detected using ELISA. Before and after the treatment, serum levels of ß-CTX, TRACP-5b, BGP, BALP, and PINP were measured with ELISA, and bone mineral density was determined with DXEA dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. In the cell experiment, RAW264.7 cells were induced to differentiated into osteoclasts and treated with Qingluo Tongbi Formula at low-, moderate and high doses (125, 250 and 500 µg/mL, respectively) or with methotrexate (2 µg/mL) for 48 h, and the changes in the expression levels of RANKL, RANK, OPG and c-Fos were detected using Western blotting. RESULTS: The B cell subgroups in RA patients were correlated with the RANKL/RANK/OPG system. Treatment with Qingluo Tongbi Formula obviously down-regulated the percentages of the B cell subgroups, lowered serum levels of BAFF, ß-CTX and TRACP-5b, increased the levels of BGP, BALP and PINP, and improved lumbar bone density of RA patients (P<0.05); All these changes were significantly correlated with the regulation of B cell expressions (P<0.05). In RAW264.7 cells-derived osteoclasts, Qingluo Tongbi Formula significantly decreased the expressions of RANKL, RANK and c-Fos and increased the expression of OPG (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Qingluo Tongbi Formula inhibits bone erosion in RA possibly by regulating B cell subset percentages and BAFF expression and inhibiting osteoclast differentiation via the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway.

Effects of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate Supplementation on Older Adults with Sarcopenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.

OBJECTIVES: Sarcopenia is recognized as a major public health concern because of its association with several adverse health events. Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation reportedly delays the loss of muscle mass and function; however, the effect of HMB on sarcopenia remains inconclusive. We aimed to evaluate the impact of HMB intervention on muscle strength, physical performance, body compositions, and inflammatory factors in older adults with sarcopenia. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: This study included subjects aged ≥60 years with sarcopenia which were assigned to the HMB group (HMBG, n=18) and the placebo group (PG, n=16). INTERVENTION: The HMBG and PG were supplied with HMB and placebo products twice daily for 12 weeks, and both received resistance exercise training twice a week in 12 weeks. MEASUREMENTS: Hand grip strength was selected as the primary outcome; gait speed, five-time chair stand test, body composition and inflammatory indicators were selected as the secondary outcomes. The differences in changes from baseline between the two groups were analyzed using the analysis of covariance(ANCOVA). RESULTS: After the 12-week intervention, the HMBG demonstrated significantly greater improvements in handgrip strength (4.61(95%CI:2.93,6.28) kg, P<0.001), gait speed (0.11(95%CI:0.02,0.20)m/s, P=0.014), five-time chair stand test (-3.65 (95%CI:-5.72, -1.58)s, P=0.001), muscle quality (2.47(95%CI:1.15,3.80),kg.kg-1 P=0.001) and tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (-15.23(95%CI:-29.80,-0.66)pmol/mL, P=0.041) compared with the PG; no significant differences in skeletal muscle mass, skeletal muscle index, and other body composition parameters were found between the two groups. CONCLUSION: In older adults with sarcopenia, HMB significantly enhance the effect of resistance exercise training on muscle strength, physical performance, muscle quality, and reduced inflammatory factors. Therefore, HMB supplementation could be an effective treatment for sarcorpenia. The trial protocol was registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=47571 as ChiCTR2000028778.

Efficacy of psychological interventions for dysmenorrhea: a meta-analysis.

Dysmenorrhea is pelvic pain associated with menstruation and is one of the most common pain conditions among reproductive-age women. It is commonly treated with medications, complementary and alternative medicine, and self-management techniques. However, there is increased focus on psychological interventions which modify thoughts, beliefs, emotions, and behavioral responses to dysmenorrhea. This review examined the efficacy of psychological interventions on dysmenorrhea pain severity and interference. We conducted a systematic search of the literature using PsycINFO, PubMed, CINHAL, and Embase. A total of 22 studies were included; 21 examined within-group improvement (ie, within-group analysis) and 14 examined between-group improvement (ie, between-group analysis). Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted on pain severity and interference, with average effect sizes calculated using Hedges's g. Within-group analyses showed decreased pain severity and interference at post-treatment (g = 0.986 and 0.949, respectively) and first follow-up (g = 1.239 and 0.842, respectively). Between-group analyses showed decreased pain severity at post-treatment (g = 0.909) and decreased pain severity and interference at first follow-up (g = 0.964 and 0.884, respectively) compared to control groups. This review supports the efficacy of psychological interventions for dysmenorrhea, but conclusions are tempered by suboptimal methodological quality of the included studies and high heterogeneity across studies. Additional, rigorous research is needed to determine the clinical utility of psychological interventions for dysmenorrhea.

Effect of Sandblasting with Fluorapatite Glass-ceramic Powder and Chemical Primers/Adhesives on Shear Bond Strength of Indirect Repairing Composite to Zirconia.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of sandblasting with fluorapatite glass-ceramic (FGC) powder on zirconia surface roughness, crystallinity, and shear bond strength (SBS) of indirect repairing composite to zirconia using different primers/adhesives. METHODS: Zirconia blocks were treated as follows: no treatment (control group), blasting with 30-µm silica-coated alumina (CoJet group), and blasting with FGC powder (FGC group). The surface topography, silica content, roughness, and crystallinity of treated zirconia surfaces were analyzed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), an optical profilometer, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Four primers/adhesives (Monobond Plus, Calibra Silane, Futurabond M+, and Scotchbond Universal) were compared to bond precured resin composite to zirconia groups using Multilink Automix resin cement. Bonded specimens were thermocycled for 10,000 cycles and tested in SBS and the modes of failure were recorded. The effect of different surface treatments and primers/adhesives on SBS results were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests (α=0.05). RESULTS: Both CoJet and FGC groups showed rough surfaces with a higher content of silica in FGC, but less monoclinic crystals, compared to the CoJet group. The highest mean SBS was found in the FGC group treated with Monobond Plus compared to CoJet and Control groups. Adhesive failure was predominant in control groups, while combined failure was found in the CoJet and FGC groups regardless of the primers/adhesives employed. CONCLUSION: Sandblasting zirconia with FGC powder increased SBS of resin composite to zirconia with lower monoclinic phase transformation compared to CoJet sand. Monobond Plus reported the highest means of SBS values compared to other primers/adhesives.

Prediction of active ingredients and mechanism of Siwei Jianbu decoction in the treatment of atherosclerosis by network pharmacology.

OBJECTIVE: Siwei Jianbu Decoction (SJD) has been shown to be effective in treating atherosclerosis (AS). However, its mechanism is still unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The active compounds and targets of SJD were identified from the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. The target genes of AS were obtained from the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), GeneCards, DrugBank, and Therapeutic Target (TTD) databases. Interactions between drug and disease targets were analyzed to obtain common targets. Subsequently, "herb-compound-target" and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed and analyzed using the Cytoscape software. Thereafter, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed by DAVID online database. Then, the results were visualized by R software. Finally, molecular docking was performed using AutoDockTools and PyMOL software. RESULTS: A total of 61 active compounds and 377 target genes were identified for SJD, as well as 726 target genes for AS. Interactive analyses revealed 126 common genes between SJD and AS. Quercetin, ellagic acid, baicalein, and kaempferol were the 4 key compounds in SJD. Moreover, eight key targets, namely TNF, SRC, RELA, AKT1, STAT3, JUN, MAPK1 and FOS were found. Results from enrichment analysis indicated that the MAPK pathway may play an important role. The analysis of molecular docking revealed that the key compounds formed strong bonds with their corresponding key targets. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that SJD could prevent AS by inhibiting the expression of genes associated with MAPK pathway such as MAPK1, RELA, and FOS.

Effects of honeycomb extract on the growth performance, carcass traits, immunity, antioxidant function and intestinal microorganisms of yellow bantam broilers.

Although many studies have already described the physiological effects of bee products, such as honey, propolis, pollen, and royal jelly, on livestock farming, the health benefits of the honeycomb are still not fully understood. The problem of drug residues and bacterial resistance caused by the abuse of antibiotics is becoming increasingly serious. For this reason, a safe, green substitute has to be sought. We conducted a comparative study of honeycomb extract (HE) and an antibiotic on growth performance, carcass traits, immunity, antioxidant function and intestinal microorganisms of yellow bantam broilers. A total of four hundred eighty 21-day-old female yellow bantam broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups of 6 replicates of 16 birds each. The 5 groups were as follows, with birds receiving a basal diet supplemented with 150 ppm (mg/kg) of chlortetracycline (CTE), a basal diet without HE (control group), and a basal diet with 0.1%, 0.15%, or 0.2% HE for 60 days. The results showed that HE addition significantly increased average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), decrease feed gain ratio (F/G) from 21 to 80 and 51 to 80 days of age compared to the control group, with all 3 HE addition groups having statistically identical values to the antibiotic group. HE implementation dramatically increased spleen index, serum immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM,), glutathione peroxide (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and total cecum bacteria and Lactobacillus compared to the control group, numerically at the same level as, or even better than, the antibiotic group. HE and CTE both markly reduced serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration compared to the control group, with higher concentrations of HE reducing the effect more dramatically than antibiotics. Both HE and CTE significantly raised dressed yield compared to the control group. In summary, HE, as a potential antibiotic alternative, improved growth performance, carcass traits, immune function, serum antioxidant capacity and intestinal microorganisms in yellow bantam broilers. According to the cubic regression analyses, the recommended supplemental dose of HE was calculated to be 0.15 to 0.17% for female yellow bantam broilers between 21 and 80 d of age.

[Histiocyte-rich rhabdomyoblastic tumor: a clinicopathological and molecular genetic analysis].

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathologic and molecular genetic characteristics, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of histiocyte-rich rhabdomyoblastic tumor (HRRMT). Methods: The clinical data of two cases of HRRMT diagnosed in Fujian Provincial Hospital and Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated People's Hospital from 2020 to 2021 were collected. Histopathology and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining were used to assess morphological changes; the genetic changes were analyzed with next-generation sequencing. The relevant literature was reviewed. Results: Both cases showed well-defined solid nodules and soft masses. Microscopically, the tumors had a fibrous pseudocapsule with lymphocytic aggregation, and locally invaded the surrounding skeletal muscle tissue, and the tumor cells were fusiform to epithelioid with an intensive foamy histiocytic infiltrate. No necrosis or mitosis was observed. Immunophenotyping showed the tumor cells were positive for desmin, either one or both skeletal muscle markers (myogenin or MyoD1), and negative for h-caldesmon, ALK and SMA. The Ki-67 index was<5%. Using next-generation sequencing, one case was found to harbour KRAS (G12D) and MSH3 (Q470*) mutations. Conclusions: HRRMT is a newly described skeletal muscle tumor with uncertain malignant potential. Its diagnosis and differential diagnosis depend on morphologic and IHC staining. No specific molecular genetics changes have been identified so far.

Odontogenesis by Endocytosis of Peptide Embedding Bioactive Glass Composite.

Limited therapeutic options are available for treating deep caries. Those materials with potential of a dual effect to remineralize hard tissue and regenerate defective dentin tissues could be used as a new strategy for deep caries treatment. However, the application of the single component remains a challenge mainly because they lack calcium and phosphorus, are easily degraded, and are difficult to retain in the intricate body fluid environment. Considering the abundant source of calcium and phosphorus as well as the delivery performance of mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG), an amelogenin-derived peptide (QP5), which has a significant role in hard tissue remineralization, was loaded to fabricate a novel composite. After the synthesis of highly ordered MBG using a sol-gel method, the QP5 peptide was loaded increasingly by its extensive porous structure and enhanced electrostatic absorption. When used in an acidic environment, the MBG/QP5 composite presented pH-responsiveness, releasing therapeutic ions and functional peptides in a sequential cascade, and eventually adjusted the pH to a neutral state. The composite was internalized by dental pulp cells through a clathrin-mediated pathway and influenced by cell membrane lipid raft regulation. It could be also transported through the macro-pinocytotic pathway. Compared to the single treatment of peptide QP5 in 48 h, the composite facilitated a higher level of retention of the intracellular peptides. The composite further promoted migration and odontogenesis of dental pulp cells, including the improved activity of alkaline phosphatase, increased formation of mineralized nodules, and upregulated expression of mineralization-related genes compared to using MBG or QP5 alone. The composite further induced the dentin-like layer in a rat pulp capping model. The results suggested that this intelligent material with pH-responsiveness provides a promising alternative treatment method for biomimetic restoration of deep caries.

[Research advances of music therapy and its application in the field of burn treatment].

Different from other trauma, the scar and pigmentation formed after healing of burn wound not only hinder beauty but also easily lead to a series of sequential psychological problems, such as depression and anxiety. Music therapy, as a supplementary treatment, is widely used in many fields including medical and health care and psychological regulation. However, affected by factors such as medical resources, the awareness and acceptance of music therapy among burn treatment workers in China are still low. Based on the clinical characteristics of burns, this paper matches the applicability of music therapy with it, summarizes the supplementary application of music therapy in the field of burn treatment, expounds this natural science with both science and aesthetics, and puts forward feasible suggestions for its future development.

First Report of Seedling Stem Rot on Jinxianlian (Anoectochilus roxburghii) Caused by Fusarium oxysporum in China.

Anoectochilus roxburghii is an important Chinese herbal medicine plant belonging to Orchidaceae and known as Jinxianlian. This orchid is cultivated and mostly adopted to treat diabetes and hepatitis. About 2 billion artificially cultivated seedlings of Jinxianlian are required each year and approximately $600 million in fresh A. roxburghii seedlings is produced in China. From 2011, sporadic occurrence of stem rot on Jinxianlian have been observed in greenhouses in Jinhua City (N29°05', E119°38'), Zhejiang Province. In 2018, nearly 30% of seedlings of Jinxianlian grown in greenhouse conditions were affected by stem rot in Jinhua City. Symptoms initially occurred in the stem at the soil line causing dark discoloration lesions, rotted tissues, wilting, and eventually leading to the death of the plants. A total of 23 diseased seedlings collected from seven different greenhouses were surface sterilized with 1.5% sodium hypochlorite for 3 min, then rinsed in water. Pieces of tissues disinfected from each sample were plated on 2% potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubated at 25°C in the dark for 5 days (Kirk et al. 2008). A total of 19 isolates were recovered. They developed colonies with purple mycelia and beige or orange colors after 7 days of incubation under 25°C on PDA and carnation leaf agar (CLA) media (Kirk et al. 2008; Zhang et al. 2016). Colonies on PDA had an average radial growth rate of 3.1 to 4.0 mm /d at 25°C. Colony surface was pale vinaceous, floccose with abundant aerial mycelium. On CLA, aerial mycelium was sparse with abundant bright orange sporodochia forming on the carnation leaves. Microconidia were hyaline and oval-ellipsoid to cylindrical (3.7 to 9.3 × 1.3 to 2.9 µm) (n=19). Macroconidia were 3 to 5 septate and fusoid-subulate with a pedicellate base (27.4 to 35.6 × 3.2 to 4.2 µm) (n=19). These morphological features were consistent with Fusarium oxysporum (Sun et al. 2008; Lombard et al., 2019). To confirm the identification based on these morphological features, the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and translation elongation factor1 (TEF) were amplified from the DNA of 3 out of 19 isolates chosen at random respectively using the set primer ITS1/ITS4 and EF1/ EF2 (Sun, S., et al. 2018; Lombard et al., 2019). BLAST analysis revealed that the ITS sequences (OK147619, OK147620, OK147621) had 99% identity to that of F. oxysporum isolate JJF2 (GenBank MN626452) and TEF sequence (OK155999, OK156000, OK156001) had 100% identity to that of F. oxysporum isolate gss100 (GenBank MH341210). A multilocus phylogenetic analysis by Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) trees based on ITS and TEF indicated that the pathogen grouped consistently with F. oxysporum. Three out of 19 isolates chosen at random were selected to evaluate pathogenicity. Uninfected healthy A. roxburghii seedlings about 40 day-old planted in sterilized substrates were sprayed with distilled water containing 2 x 106 conidia per ml suspensions as inoculums, and plants sprayed with distilled water alone served as controls. Plants were then incubated at 25°C and 85% relative humidity. Ten plants were inoculated for each isolate. After 10 days, all plants inoculated developed stem rot symptoms, while control plants remained healthy. Cultures of Fusarium spp. were re-isolated only from inoculated plants with the frequency of 100% and re-identified by morphological characteristics as F. oxysporum, fulfilling Koch's postulates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of F. oxysporum causing stem rot on A. roxburghii seedlings. As F. oxysporum is a devastating pathogenic fungus with a broad host range, measures should be taken in advance to manage stem rot of A. roxburghii.

Protective effects of lycopene on mitochondrial oxidative injury and dysfunction in the liver of aflatoxin B1-exposed broilers.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of lycopene (LYC) on mitochondrial oxidative injury and dysfunction in the liver of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-exposed broilers. A total of 192 healthy 1-day-old male broilers were randomly divided into 3 groups with 8 replicates of 8 birds each. Birds in the 3 groups were fed basal diet (control), basal diet with 100 µg/kg AFB1, and basal diet with 100 µg/kg AFB1 and 200 mg/kg LYC, respectively. The experiment lasted 42 d. The results showed that AFB1 decreased average daily body weight gain (ADG), average daily feed intake, and gain to feed ratio (G :F) compared to the control group, the LYC supplementation increased ADG and G/F compared to AFB1 group (P < 0.05). Broilers in the AFB1 group had lower mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH) concentration and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and thioredoxin reductase activities, and higher hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations than the control group (P < 0.05). The LYC increased mGSH concentration and GSH-Px and MnSOD activities, and decreased H2O2 and ROS concentrations compared to AFB1 group (P < 0.05). Broilers fed the AFB1 diet showed increased mitochondrial swelling and decreased adenosine triphosphate concentration than the control group, and LYC had opposite effects (P < 0.05). The AFB1 decreased the activities of mitochondrial electron transfer chain (ETC) complexes I, II, III, and V, downregulated the mRNA expression levels of hepatic MnSOD, thioredoxin 2, thioredoxin reductase, peroxiredoxin-3, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α, nuclear respiratory factor 1, and mitochondrial transcription factor A compared with the control group (P < 0.05), and LYC increased activities of mitochondrial ETC complexes III and V, and upregulated mRNA expression levels of these genes in comparison to AFB1 group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the LYC protected broilers from AFB1-induced liver mitochondrial oxidative injury and dysfunction by stimulating mitochondrial antioxidant capacity and maintaining mitochondrial biogenesis.

Individualized Supplement of Folic Acid Based on the Gene Polymorphisms of MTHER/MTRR Reduced the Incidence of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Newborn Defects.

BACKGROUND: The association between conventional folic acid supplement (FAS) in pregnancy and the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes, newborn defects has been proven. However, recent researches have reported a weakened association. Based on the different maternal metabolism capability of folic acid, it's beneficial for clinicians to provide pregnant women with different doses of FAS, that's individualized FAS. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 2,677 pregnant women in Dazu, Chongqing, China were recruited in this cohort study. 1,539 women volunteered to receive individualized FAS, in which FAS dose increased with the risk level of maternal genotype? specify MTHFR and MTRR (write in full then abbreviate bracket open and close) while 1,138 women received conventional FAS with unified FAS dose. Additionally, 1,964 pregnant women without FAS were retrospectively analyzed as the control. Finally, the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes and newborn defects were recorded. RESULTS: Based on the genotype of MTHFR and MTRR, women were identified as five risk levels of folic acid metabolism. The distributions of genotype and risk levels were not significantly different between FAS-individualized supplement group and FAS-unified supplement group. However, compared with control or FAS-unified supplement group, the incidence of spontaneous abortion, prolonged pregnancy, premature labor, fetal macrosomia and congenital heart disease were significantly decreased in FAS-individualized supplement group. In subgroup analysis, individualized FAS significantly improved pregnancy outcomes for women between 20-40 years old and inhibited the occurrence of newborn defects in both women of the first gestation and women of ≥2 gestations. CONCLUSIONS: The application of individualized FAS based on gene polymorphisms was more effective in preventing adverse outcomes in the mother and child.

Effect of supplementing hydroxy selenomethionine on meat quality of yellow feather broiler.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementing hydroxy selenomethionine (OH-SeMet) on performance, selenium (Se) deposition in the breast muscle, quality and oxidative stability, and expression of selenoprotein encoding genes of breast meat of the native slow-growing yellow-feathered broiler birds. A total of 375 one-day-old local yellow male birds were randomly assigned into 5 dietary treatments, supplemented with Se 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mg/kg in the form of OH-SeMet. Each treatment consisted of 5 replicates and each replicate had 15 birds, the birds were fed on basal diet containing corn and soybean meal, and the experiment lasted for 63 d. The results showed that dietary Se supplementation linearly increased (P < 0.001) Se contents in both serum and muscle, no significant changes (P > 0.05) were observed on growth performance, yield of breast, meat color, and intramuscular fat deposition of the breast muscle. Dietary Se addition improved water-holding capacity, the pH24h value, and tenderness of breast muscle, evidenced by a linear decreases of shear force (P < 0.05), accompanied by lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and higher glutathione reductase activity. The mRNA abundance of selenoprotein encoding genes also responded to dietary Se levels. It is concluded that, dietary supplementation with OH-SeMet improved muscular Se deposition and meat quality of the native yellow birds, with enhanced antioxidant capability and regulation in selenogenome.

Dietary supplementation with rumen-protected capsicum during the transition period improves the metabolic status of dairy cows.

In ruminants, it has been observed that capsicum oleoresin can alter insulin responses and that high-intensity artificial sweetener can increase glucose absorption from the small intestine. Because glucose metabolism and insulin responses are critical during early lactation, these supplements might have an effect on the metabolic status of dairy cows during the transition period. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of rumen-protected capsicum oleoresin fed alone or in combination with artificial sweetener during the transition period on lactational performance and susceptibility to subclinical ketosis in dairy cows. Fifteen primiparous and 30 multiparous Holstein cows (a total of 39 cows finished the study) were arranged in a randomized complete block design during d -21 to 60 relative to parturition. Cows within block were randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: no supplement (CON), supplementation with 100 mg of rumen-protected capsicum/cow per day (RPCap), or RPCap plus 2 g of high-intensity artificial sweetener/cow per day (RPCapS). For both the RPCap and RPCapS treatments, only rumen-protected capsicum was fed during the dry period. From d 8 to 11 of lactation, intake was limited to 70% of predicted dry matter intake to induce subclinical ketosis. Production variables were recorded daily, samples for milk composition were collected on wk 2, 4, 6, and 8, and blood samples were collected on wk -2, 1, 2, and 4 of the experiment for analysis of metabolic hormones and blood cell counts. Supplementation with rumen-protected capsicum increased serum insulin and decreased ß-hydroxybutyrate concentrations precalving, indicating a decrease in lipolysis. During the lactation period, RPCap was associated with a trend for increased milk production and feed efficiency following the ketosis challenge. Supplementation with RPCapS appeared to negate the response to rumen-protected capsicum. All cows developed subclinical ketosis during the challenge, and this was not affected by treatment. We conclude that treatments did not decrease susceptibility to subclinical ketosis; however, dietary supplementation with rumen-protected capsicum was effective at improving energy status precalving and tended to increased milk production and feed efficiency. The mechanism underlying these responses is unclear.

[Normocalcemic with elevated post-operative parathormone in primary hyperpara-thyroidism: 9 case reports and literature review].

OBJECTIVE: To summarize and analyze the clinical characteristics of primary hyperpara-thyroidism (PHPT) with normocalcemic parathormone elevation (NPE) after surgical treatment, so as to improve the therapeutic ability and standardized post-operative follow-up of PHPT patients. METHODS: Nine patients who were diagnosed with PHPT in the Department of Endocrinology of China-Japan Friendship Hospital from August 2017 to November 2019 were selected as the subjects. They all developed NPE within 6 months after surgical treatment. The clinical features and outcomes were collected and analyzed retrospectively, in addition, the related literature was reviewed. RESULTS: Clinical features: among the 9 patients, 6 were middle-aged and elderly females and 3 were male. The main clinical manifestations were bone pain, kidney stones, nausea and fatigue except for one case of asymptomatic PHPT. Pre-operative examination showed high serum calcium [(3.33±0.48) mmol/L], low serum phosphorus [0.76 (0.74, 0.78) mmol/L], high 24-hour urinary calcium [8.1(7.8, 12.0) mmol/24 h], obviously elevated intact PTH [(546.1±257.7) ng/L], vitamin D deficiency [25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (21.0±5.7) nmol/L]. Serum levels of bone alkaline phosphatase [7 patients 41.3(38.6, 68.4) µg/L, 2 patients >90 µg/L] and N-terminal midcourse osteocalcin (>71.4 µg/L) were significantly elevated. The estimated glomerular filtration rate decreased in 2 patients. Imaging examination: 7 patients had osteoporosis. Renal calculi were found in 3 patients by renal ultrasound. Imaging examination of parathyroid glands found definite lesions in all the patients, including 2 cases of multiple lesions and 7 cases of single lesions. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: two patients underwent parathyroidectomy, while other patients were treated with microwave thermal ablation. PTH increased 1 month after therapy [(255.0±101.4) ng/L], and no recurrent lesions were found by parathyroid ultrasound. After combined treatment with cal-cium and vitamin D for six months, PTH decreased significantly and the level of serum calcium remained normal at anytime during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of postoperative NPE may be related to the higher pre-operative PTH, vitamin D deficiency and lower creatinine clearance. However, NPE may not predict recurrent hyperthyroidism or incomplete parathyroidectomy. Adequate calcium and vitamin D supplementation after surgery seems to be beneficial for patients with NPE. Post-operative follow-up of PHPT patients should be standardized to prevent and treat post-operative NPE.

Curcumin decreases dibutyl phthalate-induced renal dysfunction in Kunming mice via inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis.

Curcumin (Cur) has been used extensively in dietary supplement with antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. Although dibutyl phthalate (DBP) has adverse effects on the kidney, any association between DBP exposure and the role of Cur is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that exposure to DBP has adverse consequences on renal dysfunction in mice and the potential protective role of Cur in decreasing DBP-induced renal dysfunction via inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis. Kidney function, oxidative stress biomarkers, and apoptosis factors as well as Bcl-2 and Bax were investigated. The results showed a marked increase of renal dysfunction, oxidative stress and apoptosis level after DBP exposure compared to the control. While administration of Cur to DBP-treated mice may reduce these adverse biochemical changes compared with DBP-alone group. Overall, these results suggest that oxidative stress and apoptosis are involved in DBP-induced renal disorder, whereas Cur plays a protective role in inhibiting these two pathways.