Comparison of prediction models for soy protein isolate hydrolysates bitterness built using sensory, spectrofluorometric and chromatographic data from varying enzymes and degree of hydrolysis.

The bitterness of soy protein isolate hydrolysates prepared using five proteases at varying degree of hydrolysis (DH) and its relation to physicochemical properties, i.e., surface hydrophobicity (H0), relative hydrophobicity (RH), and molecular weight (MW), were studied and developed for predictive modelling using machine learning. Bitter scores were collected from sensory analysis and assigned as the target, while the physicochemical properties were assigned as the features. The modelling involved data pre-processing with local outlier factor; model development with support vector machine, linear regression, adaptive boosting, and K-nearest neighbors algorithms; and performance evaluation by 10-fold stratified cross-validation. The results indicated that alcalase hydrolysates were the most bitter, followed by protamex, flavorzyme, papain, and bromelain. Distinctive correlation results were found among the physicochemical properties, influenced by the disparity of each protease. Among the features, the combination of RH-MW fitted various classification models and resulted in the best prediction performance.

A versatile nanoplatform for synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy and multimodal imaging against breast cancer.

Objectives: Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with unique advantages can combine multiple functionalities including imaging and therapeutic into one single platform that can provide personalized diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we fabricated a multifunctional nanocomplex for the delivery of a classic chemotherapy drug (Doxorubicin, DOX) and a near-infrared (NIR) dye (indocyanine green, ICG) based on mesoporous silica-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Hyaluronic acid (HA) was conjugated onto the surface of the nanocomplex to respond to hyaluronidase (HAase). the final complex is short for M-MSN/HA/DI.Methods: The successful synthesis of M-MSN-HA/DI nanocomplex was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and UV-vis spectrometer. The photothermal conversion efficiency and antitumor efficiency in breast cancer bearing mice were further evaluated.Results: M-MSN/HA/DI showed preeminent T2 MR and fluorescence (FL) imaging ability, and the release of DOX was accelerated in the presence of HAase. The nanocomplex generated high heat upon 808 nm NIR irradiation and efficiently induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. The in vivo studies demonstrated that the final nanocomplex can inhibit tumor growth with minimal systemic toxicity upon 808 nm NIR irradiation.Conclusion: Collectively, our work offers a preclinical proof of concept for a multifunctional drug delivery system for cancer therapy and imaging,which could achieve efficient application for cancer.

NIR-Light-Triggered Anticancer Strategy for Dual-Modality Imaging-Guided Combination Therapy via a Bioinspired Hybrid PLGA Nanoplatform.

A promising approach toward cancer therapy is expected to integrate imaging and therapeutic agents into a versatile nanocarrier for achieving improved antitumor efficacy and reducing the side effects of conventional chemotherapy. Herein, we designed a poly(d,l-lactic- co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based theranostic nanoplatform using the double emulsion solvent evaporation method (W/O/W), which is associated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) modifications, to codeliver indocyanine green (ICG), a widely used near-infrared (NIR) dye, and doxorubicin (Dox), a chemotherapeutic drug, for dual-modality imaging-guided chemo-photothermal combination cancer therapy. The resultant ICG/Dox co-loaded hybrid PLGA nanoparticles (denoted as IDPNs) had a diameter of around 200 nm and exhibited excellent monodispersity, fluorescence/size stability, and biocompatibility. It was confirmed that IDPNs displayed a photothermal effect and that the heat induced faster release of Dox, which led to enhanced drug accumulation in cells and was followed by their efficient escape from the lysosomes into the cytoplasm and drug diffusion into the nucleus, resulting in a chemo-photothermal combinatorial therapeutic effect in vitro. Moreover, the IDPNs exhibited a high ability to accumulate in tumor tissue, owing to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, and could realize real-time fluorescence/photoacoustic imaging of solid tumors with a high spatial resolution. In addition, the exposure of tumor regions to NIR irradiation could enhance the tumor penetration ability of IDPNs, almost eradicating subcutaneous tumors. In addition, the inhibition rate of IDPNs used in combination with laser irradiation against EMT-6 tumors in tumor-bearing nude mice (chemo-photothermal therapy) was approximately 95.6%, which was much higher than that for chemo- or photothermal treatment alone. Our study validated the fact that the use of well-defined IDPNs with NIR laser treatment could be a promising strategy for the early diagnosis and passive tumor-targeted chemo-photothermal therapy for cancer.

Irinotecan/IR-820 coloaded nanocomposite as a cooperative nanoplatform for combinational therapy of tumor.

AIM: To enhance synergistic therapeutic effects in breast cancer therapy. Here, we used hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a biocompatible carrier to coload chemotherapy drugs Irinotecan and near-infrared IR-820 dye, which enhanced antitumor efficacy by combining chemotherapy and phototherapy. METHODS: The successful synthesis of hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles/Irinotecan/IR820 (HMII) nanocomplex was confirmed by Fourier  transform infrared spectroscopy and Fluorescence spectra. The photothermal conversion efficiency and antitumor efficiency in murine breast cancer cells (EMT-6) bearing mice were further evaluated. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that HMII enhanced the delivery of Irinotecan and IR-820 into EMT-6 cells. HMII generated a high temperature upon a near-infrared laser irradiation (808 nm), and showed higher therapeutic efficacy in EMT-6-bearing mice compared with either HMII without laser or free drug with a laser. CONCLUSION: HMII is a desired drug codelivery system to efficiently inhibit the growth of breast cancer.