Study on the objectivity and biological mechanism of Psoralea corylifolia Linn.'s 'Great dryness damages the liver' / 药学学报

According to the theory of 'Xingben Dazao' of Psoralea corylifolia Linn. (BL), the susceptible syndromes and biomarkers of liver injury caused by BL were searched. Rat models of kidney-yin deficiency syndrome (M_yin) and kidney-yang deficiency syndrome (M_yang) were established, and all animal experimental operations and welfare following the provisions of the First Affiliated Experimental Animal Ethics and Animal Welfare Committee of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. YFYDW2020017). The results showed that BL significantly decreased the body weight, water intake, and urine weight of M_yin rats and increase the organ indexes of the liver, testis, adrenal gland, and spleen and the expression of alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Meantime, BL significantly increased the urine weight of M_yang rats and decreased the expression of ALT and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining showed that BL could aggravate inflammatory infiltration of hepatocytes in rats with M_yin and alleviate liver injury in rats with M_yang. Metabolomics identified 17 BL co-regulated significant differential metabolic markers in M_yin and M_yang rats. Among them, 8 metabolites such as glutamine, quinolinate, biliverdin, and lactosylceramide showed opposite trends, mainly involving cysteine and methionine metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, purine metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, glycerol phospholipid metabolism, glutamine metabolism, and other pathways. M_yin/M_yang may be the susceptible constitution of BL for liver damage or protection, which may be related to the regulation of amino acid metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism. The study can provide some experimental data support for the safe and accurate use of BL in the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine.

Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Material for Multiple Myeloma: Current Evidence and Future Directions.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by clonal expansion of plasma cells in bone marrow, leading to the overproduction of monoclonal immunoglobulins. The clinical manifestations resulting from monoclonal proteins and malignant cells include signs of end-organ damage, such as hypercalcemia, renal failure, anemia, and bone lesions. Despite improvement in the survival of MM patients with use of myeloma-targeted and immunomodulatory therapies, MM remains an incurable disease. Moreover, patients with relapsed or refractory MM show poor survival outcomes. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of traditional Chinese medicinal materials (TCMMs) for management of a wide spectrum of diseases. The bioactive ingredients derived from TCMMs hold great potential for the development of anticancer drugs. Here we summarize the evidence of the pharmacological effects of the active components in TCMMs on MM, including curcumin, resveratrol, baicalein, berberine, bufalin, cinobufagin, gambogic acid, ginsenoside, icariin, daidzin, formononetin, polysaccharides extracts from Hedyotis difus, and scutellarein. Available evidence indicates that the anti-MM effects of these bioactive ingredients are mediated via regulation of proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle, osteogenic differentiation, and drug resistance. In the future, the underlying mechanisms of the anti-MM effects of these components should be further investigated. Large-scale and well-designed clinical trials are also required to validate the efficacy of these bioactive constituents for MM.

2D Materials Enabled Next-Generation Integrated Optoelectronics: from Fabrication to Applications.

2D materials, such as graphene, black phosphorous and transition metal dichalcogenides, have gained persistent attention in the past few years thanks to their unique properties for optoelectronics. More importantly, introducing 2D materials into silicon photonic devices will greatly promote the performance of optoelectronic devices, including improvement of response speed, reduction of energy consumption, and simplification of fabrication process. Moreover, 2D materials meet the requirements of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible silicon photonic manufacturing. A comprehensive overview and evaluation of state-of-the-art 2D photonic integrated devices for telecommunication applications is provided, including light sources, optical modulators, and photodetectors. Optimized by unique structures such as photonic crystal waveguide, slot waveguide, and microring resonator, these 2D material-based photonic devices can be further improved in light-matter interactions, providing a powerful design for silicon photonic integrated circuits.

Identification and characterization of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) as a functional target of marine natural product grincamycin B.

Grincamycins (GCNs) are a class of angucycline glycosides isolated from actinomycete Streptomyces strains that have potent antitumor activities, but their antitumor mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we tried to identify the cellular target of grincamycin B (GCN B), one of most dominant and active secondary metabolites, using a combined strategy. We showed that GCN B-selective-induced apoptosis of human acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cell line NB4 through increase of ER stress and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Using a strategy of combining phenotype, transcriptomics and protein microarray approaches, we identified that isocitrate dehydrogenase 1(IDH1) was the putative target of GCN B, and confirmed that GCNs were a subset of selective inhibitors targeting both wild-type and mutant IDH1 in vitro. It is well-known that IDH1 converts isocitrate to 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG), maintaining intracellular 2-OG homeostasis. IDH1 and its mutant as the target of GCN B were validated in NB4 cells and zebrafish model. Knockdown of IDH1 in NB4 cells caused the similar phenotype as GCN B treatment, and supplementation of N-acetylcysteine partially rescued the apoptosis caused by IDH1 interference in NB4 cells. In zebrafish model, GCN B effectively restored myeloid abnormality caused by overexpression of mutant IDH1(R132C). Taken together, we demonstrate that IDH1 is one of the antitumor targets of GCNs, suggesting wild-type IDH1 may be a potential target for hematological malignancies intervention in the future.

Expert consensus on Tongsaimai Tablets/Capsules in treatment of peripheral vascular diseases in clinical practice / 中国中药杂志

Tongsaimai Tablets/Capsules are composed of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, Codonopsis Radix, Dendrobii Caulis, Astragali Radix, Scrophulariae Radix, and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and are effective in promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, supplementing Qi, and nourishing Yin. It is widely used in the treatment of peripheral vascular diseases. With 40 years of clinical application, it has accumulated substantial research data and application experience. Its good clinical efficacy and pharmacoeconomic benefits in improving the clinical symptoms of peripheral vascular diseases have been confirmed by relevant research. Meanwhile, this drug has also been recommended by many expert consensus, guidelines, and teaching materials, serving as one of the most commonly used Chinese patent medicines in clinical practice. To further improve the understanding of the drug among clinicians and properly guide its clinical medication, the China Association of Chinese Medicine took the lead and organized experts to jointly formulate this expert consensus. Based on the questionnaire survey of clinicians and the systematic review of research literature on Tongsaimai Tablets/Capsules with clinical problems in the PICO framework, the consensus, combined with expert experience, concludes recommendations or consensus suggestions by GRADE system with the optimal evidence available through the nominal group technique. This consensus defines the indications, usage, dosage, course of treatment, medication time, combined medication, and precautions of Tongsaimai Tablets/Capsules in the treatment of peripheral vascular diseases, and explains the safety of its clinical application. It is recommended for clinicians and pharmacists in the peripheral vascular department(vascular surgery), traditional Chinese medicine surgery(general surgery), and endocrinology department of hospitals at all levels in China.

Serum metabolomic profiling among different Traditional Chinese Medicine syndromes of patients with high-risk for diabetes foot ulceration / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To explore the metabolic regulations of different Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndromes in the diabetic patients with high risk for foot ulceration.Methods:Based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometer and multi-dimensional data processing methods, the metabolomics analysis was used to compare the serum metabolites profile of healthy people (32 cases) and the high-risk foot patients in Cold and Blood Stagnation syndrome (44 cases), Heat-toxin hurting Yin syndrome (54 cases), and Qi-Blood deficiency syndrome (33 cases), who were hospitalized at Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital from Apirl to December, 2018.Results:This study suggested that compared with healthy people, the diabetic patients with high risk for foot ulceration showed significantly lower serum level of urea [(2.41 ± 1.57)×10 5vs. (3.32 ± 2.10)×10 5], L-leucine [(4.94 ± 3.15)×10 5vs. (6.39 ± 3.57)×10 5], aspartic acid [(3.94 ± 4.48)×10 5vs. (9.62 ± 6.93)×10 5], 9H-purine [(1.74 ± 1.95)×10 5vs. (3.34 ± 2.23)×10 5] ( P<0.05 or P<0.01), while higher level of d-Glucose [(3.72 ± 1.71)×10 5vs. (2.21 ± 1.32)×10 5] and d-glucopyranose [(3.32 ± 2.10)×10 5vs. (1.35 ± 1.43)×10 5] ( P<0.01). Energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism and sugar metabolism were mainly involved. the content of L-tyrosine in the group of patients with Cold and Blood Stagnation syndromewas significantly higher than that in healthy people. The urea, purine, leucine, aspartic acidcontent in patients of Heat-toxin hurting Yin syndrome were significantly lower than that in healthy people. The purine content in patients of Qi and Blood Deficiency Syndrome was significantly lower than that in healthy people. Compared with the syndrome of Heat-toxin hurting Yin syndrome, patients in Cold and Blood Stagnation syndrome showed a significantly higher content of beta-1-galactopyranoside and butanoic acid. Compared to the Qi-Blood deficiency syndrome, serum urea level in patients of Heat-toxin hurting Yin syndrome was significantly higher than those in the patients of other two TCM syndromes. Conclusions:The serum metabolomics profiling differentiate three TCM-syndrome in high-risk DF patients, which can provide objective basis for clinical TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment of high-risk diabetic foot patients.

Therapeutic effect of compound Danshen dripping pills combined atorvastatin on coronary heart disease complicated hyperlipidemia and its influence on serum TRAIL level / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective :To explore therapeutic effect of compound Danshen dripping pills combined atorvastatin on cor-onary heart disease (CHD) complicated hyperlipidemia and its influence on serum level of tumor necrosis factor-re-lated apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL).Methods : A total of 109 CHD patients with hyperlipidemia treated in our department of cardiology were collected ,randomly divided into atorvastatin group (n＝57) and combined treatment group (n＝ 52 ,received atorvastatin combined compound Danshen dripping pills ) ,both groups were continuously treated for three months .Cardiac function ,levels of blood lipids ,serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α ,TRAIL and quality of life (QOL ) were measured and compared between two groups before and after treatment .Results :Compared with before treatment ,there were significant improvements in cardiac function and blood lipid levels , and significant reductions in serum levels of TNF-α and TRAIL in two groups after treatment , P＝0-001 all ;com-pared with atorvastatin group after treatment ,there were significant rise in cardiac output [ (4-1 ± 0-8) L／min vs. (4-9 ± 0-6) L／min] ,cardiac index [ (3-9 ± 0-6) L·min-1 ·m-2 vs.(4-2 ± 0-7) L·min-1 ·m-2 ] ,LVEF [ (52-4 ± 1-6)% vs.(59-6 ± 1-5)%] ,serum HDL-C [ (1-5 ± 0-4) mmol／L vs.(1-9 ± 0-5) mmol／L] and QOL [ (6-2 ± 0-8) scores vs .(7-1 ± 1-1) scores] ,and significant reductions in LVEDd [ (5-4 ± 0-6) cm vs.(5-0 ± 0-7) cm] ,serum levels of TC [ (4-1 ± 0-7) mmol／L vs.(3-7 ± 0-9) mmol／L] ,TG [ (1-4 ± 0-6) mmol／L vs.(1-1 ± 0-5) mmol／L] , LDL-C [ (2-9 ± 0-8) mmol／L vs .(2-4 ± 0-8) mmol／L] ,TNF-α [ (52-1 ± 12-6) ng／L vs.(41-3 ± 14-2) ng／L] and TRAIL [ (44-7 ± 24-1) pg／ml vs.(34-1 ± 26-6) pg／ml] in combined treatment group , P＜0-05 or ＜ 0-01- Conclusion : Compound Danshen dripping pills combined atorvastatin can significantly improve heart function ,re-duce blood lipid levels and improve quality of life in CHD patients with hyperlipidemia .

The Effects of Phellinus linteus Polysaccharide Extracts on Cholesterol Efflux in Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein-Loaded THP-1 Macrophages.

The removal of excess cellular cholesterol is critical for maintaining cellular cholesterol homeostasis. Phellinus linteus polysaccharide extracts (PLPEs) is an immunomudulatory agent with a molecular weight of 153 kd. Here, we analyzed the effects of PLPEs on cholesterol efflux in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-loaded THP-1 (human acute monocytic leukemia cell line) macrophages. Various concentrations of PLPEs (5, 10, 20, and 100 µg/mL) were used to treat cells. Cholesterol efflux analysis was performed to analyze the cholesterol efflux ratio in PLPE-treated cells. Semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were conducted to assess the expression of target genes. Low dose of PLPEs (5-20 µg/mL) dose dependently enhanced cholesterol efflux to apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), evidenced by promoting the expression of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette A1, ATP-binding cassette G1, and peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor γ, key regulators for cholesterol efflux. Moreover, GW9662, a potent antagonist of peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor γ, inhibited PLPE (20 µg/mL)-promoted cholesterol efflux to ApoA-I in a dose-dependent fashion. However, high dose of PLPEs (100 µg/mL) inhibited cholesterol efflux to ApoA-I from ox-LDL-loaded THP-1 macrophages, enhanced the production of superoxide anion, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels, and raised nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunits. Thus, these results indicate that low and high doses of PLPEs exhibit opposite effects on cholesterol efflux from ox-LDL-loaded THP-1 cells.

Application of mixed cloud point extraction for the analysis of six flavonoids in Apocynum venetum leaf samples by high performance liquid chromatography.

A simple, inexpensive and efficient method based on the mixed cloud point extraction (MCPE) combined with high performance liquid chromatography was developed for the simultaneous separation and determination of six flavonoids (rutin, hyperoside, quercetin-3-O-sophoroside, isoquercitrin, astragalin and quercetin) in Apocynum venetum leaf samples. The non-ionic surfactant Genapol X-080 and cetyl-trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) was chosen as the mixed extracting solvent. Parameters that affect the MCPE processes, such as the content of Genapol X-080 and CTAB, pH, salt content, extraction temperature and time were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curve for six flavonoids were all linear with the correlation coefficients greater than 0.9994. The intra-day and inter-day precision (RSD) were below 8.1% and the limits of detection (LOD) for the six flavonoids were 1.2-5.0 ng mL(-1) (S/N=3). The proposed method was successfully used to separate and determine the six flavonoids in A. venetum leaf samples.

Clinical efficacy evaluation of needle-knife for lumber disc herniation based on surface electromyography signals / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To apply needle-knife to treat lumber disc herniation (LDH) and surface electromyography were used to analyze biomechanical characteristic of patient's lumber muscle to make a comprehensive evaluation on its efficacy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty patients who met the inclusive criteria were selected and treated with needle-knife, once a week for 2 weeks. Visual analogue scale (VAS), ASLR and JOA score before and after treatment were observed. Surface electromyography was applied to test the surface electromyography signals. AEMG, MFs and MPF were calculated before and after the treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment, VAS was significantly reduced, ASLR, JOA, AEMG and MPF were obviously increased, and the absolute value of MFs was lowed (all P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The needle-knife could significantly relieve lumbar muscle strength, muscle tone and muscle fatigue, improve in the imbalance of lumbar extensor muscle group, leading to the recovery of biomechanical characteristic, and the clinical efficacy is superior.</p>

Clinical efficacy analysis of treating advanced prostate cancer by yiqi jiedu quyu recipe combined endocrine therapy / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical efficacy of yiqi jiedu quyu recipe (YJQR) combined endocrine therapy in treating advanced prostate cancer (APC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 44 APC patients were randomly assigned to the combination group (23 cases) and the control group (21 cases). All patients received endocrine therapy for treating PC in Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Urological Diseases in China. After 6 months of treatment serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), free PSA (f-PSA), hemoglobin (Hb), Tcell subsets, natural kill (NK) cells, QLQ-C30 scale, Chinese medical symptoms score, I -PSS score, as well as the incidence of tidal fever were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment the PSA, f-PSA, and Hb were improved in the combination group, showing statistical difference when compared with before treatment (P <0.05). Besides, better effects were obtained in the combination group (P <0.05, P <0.01). After treatment CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8, and NK cell levels were also improved in the combination group, showing statistical difference when compared with before treatment (P <0.05). Besides, better effects were obtained in the combination group (P <0.01). The quality of life (QOL), emotional function, Chinese medical symptoms score, and I -PSS symptom score were improved in the two groups (P <0. 05,P <0. 01). Besides, better effects in the aforesaid indices and the incidence of tidal fever were obtained in the combination group (P <0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>YJQR combined endocrine therapy could obviously improve APC patients' QOL, reduce adverse reactions of Western medical treatment, improve the immune function, and enhance therapeutic effects of endocrine therapy.</p>

Preventive effects of jinghua weikang capsule on NSAID-induced injury to the mucosa of the small intestine: an experimental research / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the preventive effects of jinghua weikang capsule (JWC) on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induced injury to the mucosa of the small intestine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, i.e., the blank control group, the model group, the JWC group, and the esomeprazole group. Diclofenac was administered to rats in the model group, the JWC group, and the esomeprazole group at the daily dose of 15 mg/kg. JWC and esomeprazole was respectively given to those in the JWC group, and the esomeprazole group one day ahead. Normal saline was given to rats in the blank control group. Rats were killed 3 days later. The pathological changes of the small intestine were observed by hematoxylin and eosin stain.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the blank control group, the general score for the small intestine (4.63 +/-0.52 vs 0.00 +/-0. 00) and the pathological score (4.00 +/-0.90 vs 0.00 +/-0. 00) obviously increased in the model group, showing statistical difference (P <0.05). Compared with the model group, the general score for the small intestine (1.88 +/-0.99) and the pathological score (2.11 +/-1.11) obviously decreased in the JWG group, showing statistical difference (P <0.05). Compared with the model group, the general score for the small intestine (2.75 +/-1.28) and the pathological score (2. 30 +/-0.94) obviously decreased in the esomeprazole group, showing statistical difference (P <0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>JWC could prevent NSAIDs induced injury to the mucosa of the small intestine.</p>

Observation on 27 elderly women in britain with lymphedema syndrome treated by acupuncture combined with medicine / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe clinical effect of acupuncture combined with medicine therapy for elderly women in Britain with lymphedema syndrome.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-seven cases were classified according to syndrome differentiation of TCM into cold congealing and dampness obstruction type (11 cases), qi-blood stagnation type (12 cases) and downward attack of damp-heat type (4 cases). They were treated with acupuncture at main points Zusanli (ST 36), Yanglingquan (GB 34), Yinglingquan (SP 9), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Taichong (LR 3), Fenglong (ST 40), Xuehai (SP 10), Fengshi (GB 31), Futu (ST 32), Liangqiu (ST 34), Weizhong (BL 40), etc., twice each week and oral administration of modified Duhuojisheng Decoction, Huangqiwuwu Decoction and Simiao San Decoction, respectively, meanwhile washing the affected limb with again decoction of remaining gruffs one medicament each day. They were treated for 12 weeks.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twelve cases were clinically cured, accounting for 44.4%, 14 cases were effective, accounting for 51.9%; and 1 case was ineffective, accounting for 3.7%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupuncture combined with medicine has a good therapeutic effect on lymphedema syndrome.</p>

Effect of yiqi wenyang huoxue recipe on bone marrow stem cells' mobilization and its influence on heart function in patients with myocardial infarction / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of Yiqi Wenyang Huoxue Recipe (YWHR) on bone marrow stem cells' mobilization and heart function of myocardial infarction (MI) patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty acute MI patients were equally assigned to the treatment group and the control group randomly according to the numeration table. Standard therapy composed of subcutaneous injection of 0.4 mL low molecular heparin every 12 h for 7 successive days combined with continuously orally taken of enteric-coated aspirin tablets 0.1 g, Perindopril 4 mg and Atorvastatin 10 mg once a day (if there was no contraindication), was given to all patients. But to the treatment group, one dose of YWHR was given every day additionally, which consisted of Panax ginseng 10 g, Radix Astragali 15 g, Radix Aconiti lateralis preparata 5 g, Radix Ilex pubesceus 30 g and Herbal Leonuri 10 g for 10 successive days. The change of CD34+ cells' count was observed. The infarcted area size was estimated with QRS scoring system at the end of the 3rd week after onset, and the heart function parameters, including left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-systolic volume index (LVESVI), left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) and wall motion score index (WMSI), were measured with ultrasonic cardiogram.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>On the fifth and tenth day, the peripheral CD34+ cell count in the treatment group (48.26 +/- 5.74 and 34.18 +/- 6.70) were significantly higher than that on the day of admission (20.33 +/- 6.01), also higher than the corresponding count in the control group (22.45 +/- 5. 31 and 19.89 +/- 5.93), showing statistical difference (P < 0.01). The QRS score (2.68 +/- 0.41) and infarcted area (22.54 +/- 2.49)% in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group (3.96 +/- 0. 34 and 29.38 +/- 2.59) respectively. Comparison of heart function parameters between groups showed that LVEF (0.59 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.50 +/- 0.07) was higher LVEDVI (68.92 +/- 11.52 vs. 78.46 +/- 13.16), LVESVI (27.47 +/- 7.86 vs. 36.71 +/- 8.85), and WMSI (2.10 +/- 0.11 vs. 2.98 +/- 0.12) were lower in the treatment group than those in the control group respectively, also showing statistical difference (all P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>YWHR has a good effect on bone marrow stem cell mobilization, it can reduce the infarcted area and improve the heart function of patients with acute MI.</p>

[Effects of testosterone and cortisol in sports fatigued organism by Chinese material medica of shixiang yaofa].

OBJECTIVE: To study the endogenous hormone of testosterone and cortisol that secretes volume and rhythm in sports fatigued human bodies and animals. To determine secretory volume and rhythm in sports fatigued human bodies and animals when Shixiang yaofa's drug are used. METHOD: Radio-immunity method was used to determine secretory volume and rhythm in sports fatigued human bodies and animals and to analyze secretory volume and rhythm. According to the secretory volume and rhythm of testosterone and cortisol, the Shixiang Yaofa's drugs were used. Doses: wenyang jihuo bead 10 g/sack 2 sack, ziyin xiuyang capsule 0.5 g/pill 8 pill pd in human bodies for 28 days. Wenyang jihuo bead 10 g x kg(-1) of crude drug, ziyin xiuyang capsule 4 g x kg(-1) of crude drug pd for hight doses in animals. Other groups for low doses 5 g x kg(-1) and 2 g x kg(-1) of crude drug pd for 15 days. The blood samples were collected for determination. RESULT: (1) In human bodies the peak value of testosterone was appeared in 8:00 and valley value was appeared in 18:00, ranges: 176.93-281.73 x 10(-5) mg x L(-1). The peak value of cortisol was appeared in 8:00 and valley value was appeared in 22:00, ranges: 1.31-16.13 x 10(-3) mg x L(-1). In the same condition, the mouse peak value of testosterone was appeared in 20:00 and valley value was appeared in 0:00, ranges: (0.56 x 10(-5) - 124.0 x 10(-5)) mg x L(-1). The rhythm in animals was compatible with human bodies, howerer, the peak value was delayed for 12 hours. (2) The testosterone was step up and the cortisol was cut down in sports fatigued human bodies and animals when shixiang yaofa's drug were used (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The secretion of testosterone and cortisol in sports fatigued human bodies and animals are existed conclusive biologic rhythm. The secretory volume can be available accommodation by shixiang yaofa's drugs.

Double-mutant dihydrofolate reductase gene transfection into bone marrow cells protects mice from chemotherapy / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the feasibility of transfecting DHFR (human double-mutant dihydrofolate reductase) gene into mouse bone marrow cells and the effect of resistance to high dose MTX chemotherapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>After DHFR gene was transfected into mouse bone marrow cells with retroviral vector, the cells were treated with methotrexate (MTX) and then CFU-GM (granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit) assay was performed. Peripheral blood leucocytes and platelets, body weight and survival rate were observed. After treatment with high dose MTX, the expression of drug resistance gene was checked by RT-PCR in the transfected bone marrow cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>SFG-F/S-NeoR gene-transfected mice bone marrow cells yielded drug-resistance colonies to MTX (donor mice: 15.8%, recipient mice: 18.0%, control: 0) The peripheral blood leucocytes and platelets, body weight recovered gradually and the survival rate was 83.3% at the 40th day, while 0 in controls in gene transfected mice after large dose MTX treatment. RT-PCR of transgenic mouse marrow cells showed the band of F/S gene (400 bp).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DHFR gene can not only be integrated and expressed in bone marrow cells but also improve their drug-resistence to MTX.</p>

Mice transduced with double-mutant dihydrofolate reductase-cytidine deaminase fusion gene attained protection from high dose chemotherapy / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the feasibility of transferring fusion gene of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene and cytidine deaminase (CD) gene into mouse bone marrow cells in order to observe the drug resistance of high dose methotrexate (MTX) and cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) in the bone marrow cells and to improve the tolerance of myelosuppression following combination chemotherapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human double-mutant dihydrofolate reductase-cytidine deaminase fusion gene was transferred into two mice bone marrow cells by retroviral vector. Resistant colony-forming unit granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) assays were performed in mouse bone marrow cells by retroviral infection and after treatment by drugs (Ara-C, MTX, and Ara-C + MTX). DNA was extracted from mouse bone marrow cells. The expression of drug resistant genes in mouse bone marrow cells after transferring by retroviral vector was checked by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Bone marrow cells after coculture with the retroviral producer cells transduced with the genes (SFG-F/S-CD) showed the drug resistance colonies yield (Colony formation after exposure to Ara-C, MTX and Ara-C + MTX were 56%, 22% and 14%, respectively) and the increase in drug resistant to both MTX and Ara-C (P < 0.005). Expression of DHFR and CD gene in extracted DNA of transfected mice were demonstrated by PCR.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Double drug resistant gene can not only integrate and co-express in mice bone marrow cells but also increase the drug resistance to MTX and Ara-C.</p>

A study on the association between tea consumption and stroke / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of the study was to investigate the association between tea consumption and stroke.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cross sectional study was conducted in autumn, 1998. The subjects were from 12 provinces in China. 15 groups of populations were selected by cluster randomized sampling and each group had about 1000 persons, aged from 35 to 60 years old. 14 212 subjects had complete data for analysis. Data regarding tea drinking would include drinking status, dose and type of teas. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between tea consumption and stroke.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was a strong inverse correlation between tea drinking and stroke after adjusting other risk factors of stroke (P < 0.05). The odds ratio (OR) of stroke was 0.60 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.42 - 0.85] for subjects who drank tea compared to those who did not. Increased amount of tea consumption per month was associated with decreased stroke prevalence. The association for tea consumption over 150 gram per month and stroke was statistically significant (P < 0.05) with an OR value of 0.56 (95% CI: 0.36 - 0.89). Analytical results indicated that the OR value was 0.24 (95% CI: 0.06 - 1.01) for black tea and other tea (P = 0.05). The OR value was 0.35 (95% CI: 0.18 - 0.72) for green tea (P < 0.01), and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.51 - 1.11) for jasmine tea (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Tea drinking was independently associated with prevalence of stroke which might play a role in the prevention of the disease.</p>