RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease of the tears and ocular surface that results in symptoms such as discomfort, visual disturbance, and tear film instability, with potential damage to the ocular surface. The principal pathological mechanisms of DED are hyperosmolarity and inflammation. These mechanisms are deeply interrelated and lead to a self-perpetuating "vicious circle". METHODS: The objective of this review is to describe novel pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for DED. RESULTS: Based on the better understanding of the physiopathology of the disease, new treatment strategies have been developed. CONCLUSION: The focus of the management of DED has been taken away from just reducing symptoms and redirected towards specific targets of its physiopathology, being inflammation the most addressed topic.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Síndromes do Olho Seco/terapia , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Suplementos Nutricionais , Síndromes do Olho Seco/metabolismo , Síndromes do Olho Seco/fisiopatologia , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Inflamação/fisiopatologia , Inflamação/terapiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To examine the effects of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 and n-6 PUFAs) in a murine model of herpetic chorioretinitis. METHODS: BALB/c mice were fed on three high fat diets, which contained: Menhaden oil (rich in n-3 PUFAs); Safflower oil (rich in n-6 PUFAs); or Corn oil (rich in saturated fatty acids) as control group, 14 days previously and until 12 days following anterior chamber (AC) HSV-1 inoculation. RESULTS: Mice fed on Menhaden oil present an early development of contralateral chorioretinitis by day 6 post-AC HSV-1 inoculation and also significant increase of RNA HSV-1 expression compared with Safflower and Corn oil groups. Furthermore, mice fed on Menhaden oil showed a significant decrease secretion of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-10 in splenic cells and both retinas. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that mice fed on Menhaden oil (n-3 PUFAs) presented an early development of contralateral chorioretinitis by day 6 post-AC HSV-1 inoculation and also a significant increase in RNA HSV-1 expression compared with animals fed on Safflower and Corn oils. This increase of HSV-1 could be associated with the higher development of chorioretinitis.