RESUMO
The vacuole is indispensable for cells to maintain their water potential and to respond to environmental changes. Nevertheless, investigations of vacuole morphology and its functions have been limited to Arabidopsis thaliana with few studies in the model crop rice (Oryza sativa). Here, we report the establishment of bright rice vacuole fluorescent reporter systems using OsTIP1;1, a tonoplast water channel protein, fused to either an enhanced green fluorescent protein or an mCherry red fluorescent protein. We used the corresponding transgenic rice lines to trace the vacuole morphology in roots, leaves, anthers, and pollen grains. Notably, we observed dynamic changes in vacuole morphologies in pollen and root epidermis that corresponded to their developmental states as well as vacuole shape alterations in response to abiotic stresses. Our results indicate that the application of our vacuole markers may aid in understanding rice vacuole function and structure across different tissues and environmental conditions in rice.
Assuntos
Aciltransferases/genética , Proteínas Luminescentes/genética , Oryza/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Vacúolos/ultraestrutura , Aciltransferases/metabolismo , Flores/genética , Flores/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Flores/metabolismo , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/genética , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/metabolismo , Proteínas Luminescentes/metabolismo , Microscopia Confocal , Oryza/genética , Oryza/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Raízes de Plantas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Raízes de Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/metabolismo , Pólen/genética , Pólen/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Pólen/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/metabolismo , Estresse Fisiológico , Vacúolos/metabolismo , Proteína Vermelha FluorescenteRESUMO
Bone metastasis from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is rare. We report a case of cutaneous SCC which was diagnosed by the presence of bone metastasis and treated with combination chemotherapy. A 53 year male had tissue contusion and persistent ulcer in the multiple regions of body for about 30 years and treat with Chinese Herbal Drugs in several hospitals, however, did not thorough cure. He was referred to our hospital for a dermatological examination in March 2009. Excisional biopsy and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scan showed an invasive cutaneous SCC concomitant bone metastasis. Surgical treatment is limited, because of multiple cancerous ulcer and metastatic spreading. Therefore, we proceed to treat with oxaliplatin, tegafur and leucovorin (LV) combination chemotherapy and other adjuvant therapy. About 5 months following chemotherapy, the general situation of the patient was improved. Further cycle of chemotherapy resulted in complete disappearance of the tumor masses (confirmed by PET-CT). So far, there was no evidence of local recurrence or distant metastasis. This report indicates that the combination chemotherapy of oxaliplatin, tegafur and LV seems to have a considerable therapeutic effect for cutaneous SCC concomitant malignant bone metastasis.