RESUMO
Chronic prostatitis typically occurs in aging men, and its symptoms include frequent and painful urination. In recent study, several studies have shown that Korean red ginseng (KRG) can be used in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. The objective of this study is to investigate whether KRG can play a role in repressing the development of chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP) in male Wistar rats. To induce CNP, rats were castrated and beta-estradiol (0.25 mg/kg) was subcutaneously (s.c.) injected daily. 7-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (the normal group, CNP group, positive group, and KRG group (0.25g/kg) and another KRG (0.50g/kg) group. After 4 weeks, all rats were sacrificed and their prostate and serum were analyzed. Compared to the positive group, the KRG groups (0.25g/kg and 0.50g/kg) showed similar protective properties on CNP based on the histopathologic morphology of the prostate and the inflammation cytokines in the prostate tissue. Also, results of the immunohistochemistry staining showed that expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), interleukin 6 (IL6), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1ß), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), and cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COX2) were also decreased in KRG group (0.25g/kg) and KRG group (0.50g/kg). These results suggested that KRG inhibited the development of CNP and might a useful herbal treatment or functional food for CNP.
Assuntos
Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Panax/química , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Prostatite/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/genética , Citocinas/genética , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Inflamação/genética , Inflamação/patologia , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Interleucina-6/genética , Masculino , Extratos Vegetais/química , Prostatite/genética , Prostatite/patologia , Ratos , República da Coreia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/genéticaRESUMO
A recent study reported that Panax ginseng (P. ginseng) has a protective effect on the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). KH053 is used as a new herbal prescription consisting of P. ginseng and bee-pollen. The present study aimed to investigate whether the KH053 has inhibition effects on the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using an animal model with testosterone induced BPH. The experiment was carried out in forty male Wistar 7 week old rats that were divided into four groups (control group, BPH group, positive group, and KH053 group). One group was used as the control and the three groups received subcutaneous injections of testosterone 20 mg/kg for 4 weeks to induce BPH. One of them received KH053 by oral gavage daily at doses of 200 mg/kg concurrently with the testosterone. The positive group received finasteride at a dose of 1 mg/kg with testosterone. After 4 weeks, all rats were sacrificed and analyzed for prostate weight, and growth factors. Results revealed that, compared to rats in the BPH group, KH053 showed that the prostate weight and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels in serum were significantly decreased and the decreases in hyperplasia in prostate were also observed. In addition, immunohistochemistry (IHC) also revealed that the protein expressions of growth factors [transforming growth factor ß1 (TGF-ß1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] in prostate tissue were decreased in the KH053 group. In conclusion, these results suggest that KH053, comprising P. ginseng and bee-pollen, inhibits the development of BPH in Wistar rat model and might be used as functional food for BPH.
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BACKGROUND: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the common male diseases, which is provoked by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and androgen signals. Several studies showed that curcumin has various effects of prevention and treatment to diseases. We investigated whether curcumin may repress the development of BPH in male Wistar rats. METHODS: Seven weeks male Wistar rats were and divided into 4 groups (normal group, BPH group, finasteride group, curcumin group; n = 8 for each group). In order to induce BPH in rats, rats were castrated and testosterone was injected subcutaneously everyday (s.c., 20 mg/kg). Rats in the curcumin group were treated 50 mg/kg, administered orally for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, all rats were sacrificed and their prostate and serum were analyzed. RESULTS: Compared to the finasteride group as positive group, the curcumin group showed similarly protective effect on BPH in histopathologic morphology, prostate volume. Results of immunohistochemistry and western-blot showed decreased expressions of VEGF, TGF-ß1, and IGF1 were also decreased in the curcumin group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that curcumin inhibited the development of BPH and might a useful herbal treatment or functional food for BPH.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Curcumina/farmacologia , Próstata/efeitos dos fármacos , Hiperplasia Prostática/tratamento farmacológico , Análise de Variância , Animais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Western Blotting , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Imuno-Histoquímica , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/metabolismo , Masculino , Hiperplasia Prostática/metabolismo , Hiperplasia Prostática/patologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Testosterona/sangue , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/metabolismo , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismoRESUMO
Recently, evidence has suggested the possible involvement of inflammatory cytokines in sleep deprivation (SD). In this study, we assessed the patterns of inflammatory gene regulation in the hypothalamus of REM SD mice. C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to two groups, SD (n=15) and control groups (n=15). Mice in the SD group were sleep-deprived for 72h using modified multiple platforms. Microarray analysis on inflammatory genes was performed in mice hypothalamus. In addition, interleukin 1 beta (IL1ß) protein expression was analyzed by the immunochemistry method. Through microarray analysis, we found that expressions of IL subfamily genes, such as IL1ß (2.55-fold), IL18 (1.92-fold), IL11 receptor alpha chain 1 (1.48-fold), IL5 (1.41-fold), and IL17E genes (1.31-fold), were up-regulated in the hypothalamus of SD mice compared to the control. The increase in the expression of these genes was also confirmed by RT-PCR. Among these genes, the expression of IL1ß was particularly increased in the hypothalamus of SD mice. Interestingly, we found that the protein expression of endogenous IL1ß was also elevated in the hypothalamus of SD mice compared to the control mice. These results implicate that IL subfamily genes, and in particular, IL1ß, may play a role in sleep regulation in the hypothalamus of REM SD mice.
Assuntos
Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Interleucinas/metabolismo , Privação do Sono , Sono REM , Animais , Interleucinas/genética , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Distribuição Aleatória , Análise Serial de Tecidos , Transcriptoma , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
The maternal separation (MS) animal model has been widely used to study early life stress and several psychiatric conditions such as depression and anxiety. In this study, we investigated the effect of acupuncture on anxiety-related behaviors and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system in MS-induced early life stress of Sprague-Dawley rat pups (14-21 postnatal days). For determining anxiety-related behaviors, the elevated plus-maze test was performed. The effects of acupuncture on the activation of stress were measured by assessing plasma levels of corticosterone (CORT) and adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH). The hypothalamic immunoreactivity (IR) of arginine vasopressin (AVP) was also examined. Acupuncture was conducted at acupoint HT7, which is used to treat mental disorders in Oriental medicine, for seven consecutive days. Acupuncture significantly decreased the frequencies of open arm entries and the amount of time spent in the open arms in MS rats. In addition, acupuncture reduced CORT and ACTH levels in plasma of MS rats, and AVP-IR in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of MS rats. In conclusion, acupuncture reduced anxiety-related behaviors and modulated the HPA system. These findings suggest that acupuncture at HT7 may be useful as a therapeutic treatment in MS-induced early life stress.
Assuntos
Terapia por Acupuntura , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário/fisiologia , Privação Materna , Sistema Hipófise-Suprarrenal/fisiologia , Estresse Fisiológico , Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico/sangue , Animais , Arginina Vasopressina/metabolismo , Comportamento Animal , Corticosterona/sangue , Feminino , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Masculino , Aprendizagem em Labirinto , Gravidez , Distribuição Aleatória , RatosRESUMO
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease associated with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, leading to destruction of the cartilage. The objective of this study was to investigate and discuss the suitability of the 35 medicinal plants as therapeutic candidates to treat RA. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs), derived from patients with RA, were adjusted to 2 × 10(6) cells/mL in a 24-well plate and pretreated with the distilled water extracts of the 35 plants (1, 10, and 100 µg/mL) for 1 h followed by interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) (1 ng/mL) for 24 h. The concentration of MMP-3 was then determined using a Duoset ELISA Kit. The six plants (Artemisiae Capillaris Herba, AC; Bambusae Caulis In Taeniam, BC; Cassiae Semen, CS; Corni Fructus, CF; Leonuri Herba, LH; Schizonepetae Spica, SS) showed no toxicity, including MMP-3. The MMP-3 level was increased by 3.38-fold (212.23 µg/mL) in IL-1ß-stimulated FLSs. The IL-1ß-induced MMP-3 level was significantly and dose-dependently reduced by >50% by the six plants (P < 0.01: at 100 âµg/âmL of CS and LH, P < 0.001: at 10 µg/mL of all plants, and at 100 µg/mL of AC, BC, CF, and SS). This is the first study on the MMP-3 inhibitory effect of the examined plants in FLSs isolated from RA patients. From our original research, the six candidate plants were identified.
Assuntos
Interleucina-1beta/farmacologia , Inibidores de Metaloproteinases de Matriz , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Inibidores de Proteases/farmacologia , Idoso , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Artrite Reumatoide/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Interações Medicamentosas , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Humanos , Interleucina-1beta/antagonistas & inibidores , Metaloproteinase 3 da Matriz/metabolismo , Medicina Tradicional/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Membrana Sinovial/efeitos dos fármacos , Membrana Sinovial/metabolismoRESUMO
This study aims to identify the therapeutic effect of Korean red ginseng (KRG) on the expression of inflammatory cytokines in rats with focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) for two hours. They were fed KRG extract (100 mg/kg/day per orally) or saline after reperfusion. Tests for neurological deficits, using the modified neurologic severity score and the corner turn test, were performed before the ischemic event, and one, three, and seven days after tMCAO. Serum levels of cytokines were measured three and seven days after the operation, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The infarct volume was assessed after seven days by staining brain tissue with 2% 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Oral administration of KRG significantly reduced the infarct volumes and rapidly improved neurological deficits. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß), and IL-6 were higher in tMCAO-operated rats than in the sham-operated rats. These changes were attenuated by daily KRG intake for seven days. Serum IL-10 levels were significantly increased in KRG-fed rats, as compared to sham-operated and saline-fed rats. Our results suggested that KRG provides neuroprotection for rats with focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. This neuroprotection may be due to raised IL-10 expression and a reduction in the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6.
Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/tratamento farmacológico , Citocinas/sangue , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Panax , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Animais , Isquemia Encefálica/sangue , Isquemia Encefálica/patologia , Infarto Cerebral/sangue , Infarto Cerebral/prevenção & controle , Infarto da Artéria Cerebral Média , Masculino , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/sangueRESUMO
In this study, genetic analysis was conducted to investigate the association of angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism with clinical phenotype based on differentiation-syndrome of bronchial asthma patients. Differentiation-syndrome is a traditional Korean medicine (TKM) theory in which patients are classified into a Deficiency Syndrome Group (DSG) and an Excess Syndrome Group (ESG) according to their symptomatic classification. For this study, 110 participants were evaluated by pulmonary function test. Among them, 39 patients were excluded because they refused genotyping. Of the remaining patients, 52 with DSG of asthma (DSGA) and 29 with ESG of asthma (ESGA), as determined by the differentiation-syndrome techniques were assessed by genetic analysis. ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism analysis was conducted using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Student's t, chi-square, Fisher and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium tests were used to compare groups. No significant differences in pulmonary function were observed between DSGA and ESGA. The genotypic frequency of ACE I/D polymorphism was found to differ slightly between DSGA and ESGA (P = .0495). However, there were no significant differences in allelic frequency observed between DSGA and ESGA (P = .7006, OR = 1.1223). Interestingly, the allelic (P = .0043, OR = 3.4545) and genotypic (P = .0126) frequencies of the ACE I/D polymorphism in female patients differed significantly between DSGA and ESGA. Taken together, the results presented here indicate that the symptomatic classification of DSGA and ESGA by differentiation-syndrome in Korean asthma patients could be useful in evaluation of the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma.
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common cause of end-stage renal disease. Antihypertensive agents are used clinically to inhibit the progression of CKD, but cannot prevent eventual renal failure. This study investigated the effect of Tanshinone IIA, an active component of Salvia miltiorrhiza, in rats suffering from CKD induced by 5/6 nephrectomy. After development of renal insufficiency, the rats were treated with Tanshinone IIA (10 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. Serum creatinine, angiotensin II (Ang II), transforming growth factor ß1 (TGF-ß1) and collagen IV levels were significantly reduced in Tanshinone IIA treated rats compared with a control group. In addition, Tanshinone IIA suppressed increases in urinary protein excretion in CKD rats. These findings suggest that chronic oral administration of Tanshinone IIA can improve renal dysfunction associated with CKD.
Assuntos
Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Fenantrenos/farmacologia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Salvia miltiorrhiza/química , Abietanos , Administração Oral , Angiotensina II/sangue , Animais , Colágeno Tipo IV/sangue , Creatinina/sangue , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Proteinúria/tratamento farmacológico , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/sangueRESUMO
This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of Bupleurum falcatum and its combination with angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) on cytokine and chemokine production in cultured human mesangial cells. Human mesangial cells were isolated and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium culture medium. Bupleurum falcatum, ARB, and the combination of the two were added to human mesangial cells. Cytokine and chemokine levels were analysed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. There were no significant differences in the expression of IL-1ss, IL-2 or TNF-a between controls and the experimental groups. However, IL-11 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels were significantly reduced in response to ARB, Bupleurum falcatum, or their combination when compared with controls. IL-8 expression was reduced significantly only in cells treated with ARB. Both Bupleurum falcatum and ARB treatments alone reduced the cytokine concentration, but there was not a stronger reduction when the two drugs were combined. It was shown that Bupleurum falcatum inhibited cytokine production in human mesangial cells. However, there were no additive effects on the suppression of cytokine production when Bupleurum falcatum was combined with ARB. Further studies are needed to elucidate the renoprotective effects of Bupleurum falcatum.
Assuntos
Bloqueadores do Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina II/farmacologia , Bupleurum/química , Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Células Mesangiais/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Células Cultivadas , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Interações Ervas-Drogas , Humanos , Células Mesangiais/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate electroencephalogram changes, the electrical activity measured on the scalp, in relation to the items of acupuncture sensation questionnaire, based on real-life patients' experiences during acupuncture. METHODS: Using a 32 channel digital electroencephalogram system, healthy volunteers (n=10) received electroencephalogram examinations over four consecutive periods: (1) baseline; (2 and 3) acupuncture needle retention only or needle retention plus manipulation in random order; (4) aftermath. Alpha, beta and theta band power of electroencephalogram acquired in 30 electrodes were analysed in relation to the higher or lower subjective rating of acupuncture sensation questionnaire categories: the needle insertion, manipulation and retention related items. RESULTS: The group with higher ratings of needle retention related questionnaire items showed significant changes in alpha band electroencephalogram powers over the periods before, during and after the needle retention, while the group with lower ratings did not. When analysed without grouping based on higher or lower acupuncture sensation questionnaire ratings, electroencephalogram band powers did not show significant difference among four periods of acupuncture stimulation except for two electrodes of alpha band and two electrodes of theta band. DISCUSSION: These results indicate that acupuncture may directly affect electroencephalogram activity and this connection may be reflected in the subjective questionnaire items, related to the traditional notion of deqi (obtaining qi).
Assuntos
Terapia por Acupuntura , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Sensação/fisiologia , Ritmo alfa , Eletroencefalografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Agulhas , Inquéritos e Questionários , Ritmo Teta , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between Four Constitutional classification and Fc fragment of IgG, low affinity of IIa, receptor (FCGR2A) and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN) in Korean ischemic stroke patients. METHODS: We classified the Four Constitutional types in ischemic stroke patients (n=162) and healthy control subjects (n=135), and genotyped FCGR2A and IL1RN polymorphisms using direct DNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. RESULTS: In the IL1RN polymorphisms, the IL1RN*1/IL1RN*2 genotype (OR=5.80, p=0.0142), and in the FCGR2A polymorphisms, the rs7535475 (OR=0.58, p=0.0218) and rs7512140 (OR=0.09, p=0.0335), were significantly associated with ischemic stroke. The prevalence of IL1RN*1/IL1RN*2 genotype of IL1RN and rs7535475 of FCGR2A in greater Yin person ischemic stroke patients were different from greater Yin person healthy controls (OR=18.97, p=0.0063; OR=0.38, p=0.0045). DISCUSSION: These results suggest that IL1RN*1/IL1RN*2 genotype in greater Yin person might be associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke, and rs7535475 of FCGR2A might be associated with decreased risk of ischemic stroke. Furthermore, this relationship could provide the basis for a new approach in investigating the etiology of ischemic stroke.
Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Proteína Antagonista do Receptor de Interleucina 1/genética , Medicina Tradicional Coreana , Polimorfismo Genético , Receptores de IgG/genética , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/genética , Povo Asiático/genética , Isquemia Encefálica/epidemiologia , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Coreia (Geográfico) , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Prevalência , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Early stressors can influence the development of biological and neurological systems. Maternal separation (social isolation) in early life may increase vulnerability to neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders over the lifespan. To identify new proteins on acupuncture effects in maternally separated rats, an animal model for study of early environmental insults, proteomic approach on the expression of the hypothalamic proteins was performed. METHODS: On post-natal day 14, rat pups were randomly divided into four groups: pups kept with their mothers for 7 days; pups kept with their mothers with acupuncture daily to HT8 (Sobu); maternally separated pups; maternally separated pups with acupuncture. The hypothalamic proteins were analysed by two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled with matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer. RESULTS: The results showed that 27 spots were differentially and commonly expressed. Of 27 spots, 21 spots were identified while six spots were not, and 15 proteins were known proteins. In maternally separated group, the expressions of 14 proteins were down-regulated, compared to control group. In group of maternally separation with acupuncture, five proteins were down-regulated and nine were up-regulated, compared to the maternally separated group. Among nine proteins up-regulated by acupuncture treatment, we found four proteins (dihydropyrimidinase-like 2, dystrophin-related protein 2, tubulin, alpha 1a and syntaxin 1b) related to neurodevelopment. DISCUSSION: The result suggests that acupuncture to HT8 may affect neurodevelopment, and acupuncture may be a possible therapy for neurodevelopmental disorders.
Assuntos
Terapia por Acupuntura , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Privação Materna , Estresse Psicológico/metabolismo , Estresse Psicológico/terapia , Animais , Peso Corporal , Proteínas do Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Eletroforese em Gel Bidimensional , Feminino , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/metabolismo , Masculino , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas Musculares/metabolismo , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz , Sintaxina 1/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Tubulina (Proteína)/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To find new biomarkers by stimulating acupuncture point GB34 (Yangneungcheon) which has neuroprotective effect on the mouse model of Parkinson's disease, analysis of cDNA microarray on mRNAs of the substantia nigra was performed. METHODS: Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups: 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated mice (MPTP group, n=3); 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and acupuncture (GB34)-treated mice (MPTP + ACU group, n=3). The mice received an intraperitoneal injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (30 mg/kg) once daily for 3 consecutive days. Manual acupuncture was performed 2 hours after every injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. The total RNA in the substantia nigra of each mouse was isolated on 3 days after the last 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine injection. Agilent mouse whole genome 44K chip was used for microarray analysis and the hybridization image was analysed by GenePix Pro 6.0. Data normalization and analysis were performed using GeneSpring GX 7.3.1 program. RESULTS: The acupuncture stimulation revealed 799 genes (424 up- and 375 down-regulated) of which expression levels were changed more than two-folds in the MPTP + ACU group, compared to the MPTP group. The genes selected were classified into several categories based on their functions using DAVID Bioinformatics Resources 2008 (http://david.abcc.ncifcrf.gov/) and KEGG PATHWAY Database (http://www.genome.jp/kegg/pathway.html). DISCUSSION: Biomarkers in response to acupuncture stimulation to GB34 were identified in a mouse model for Parkinson's disease. These biomarkers might provide a promising clue for understanding the neuroprotective effect of acupuncture in Parkinson's disease.
Assuntos
Terapia por Acupuntura , Transtornos Parkinsonianos/metabolismo , Transtornos Parkinsonianos/terapia , Substância Negra/metabolismo , 1-Metil-4-Fenil-1,2,3,6-Tetra-Hidropiridina , Animais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Bases de Dados Genéticas , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Internet , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Transtornos Parkinsonianos/induzido quimicamente , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Distribuição Aleatória , Software , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Four-constitution medicine (FCM), also known as Sasang constitutional medicine, and the heritage of the long history of individualized acupuncture medicine tradition, is one of the holistic and traditional systems of constitution to appraise and categorize individual differences into four major types. OBJECTIVE: This study first reports a genome-wide association study on FCM, to explore the genetic basis of FCM and facilitate the integration of FCM with conventional individual differences research. DESIGN: Healthy individuals of the Korean population were classified into the four constitutional types (FCTs). A total of 353,202 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were typed using whole genome amplified samples, and six-way comparison of FCM types provided lists of significantly differential SNPs. RESULTS: In one-to-one FCT comparisons, 15,944 SNPs were significantly differential, and 5 SNPs were commonly significant in all of the three comparisons. In one-to-two FCT comparisons, 22,616 SNPs were significantly differential, and 20 SNPs were commonly significant in all of the three comparison groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents the association between genome-wide SNP profiles and the categorization of the FCM, and it could further provide a starting point of genome-based identification and research of the constitutions of FCM.
Assuntos
Medicina Tradicional Coreana , Personalidade/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Medicina de Precisão/métodos , Somatotipos/genética , Acupuntura , Idoso , Feminino , Genoma , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Personalidade/classificação , Valores de Referência , Somatotipos/fisiologia , Somatotipos/psicologiaRESUMO
This study evaluated whether or not bovine colostrum (BC) is able to treat or prevent intestinal barrier damage, bacterial translocation, and the related systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in an intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-injured rat model. Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The rats' intestinal I/R injuries were induced by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 30 minutes. After 3 hours of reperfusion and then twice daily reclamping during the experiment, the experimental group was given BC (4 mL/kg/day) perorally, and the other groups received 0.9% saline and low fat milk (LFM) after intestinal I/R injury. Seventy-two hours later we assessed (1) intestinal damage and intestinal permeability, (2) enteric bacterial count and bacterial translocation, (3) serum albumin, protein, and hepatic enzyme levels, (4) pathologic findings of ileum and lung, (5) activity of oxygen-free radical species, and (6) pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta). Intestinal damage, intestinal permeability, and bacterial translocation to other organs were significantly reduced in rats fed with BC after I/R when compared to rats fed LFM/saline after I/R (P < .05). In the evaluation of acute lung injury, neutrophils were found only in the lungs of the saline-fed group after I/R, and the wet/dry ratio of the lung tissue was significantly reduced in the BC-fed group after I/R compared to other I/R groups. A marked difference was found between LFM/saline-fed groups and BC-fed groups regarding malondialdehyde (P < .05) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (P < .01). In conclusion, BC may have beneficial effects in treating and preventing intestinal barrier damage, bacterial translocation and the related SIRS and MODS in the intestinal I/R-injured rat model.
Assuntos
Translocação Bacteriana/fisiologia , Colostro , Mucosa Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Insuficiência de Múltiplos Órgãos/prevenção & controle , Traumatismo por Reperfusão , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica/prevenção & controle , Animais , Bovinos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Mucosa Intestinal/fisiopatologia , Intestinos/microbiologia , Intestinos/patologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/fisiologia , Fígado/microbiologia , Pulmão/metabolismo , Pulmão/patologia , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Fenolsulfonaftaleína/farmacocinética , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/microbiologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
Based on the use of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Family Araliaceae) for the treatment of stroke in traditional Korean medicine, the present study was carried out to evaluate neuroprotective effects of P. ginseng after transient global cerebral ischemia using the four-vessel occlusion rat model. Nissl staining, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA] formation), and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) of rat brain were assessed. Ethanolic P. ginseng extract (200 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly protected CA1 neurons against 10 minutes of transient forebrain ischemia as demonstrated by measuring the density of neuronal cells. P. ginseng also significantly decreased the level of MDA and increased the expression of GPx and SOD. These results suggest that P. ginseng might be neuroprotective against cerebral ischemia-induced injury in rat brain by decreasing lipid peroxides and increasing the expression of GPx and SOD.
Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/tratamento farmacológico , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Panax , Fitoterapia , Animais , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Raízes de Plantas , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of herbal medicine (HM) prescribed by doctors of Korean medicine (KMD) on liver function in Korea. DESIGN AND INTERVENTIONS: For this multicenter, prospective, observational study, we enrolled patients who wished to take HM prescribed by KMD for various medical purposes in Korea. One hundred and twenty-two (122) patients took HM for an average of 20.6 +/- 8.4 (mean +/- standard deviation) days, and completed questionnaires. OUTCOME MEASURES: Liver function tests (LFTs) were performed before (first test) and after each HM treatment (second test). For LFT, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin (t-Bil), direct bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase were measured. RESULTS: There were no significant changes in LFT data between the first and second tests, except in the t-Bil level. However, all data of total bilirubin level in second test were within normal range, except only one patient. Multivariate analysis did not identify any herb that significantly increased t-Bil; hence no hepatotoxic herb was found. Twenty-one (21) of the 122 patients were abnormal on first testing, and 10 at the second testing. Of the patients taking herbs, 4 changed from normal to abnormal and 15 from abnormal to normal (p = 0.019). CONCLUSION: The current study showed that ingestion of HM prescribed by KMD did not increase the frequency of abnormal LFTs, at least in the short term.
Assuntos
Hepatopatias/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatopatias/fisiopatologia , Fígado/fisiopatologia , Fitoterapia/métodos , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Fosfatase Alcalina/sangue , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Bilirrubina/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Coreia (Geográfico) , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatopatias/sangue , Hepatopatias/diagnóstico , Testes de Função Hepática , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , gama-Glutamiltransferase/sangueRESUMO
Acupuncture is frequently used as an alternative therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD), and it attenuates dopaminergic (DA) neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra (SN) in PD animal models. Using proteomic analysis, we investigated whether acupuncture alters protein expression in the SN to favor attenuation of neuronal degeneration. In C57BL/6 mice treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP, 30 mg/kg/day), intraperitoneal (i.p.) for 5 days, 2 or 100 Hz electroacupuncture (EA) was applied at the effective and specific acupoint, GB34, once a day for 12 consecutive days from the first MPTP treatment. Both treatments in MPTP mice led to restoration of behavioral impairment and rescued tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive DA neurodegeneration. Using peptide fingerprinting MS, we identified changes in 22 proteins in the SN following MPTP treatment, and nine of these proteins were normalized by EA. They were involved in cell death regulation, inflammation, or restoration from damage. The levels of cyclophilin A (CypA), which is a neuroprotective agent, were unchanged by MPTP treatment but were increased in MPTP-EA mice. These results suggest that acupoint GB34-specific EA changes protein expression profiles in the SN in favor of DA neuronal survival in MPTP-treated mice, and that EA treatment may be an effective therapy for PD patients.
Assuntos
1-Metil-4-Fenil-1,2,3,6-Tetra-Hidropiridina/farmacologia , Eletroacupuntura , Doença de Parkinson/terapia , Proteoma/metabolismo , Pontos de Acupuntura , Análise de Variância , Animais , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo , Ciclofilina A/metabolismo , Dopaminérgicos/farmacologia , Eletroforese em Gel Bidimensional , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Camundongos , Modelos Animais , Neurônios , Mapeamento de Peptídeos , Proteoma/genética , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz , Substância Negra/metabolismo , Tirosina 3-Mono-Oxigenase/metabolismoRESUMO
PDGFRB is located on chromosome 5q31-q32, a chromosomal region identified by linkage analyses to contain a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia (SCZ). Recent research has focused on the role of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in the pathogenesis of SCZ. D4 dopamine receptor-mediated transactivation of the gene encoding platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRB) has immediate effects on synaptic neurotransmission via calcium-dependent inactivation of NMDA receptors. In this study, we investigate the association between the PDGFRB gene and SCZ in a Korean population. We screened 6 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 5'-upstream region of PDGFRB and conducted a case-control study of 381 SCZ patients and 752 controls. The genotype and haplotype frequencies of 3 of the 6 SNPs [SNP1 (g.-1924T>C, rs3756314), SNP3 (g.-1772A>G, rs3756312) and SNP4 (rs3756311, g.-1658G>A)] were significantly associated with SCZ [SNP1, corrected p=0.012 (co-dominant model), 0.002 (Dominant model), and 0.506 (Recessive model); SNP3 and 4, corrected p=0.003, 0.009, and 0.049]. Haplotype analysis also revealed that ht1 (CGG) and ht2 (TAA) were significantly associated with SCZ (ht1, corrected p=0.018, 0.340, and 0.010; ht2, corrected p=0.002, 0.009, and 0.016). Transient transfection in neuronal cells revealed that ht1 had higher luciferase activity than the vector alone. Furthermore, Pdgfrb expression was increased in the frontal cortex and hippocampus in a mouse model of SCZ induced by MK801. We conclude that SNPs of the 5'-upstream region of PDGFRB are associated with SCZ in a Korean population. These are weak positives that require future studies to confirm these results.