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Objective: Due to the complicated compounds and the synergistic effect of multi-compounds, the quality control and assessment of Chinese materia medica (CMM) encounters a great challenge about how to identify the key compounds, which are directly correlated with its efficacy and safety. On the guidance of study on quality marker (Q-Marker), identification of Q-Markers was performed from Hedan Tablet (HDT) by the aid of the “spider-web” mode and hepatotoxicity evaluation derived from our previous researches and literatures. Methods: By the established ultra performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (UPLC-PDA) method, online UPLC-DPPH· and offline antioxidant assay, 21 candidate compounds of HDT were systematically investigated and comprehensively evaluated by the “spider-web” mode for them properties of Q-Marker based on “content-stability-activity”. In addition, the Q-Markers related with hepatotoxicity based on our previous researches and literatures were identified. Results: Salvianolic acid B (SaB), quercetin-3-O-glucuronide (Qug), isoquercitrin (IQ) and hyperoside (Hyp) were adopted as the preferable Q-Markers of HDT according to the shaded area (A) of tested compounds in “spider-web” mode. Psoralen (Ps), isopsoralen (IP), psoralenoside (PO) and isopsoralenoside (IPO) were also strongly recommended as Q-Markers closely related with safety by considering hepatotoxicity of the accumulated Ps and IP and conversion between glycoside (PO and IPO) and aglycone (Ps and IP). Conclusion: This study provided scientific evidence for quality control and assessment of HDT, and also provided a meaningful reference for application of Q-Markers in CMM.
RESUMO
Objective To explore the effect of acupuncture plus neuromuscular electrical stimulation and cold stimulation on children with swallowing disorders caused by viral encephalitis.Methods A total of 322 chil dren with dysphagia subsequent to viral encephalitis were randomly divided into an acupuncture + cold stimulation group (group A,n=107),an electrical stimulation + cold stimulation group (group E,n=107) and an acupuncture + electric stimulation + cold stimulation group (group C,n=108) using a random number table.The treatments were applied in two courses each of 14 days with an interval of two days between the courses.Before and after the treatment,the total effectiveness rates and the incidence of aspiration pneumonia and malnutrition were ana lyzed.The children's swallowing function was evaluated using a standardized swallowing assessment (SSA),while the severity of dysphagia was assessed using dysphagia outcome and severity scale (DOSS) based on videofluorescopic imaging.Results There were no significant differences in any of the outcome measures before the treatment.Afterward the total effectiveness rate in group A was 76％,significantly higher than in group E (62％) but significantly lower than in group C (91％).There was significant improvement in the average SSA and DOSS scores of all 3 groups.Compared with group A,the average SSA score of group E was higher while the average DOSS score was lower.For group C the relationship was the opposite,with the average SSA score significantly higher and the average DOSS score significantly lower.After the treatment there were no significant differences between groups A and E in the incidence of aspiration pneumonia or malnutrition,but the incidence of both in group C was significantly lower than in groups A and E.Conclusion Acupuncture administered together with electrical and cold stimulation can significantly improve dysphagia and lower the incidence of aspiration pneumonia and malnutrition for children with viral encephalitis.
RESUMO
Objective To investigate the iodine nutrition level of vulnerable people in Inner Mongolia after adjustment of iodized salt standard and to provide theoretical bases for scientific iodine supplementation. Methods In 2013, 3 cities were selected from eastern, central and western parts of Inner Mongolia in accordance with the random number table, 3 or 4 counties were selected from each target city, 5 units according to their sub-area position of east, south, west, north and center were selected from each county, and then 1 township was selected from each unit, 5 groups of target population including school children aged 8- 10, women of childbearing age, pregnant and lactating women and infants each at least 10 people were investigated in each township. Edible salt samples from their homes and urine samples were collected. The direct titration method among the generic methods of iodide testing for salt production industry (GB/T 13025.7-2012) was used to determine the salt iodine level, and As3+-Ce4+catalytic spectrophotometry using ammonium per sulfate digestion (WS/T 107-2009) was used to test the urinary iodine level. Results Totally 3 300 samples of edible salt from local residents had been examined and median iodine was 26.20 mg/kg. The median of urinary iodine was 190.6μg/L of 1 289 school-age children;was 183.6μg/L of 621 women of childbearing age; was 178.2 μg/L o f 876 pregnant women; was 178.6 μg/L of 664 lactating women and was 167.7μg/L of 599 infants. Conclusion After adjustment of iodized salt standard, iodine nutrition level is suitable in all vulnerable people.