RESUMO
The metabolism of glucose in insulin-secreting cells leads to closure of ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP), an event that initiates the insulin secretory process. Defects in insulin secretion are a common feature of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and the beta-cell KATP that couples metabolism and membrane potential is a candidate for contributing to the development of this clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder. We screened a hamster insulinoma cDNA library by low-stringency hybridization with a probe coding for the G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying K+ channel GIRK1/KGA and isolated clones encoding a protein, KATP-2, whose sequence is 90% similar to that of the recently described KATP-1, an ATP-sensitive K+ channel expressed in heart and other tissues. RNA blotting showed that KATP mRNA was present in insulin-secreting cells and brain but not in heart. To assess the contribution of KATP-2 to the development of NIDDM, the human KATP-2 gene (symbol KCNJ7) was isolated and mapped to chromosome band 21q22.1 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. A simple tandem repeat DNA polymorphism, D21S1255, was identified in the region of the KATP-2 gene, and linkage studies between this marker and NIDDM were carried out in a group of Mexican-American sib pairs with NIDDM. There was no evidence for linkage between D21S1255 and NIDDM, indicating that KATP-2 is not a major susceptibility gene in this population.
Assuntos
Cromossomos Humanos Par 21 , DNA Complementar/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Canais de Potássio/genética , Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Cromossomos Artificiais de Levedura , Cricetinae , Primers do DNA/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Ligação Genética , Humanos , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Insulina/metabolismo , Secreção de Insulina , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Dados de Sequência Molecular , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Distribuição Tecidual , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of a rehabilitation programme in patients with asthma or COPD who have major complaints despite the fact that their pulmonary function is not severely disturbed. SETTING: Medical Centre Dekkerswald, Groesbeek. DESIGN: Prospective clinical trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The treated group consisted of 44 patients with an obstructive lung disease, FEV1 68.3% of predicted value. This group was compared with 43 patients in a control group. These were volunteers, who were comparable for pulmonary function, reversibility, age, sex, Quetelet index, pulmonary medication and educational level. These groups were examined for 2 years by means of tests and questionnaires. Changes from baseline values were analysed by covariance analysis. Patients followed a rehabilitation programme which consisted of an optimal medical treatment in combination with training of physical endurance, health education and psychological and social support. The duration of the programme was 3 months, 38 hours a week. RESULTS: Pulmonary rehabilitation had a long-term beneficial effect on endurance, several psychological valuables, consumption of medical care, attitude towards way of life, skills, coordination and smoking habits. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness, need of pulmonary drugs and complaints of cough and sputum production did not change after rehabilitation. Airway obstruction and subjective feelings of dyspnoea, allergy and hyperresponsiveness only decreased in the short term (less than I year). CONCLUSION: This study shows that pulmonary rehabilitation improves many variables in the short as well as in the long run. When COPD patients do not improve on conventional treatment, pulmonary rehabilitation should be considered.
Assuntos
Exercício Físico , Educação em Saúde , Pneumopatias Obstrutivas/reabilitação , Adaptação Psicológica , Adulto , Brônquios/fisiopatologia , Teste de Esforço , Feminino , Humanos , Pneumopatias Obstrutivas/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Terapia de Relaxamento , Testes de Função Respiratória , EsportesRESUMO
The influence of sauna on pulmonary functioning in patients with an obstructive pulmonary disease was studied in 12 male patients by measuring forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second on seven measure points the day of the sauna program. Despite the fact that body cooling and changes in osmolality of bronchial liquid can induce bronchoconstriction, we measured a significant improvement of the lung function parameters: FVC values were 3.22 +/- 0.89 and 3.6 +/- 0.99 before and after the sauna program, respectively. It is concluded that patients with an obstructive pulmonary disease can take part in sauna programs without eliciting bronchoconstriction; sauna even causes transient improvement of the lung function.