Whole-Person Development of Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Multi-University Study.

AIM: This study examines how nursing students in Saudi Arabia view their holistic development during university study and the association between their perceptions and academic performance. BACKGROUND: Holistic nursing education fosters broad development and emphasizes students' cognitive, emotional, social, physical, and spiritual potentials. METHOD: This descriptive and correlational study utilizes the Whole Person Development Inventory to collect data from 998 student nurses enrolled in six governmental universities in Saudi Arabia. RESULTS: The professional dimension recorded the highest mean, followed by the intellectual, spiritual, physical, and psychological dimensions. The social dimension received the lowest overall mean. Intellectual, psychological, social, and spiritual development has an association with high academic performance. CONCLUSION: This study encourages policymakers and various stakeholders concerned with nursing education in the country and worldwide to be intentional and systematic in adapting the whole-person development approach in nursing education.

Nurses' spiritual well-being and the COVID-19 pandemic: A thematic approach.

AIMS: This study explores nurses' perceived spiritual well-being in the workplace during the COVID-19 pandemic. BACKGROUND: Nurses have been working heavy shifts under challenging workplace conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to anxiety and psychological stress. These various challenges at work place their spiritual well-being at risk. METHODS: An unstructured individual online interview was conducted to collect data from 18 nurses from April to August 2021. Data were analysed using the thematic approach. RESULTS: This study highlighted the four themes of spiritual well-being of nurses, namely, "Trust in God," "spiritual encouragement," "spiritual attributes in the workplace," and "spiritual growth." CONCLUSIONS: The study concludes that spirituality is critical in helping nurses overcome the myriad of adversities they face as they assume their important roles during the ongoing pandemic. IMPLICATION FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: The study emphasizes that nurses' spiritual aspect during crises is equally important with the other aspects of a nurse's life. Moreover, policies and interventions in hospitals must be implemented to ensure excellent levels of spiritual well-being among nurses.

Work engagement of nurses and the influence of spiritual climate of hospitals: A cross-sectional study.

AIM: This investigation was endeavoured to study the influence of the hospital's spiritual climate on nurse's work engagement in Saudi Arabia. BACKGROUND: Creating a safe clinical environment for nurses to express their spirituality despite preferences or religiosity is essential to increase work productivity, satisfaction and commitment. METHOD: This quantitative and cross-sectional research surveyed a convenience sample of 302 nurses employing the 'Utrecht Work Engagement Scale' and 'Spiritual Climate Scale'. RESULTS: The overall average of the respondents in work engagement was 4.33 (SD = 1.10), with more nurses reporting high or very high work engagement (53.7%). The hospital, age and spiritual climate were recognized as significant predictors of 'vigour'. The hospital's spiritual climate was the only significant factor influencing nurses' 'dedication'. The hospital and spiritual climate significantly influenced the variable 'absorption'. CONCLUSION: Having a positive hospital spiritual climate was associated with better work engagement among nurses. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: The findings underscore the significance of ensuring that hospitals have positive spiritual climate and a clinical area that respects, accepts and welcomes various spirituality of nurses. Therefore, nurse managers should ensure that the spirituality of nurses has a safe home in the hospital.

Spiritual climate in hospitals influences nurses' professional quality of life.

AIMS: To assess the nurses' perceptions of spiritual climate of their hospital and to examine how it influences their professional quality of life (ProQoL). BACKGROUND: Despite the advantages of positive spiritual organisational climate on the personal and professional lives of nurses, no study has attempted to investigate the influence of spiritual climate on nurses' ProQoL. METHOD: We surveyed 302 nurses in three general hospitals in Saudi Arabia in this cross-sectional study using the 'Spiritual Climate Scale' and the 'ProQoL scale version 5'. RESULTS: Our findings indicated a modest spiritual climate and average scores in ProQoL. Marital status, religion and education were significant predictors of the nurses' perception of spiritual climate. The spiritual climate, hospital, marital status, nationality, religion, education, experience in the country and experience in the present hospital played multivariate effects on the nurses' ProQoL. CONCLUSIONS: Our study concludes that the spiritual climate in hospitals influences nurses' ProQoL. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: This research provides direction for hospital policymakers and nurse leaders on the areas that could be improved to ensure excellent ProQoL among nurses. Making sure that the nurses' unique spirituality is encouraged, respected and accepted in clinical areas could contribute to improving compassion satisfaction and decreasing compassion fatigue among nurses.

Quality of Life and the Predictive Roles of Religiosity and Spiritual Coping Among Nursing Students: A Multi-country Study.

There has been high interest in religious and spirituality practices among college students due to positive benefits to university life. However, no studies have been conducted examining nursing students' religiosity and use of spiritual coping and its impact on their QOL. This cross-sectional, descriptive study measured the QOL and examined the predictive roles of religiosity and spiritual coping among nursing students from four countries. Nursing students reported high overall QOL and health. Significant differences were revealed on the religiosity and spiritual coping of students in terms of demographic characteristics. Findings show frequent attendance to organized and non-organized religious activities lead to better physical and environmental domains, and using non-organized religious activities frequently lead to improved psychological health. More frequent use of non-religious coping strategies was associated with better physical, psychological, and environmental health, and improved social relationships.

Quality of Life and Its Predictors Among Nursing Students in Saudi Arabia.

PURPOSE: This study investigated the quality of life (QOL) and its predictors among nursing students in a university in Saudi Arabia. DESIGN: A descriptive, cross-sectional design. METHOD: A convenience sample of 175 baccalaureate nursing students from a university in Saudi Arabia was surveyed in this study. Using the WHOQOL-BREF and a sociodemographic sheet, the QOL and its predictors among Saudi nursing students were investigated. FINDINGS: The respondents reported a mean score of 4.09 ( SD = 0.71) and 4.02 ( SD = 0.87) for their overall perceptions of QOL and health, respectively. The psychological and physical health of these students had the highest and poorest QOL perception, respectively. Gender, academic year level, community type, and monthly family income exerted a multivariate effect on the four domains of QOL. CONCLUSION: The study underscores the need to ensure the highest level of health and well-being among nursing students while they are undergoing training for their professional roles as nurses. The findings should be utilized by policymakers in nursing institutions in Saudi Arabia in creating policies centered on the holistic development of nursing students in the country.

Predicting patterns of disaster-related resiliency among older adult Typhoon Haiyan survivors.

Reported natural disasters are steadily increasing, yet there is limited previous research explicitly exploring the predictors of disaster resiliency among older people from typhoon-hit provinces. This study examined the relationships between life satisfaction, attitude, spirituality and locus of control towards resiliency among older adult Typhoon Haiyan survivors. A descriptive correlational design was conducted among these survivors in the Eastern Philippines. Standard multiple linear regression analysis was used in the study. The findings indicated that spirituality and attitude were significant predictors of the survivors' resiliency. The spirituality and positive attitudes of the older adults were associated with disaster resiliency among the typhoon survivors. Thus, the findings suggest the need for nurse gerontologists to promote spirituality and encourage positive attitudes among older adults.

Two Sides of the Same Coin: The Positive and Negative Impact of Spiritual Religious Coping on Quality of Life and Depression in Dialysis Patients.

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that spiritual/religious beliefs are associated with mental health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, few studies evaluated how spiritual/religious coping (SRC) could affect hemodialysis patients. OBJECTIVES: The present study investigated the role of SRC behaviors on HRQoL and depressive symptoms in hemodialysis patients. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: This was cross-sectional study with 184 patients. Patients completed the Beck Depression Inventory, Brief SRC Scale, Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), and a Sociodemographic and Health Characterization Questionnaire. RESULTS: From 218 patients, 184 (84.4%) were included (53.8% male with a median age of 55.9 years). Negative SRC, but not positive SRC, was associated with depressive symptoms. Positive SRC presented significant effects in SF-36 pain and physical and social functioning. On the other hand, negative SRC exhibited significant effects in SF-36 role emotional, energy/fatigue, pain, and physical functioning. CONCLUSION: SRC influences the mental health and HRQoL in Brazilian hemodialysis patients in two distinct ways. If used positively, it may have positive outcomes. However, if used negatively, it may lead to dysfunctional consequences such as greater depressive symptomatology and affect HRQoL. Health professionals must be aware of these "two sides of the same coin."

Spiritual/religious coping and depressive symptoms in informal caregivers of hospitalized older adults.

This aim of this study was assess whether positive and negative spiritual/religious coping (SRC) strategies are associated with depressive symptoms (DS) of informal caregiver (IC) of hospitalized older adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 98 IC of hospitalized older adults in the medical clinic of a Brazilian School Hospital. The functionality, Positive and Negative SRC strategies and DS were evaluated. The IC had high average use of SRC, with Positive SRC being more used than Negative SRC. In the unadjusted regression model, Positive and Negative SRC were associated with DS. However, when adjusted for confounding factors, only Negative SRC remained associated with DS. The IC had used their religious and spiritual beliefs as a way to cope with the stress that comes from caring for hospitalized older adults. Although the positive strategy use of these beliefs was more common, only the negative strategies were associated with a higher DS.

Psychometric assessment of the Spiritual Climate Scale Arabic version for nurses in Saudi Arabia.

AIM: To assess the psychometric properties of the Spiritual Climate Scale Arabic version for Saudi nurses. BACKGROUND: Evidence showed that a high level of spiritual climate in the workplace is associated with increased productivity and performance, enhanced emotional intelligence, organisational commitment and job satisfaction among nurses. METHOD: A convenient sample of 165 Saudi nurses was surveyed in this descriptive, cross-sectional study. Cronbach's α and intraclass correlation coefficient of the 2 week test-retest scores were computed to establish reliability. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to support the validity of the Spiritual Climate Scale Arabic version. RESULTS: The Spiritual Climate Scale Arabic version manifested excellent content validity. Exploratory factor analysis supported a single factor with an explained variance of 73.2%. The Cronbach's α values of the scale ranged from .79 to .88, while the intraclass correlation coefficient value was .90. The perceived spiritual climate was associated with the respondents' hospital, gender, age and years of experience. CONCLUSIONS: Findings of this study support the sound psychometric properties of the Spiritual Climate Scale Arabic version. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: The Spiritual Climate Scale Arabic version can be used by nurse managers to assess the nurses' perception of the spiritual climate in any clinical area. This process can lead to spiritually centred interventions, thereby ensuring a clinical climate that accepts and respects different spiritual beliefs and practices.

Association of spiritual/religious coping with depressive symptoms in high- and low-risk pregnant women.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role of spiritual/religious coping (SRC) on depressive symptoms in high- and low-risk pregnant women. BACKGROUND: Spiritual/religious coping is associated with physical and mental health outcomes. However, only few studies investigated the role of these strategies during pregnancy and whether low- and high-risk pregnant women have different coping mechanisms. DESIGN: This study is a cross-sectional comparative study. METHODS: This study included a total of 160 pregnant women, 80 with low-risk pregnancy and 80 with high-risk pregnancy. The Beck Depression Inventory, the brief SRC scale and a structured questionnaire on sociodemographic and obstetric aspects were used. General linear model regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with positive and negative SRC strategies in both groups of pregnant women. RESULTS: Positive SRC use was high, whereas negative SRC use was low in both groups. Although we found no difference in SRC strategies between the two groups, negative SRC was associated with depression in women with high-risk pregnancy, but not in those with low-risk pregnancy. Furthermore, positive SRC was not associated with depressive symptoms in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Results showed that only the negative SRC strategies of Brazilian women with high-risk pregnancies were associated with worsened mental health outcomes. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Healthcare professionals, obstetricians and nurse midwives should focus on the use of negative SRC strategies in their pregnant patients.

Psychometric Evaluation of the Filipino Versions of the Duke University Religion Index and the Spiritual Coping Strategies Scale in Filipino Hemodialysis Patients.

This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Filipino versions of the Duke University Religion Index (DUREL-F) and the Spiritual Coping Strategies scale (SCS-F) for hemodialysis (HD) patients in the Philippines. A convenient sample of 162 HD patients was included in this descriptive, cross-sectional study. The DUREL-F and SCS-F exhibited acceptable internal consistency and stability reliability, as well as excellent content and construct validity. The findings confirmed the soundness of the psychometric properties of the two scales. Thus, they can be used for timely and accurate assessment of religiosity and spiritual coping utilization among Filipino patients receiving HD.

Psychometric Properties of the Spiritual Care-Giving Scale-Arabic Version in Saudi Nursing Students.

AIM: To evaluate the psychometric properties of an Arabic version of the Spiritual Care-Giving Scale (SCGS) in a sample of Saudi nursing students. METHOD: A convenience sample of 202 Saudi nursing students was included in this descriptive cross-sectional study. The 35-item Arabic version of the SCGS (SCGS-A) was tested for internal consistency, stability reliability, content validity, and construct validity. FINDINGS: The SCGS-A manifested acceptable internal consistency and stability reliability with computed Cronbach's alpha ranges from .84 to .94, and an intraclass correlation coefficient of .97. The item-level content validity index ranged from .83 to 1, and the scale-level content validity index (average) was .98. The principal component analysis revealed five dominant components with eigenvalues greater than 1, and a cumulative contribution rate of 62.0%. The five factors were moderately to strongly correlated ( r = .29-.56; p < .001) with each other and with the overall SCGS-A score ( r = .57-.77; p < .001). CONCLUSION: The SCGS-A manifested an acceptable reliability and validity in Saudi nursing students, which supports its sound psychometric properties. With the establishment of this valid and reliable tool, timely and accurate assessment of student nurses' perceptions about spirituality and spiritual care can be facilitated.

Spirituality and spiritual care perspectives among baccalaureate nursing students in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: No study has been undertaken to understand how spirituality and spiritual care is perceived and implemented by Saudi nursing students undergoing training for their future professional roles as nurses. OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to investigate the perception of Baccalaureate nursing students toward spirituality and spiritual care. DESIGN: A descriptive, cross-sectional design was employed. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of 338 baccalaureate nursing students in two government-run universities in Saudi Arabia was included in this study. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire, consisting of a demographic and spiritual care background information sheet and the Spiritual Care-Giving Scale Arabic version (SCGS-A), was used for data collection. A multivariate multiple regression analysis and multiple linear regression analyses were performed accordingly. RESULTS: The mean value on the SCGS-A was 3.84±1.26. Spiritual perspective received the highest mean (4.14±1.45), followed by attribute for spiritual care (3.96±1.48), spiritual care attitude (3.81±1.47), defining spiritual care (3.71±1.51) and spiritual care values (3.57±1.47). Gender, academic level and learning spiritual care from classroom or clinical discussions showed a statistically significant multivariate effect on the five factors of SCGS-A. CONCLUSIONS: Efforts should be done to formally integrate holistic concept including all the facets of spirituality and spiritual care in the nursing curriculum. The current findings can be used to inform the development and testing of holistic nursing conceptual framework in nursing education in Saudi Arabia and other Arab Muslim countries.

Psychometric Evaluation of the Spiritual Coping Strategies Scale Arabic Version for Saudi Nursing Students.

AIM: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spiritual Coping Strategies scale Arabic version (SCS-A) in a sample of nursing students in Saudi Arabia. METHOD: This study had a cross-sectional design with a convenience sample of 100 nursing students in Saudi Arabia. Using the SCS-A and the Muslim Religiosity Scale for data collection, data were analyzed to establish the reliability and validity of the SCS-A. FINDINGS: Good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α > .70) and stability reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient > .80) were observed. Two dominant factors were extracted from the scale items, the nonreligious coping strategies and religious coping strategies, which accounted for 35.5% and 32.7% of the variance, respectively. The religious coping subscale exhibited a strong positive correlation with the religious practices subscale of the Muslim Religious Involvement Scale ( r = .45, p < .001) and total religiosity score ( r = .48, p < .001) as well as a weak positive correlation with the intrinsic religious beliefs subscale ( r = .25, p < .05). No significant relationship was found between nonreligious coping subscale and the Muslim Religious Involvement Scale. CONCLUSION: The SCS-A exhibited an acceptable validity and reliability, supporting its sound psychometric properties with respect to the responses from Saudi nursing students.

Religiosity and Health-Related Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Study on Filipino Christian Hemodialysis Patients.

This study aimed to measure the religiosity and health-related quality of life of Filipino Christian HD patients. A cross-sectional study of 100 HD patients was conducted. The Duke University Religion Index and the Ferrans and Powers QLI Dialysis Version-III were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson r correlation. Attendance to organizational religious activities and NORA were found to be correlated with some of the dimensions of HRQoL. Intrinsic religiosity showed a strong, positive correlation with HRQoL. It is essential to attend to and nourish their religious needs. Holistic approach in providing care to HD patients, with emphasis on spiritual care, is encouraged to improve their total health.