[Analysis of commercial grades of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus based on schisantherin].

Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus, from different producing areas, were collected and divided into three grades. The moisture content and total ash were determined on the basis of the pharmacopoeia method, and schisantherin was determined by UPLC. The study is aimed to find the commercial specifications and grades of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus based on schisantherin content. The results showed that the content of water, total ash and schisantherin of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus from different producing areas qualified. There was no significant difference between different grades of schisandrin content, but the second-class were the highest, first-class and third-class were lower. It means that schisandrin content is not positive correlation to commercial grade. The study will be helpful to the production, management and clinical practice of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus.

[Prediction of the potential distribution of Tibetan medicinal Lycium ruthenicum in context of climate change].

To predict the suitable distribution patterns of Lycium ruthenicum in the present and future under the background of climate change, and provide reference for the resources sustainable utilization and GAP standardized planting. The software of Maxent and ArcGis was used to predict the potential suitable regions and grades of L. ruthenicum in China based on the 149 distribution information, climate data of contemporary (1950-2000) and future (20-80 decade of 21 century), and considering of three greenhouse gaseous emission scenario. The results showed that：the suitable distribution regions of L. ruthenicum are mainly concentrated in Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Neimenggu, and Ningxia province in present. In addition, Shaanxi, Shanxi and Xizang are also distribution regions.The suitable distribution area of L. ruthenicum is 284.506 949×104 km2, accounted for 29.6% of the land area of China.The relatively stable area of the suitable regions accounted for 25.2% of the total suitable region area.Under the background of climate change, compared with contemporary, the total area of suitable region is reducing and moderately suitable area is increasing at different degree at the 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 decade of 21 century. Climate change both can change the total area of suitable regions and habitat suitability of L. ruthenicum. It could provide a strategic guidance for protection, development and utilization of L. ruthenicum though the prediction of potential suitable regions distribution of L. ruthenicum based on the mainly factor of climate change.

[Production regionalization study of Isatidis Radix].

In this research, we collected information of eighty nine sampling points of Isatidis Radix nationwide through data query and field survey, and the medicinal component contents of samples were determined by HPLC. By using Maxent Model and ArcGIS, along with ecological factor data, the national habitat suitability distribution of Isatidis Radix was predicted. R-language was adopted to establish a model of the relationship between the medicinal component contents and ecological factors. The medicinal quality was divided by ArcGIS grid computing. The results indicated that the three main ecological factors affecting the distribution of Isatidis Radix were precipitation in the driest season, mean annual temperature and mean temperature in the wet season. The suitable cultivation region of Isatidis Radix is mainly distributed in the north of China, but the medicinal quality is quite different, Isatidis Radix in Xinjiang province has higher medicinal quality. This study provides a reference for rational selection of planting areas of Isatidis Radix.

[Survey and protective utilization of Lycium ruthenicum resources distributed in middle and lower reaches of Heihe river].

This study was aimed to investigate the qualitative and quantitative distributions of Lycium ruthenicum resources in the middle and lower reaches of Heihe River, for providing scientific evidence for the protective utilization of the resources in the corresponding geographic region. The outdoor sample plot and quadrat survey, literature search, sample collection, in-house identification and classification were performed by route surveying and visiting to the local natives and/or herb farmers based on the current distribution data of the L. ruthenicum resources in the middle and lower reaches of Heihe River. The distributive pattern of the resources was analyzed using ArcGIS program. The data regarding the category/distributed area and the genetic resources of the L. ruthenicum were collected. The data collected in this study may provide the scientific evidence for the protective utilization of the L. ruthenicum resources in the corresponding geographic region, allowing for the avoidance of the ecological environment from being damaged by improper utilization.

[Relationship between seedling grade of Codonopsis pilosula and yield and quality of medicinal materials].

The study is aimed to research the relationship between the seedling grade of Codonopsis pilosula and yield and quality of medicinal materials, so as to provide basis for establishing seedling standard. Thirty seedlings of C. pilosula were collected from the main production areas in Gansu province, such as Weiyuan, Minxian, Zhangxian, Dangchang and Longxi, root length and diameter and weight of all the samples were measured. According to the clustering results, seedlings were divided into 3 levels, and field experiments were conducted with three levels seedling, yield and quality were tested in laboratory. Results have showed that emergence of grades 1 was faster than that of grades 2 and 3. Yield of grades 1 was significantly higher than that of grades 2 and 3 (P<0.05). Propargyl glycoside content of grades 1 was the highest, and significantly higher than that of grades 3. Polysaccharide content of grades 3 was the highest and significantly higher than that of grades 1 and 2 (P<0.05). So considering yield, quality and investment cost of C. pilosula, planting seedlings of C. pilosula should select that root length>15.6 cm, root diameter>2.7 mm, root weight>0.56 g.

[Study on the quality and genetic diversity of Gentiana macrophylla pall of different habitats].

OBJECTIVE: To study the quality and genetic diversity in Gentiana macrophylla of different habitats for controlling the quality of Gentiana macrophylla. METHODS: Main characteristics and microscopic identification were adapted to identify Gentiana macrophylla; HPLC method was applied for analysising the contents of Gentiana macrophylla. RAPD method was applied to study genetic structure and genetic diversity of Gentiana macrophylla. RESULTS: The experiment showed that the Gentiana macrophylla of different habitats have different main charactericstics, microscopic identifications and contents, and effective ingredient contents of gentiopicroside. The levels of population genetic diversity of various groups followed by HUANGZHONG County population (K) > HUAN County population (J) > ZiWU Mountain population (H). CONCLUSION: The study of external morphology, internal structure, active ingredient content and genetic level of Gentiana macrophylla from different areas provides a scientific basis for protecting wild species and ensuring the quality in introducing and cultivating Gentiana macrophylla.