Physical properties and antibacterial activity of herbal tinctures of calendula (Calendula officinalis L) and cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale L)

Objective: To evaluate in vitro the pH, Brix and antibacterial activity of herbal tinctures of calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) and cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale L.) against the following bacterial strains: Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), Streptococcus oralis (ATCC 10557), Streptococcus salivarius (ATCC 9758), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Eikenella corrodens (ATCC 23834). Material and Method: The strains were reactivated in agar Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) and seeded in blood agar with BHI. Susceptibility tests were performed and the strains were incubated in microaerophilia (37 °C) for 48 h. Chlorhexidine at 0.12% was used as a positive control and distilled water as a negative control. Dilution of the tinctures was carried out from 1:1 (pure form) to 1:64 in alcohol 70%, which is found in their composition, in order to evaluate a possible influence of alcohol on the antibacterial activity of the tinctures. O Bx readings were made by refractometry using an Abbe refractometer and the pH was measured using a digital pH meter. Results: The calendula tincture had pH=5.43 and 18 °Brix and cashew tree tincture had pH=7.2 and 17 °Brix. The cashew tree tincture did not presentantibacterial activity against S. oralis, but it inhibited the growth of all other bacteria up to the 1:64 dilution. The calendula tincture presented antibacterial activity against S. oralis up to 1:16 dilution (6.5 mm halo diameter); against S. mutans and S. salivarius up to 1:32 dilution (7 and 7.5 mm halo diameter, respectively); and against E. faecalis and E. corrodens up to 1:64 dilution. Alcohol 70% did not show any antibacterial activity against the bacterial strains. Conclusion: The tinctures of calendula and cashew tree have soluble solids, have different pH values and present a significant antibacterial activity against several bacterial strains, except for the cashew tree tincture against S. oralis, which was ineffective...

Avaliação da atividade antibacteriana das tinturas de Hamamelis virginiana L. e Stryphnodendron rotundifolium Mart. frente a bactérias bucais / Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Hamamelis virginiana L. andStryphnodendron rotundifolium Mart. tinctures against oral bacteria

Objetivo: Avaliar, in vitro, a atividade antibacteriana dastinturas de Hamamélis (Hamamelis virginiana L.) eBarbatimão (Stryphnodendron rotundifolium Mart.) sob as bactérias Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175),Streptococcus oralis (ATCC 10557) e Streptococcussalivarius (ATCC 9758). Materiais e Metodos: Utilizou-se aclorexidina 0,12% como controle positivo. Água destilada e álcool 70% foram escolhidos como controles negativos.Efetivou-se a diluição das tinturas desde 1:1 (forma pura)até 1:64 (D6) em álcool 70%, o qual está presente na fórmula das tinturas fitoterápicas. O meio de cultura bacteriana utilizado foi o Brain Heart Infusion (BHI), havendo as emeadura em placas de petri com auxílio de swabs.Realizou-se o teste de suscetibilidade e, em seguida, foram incubadas a 37°C, em microaerofilia, por 48 horas. O estudo foi realizado em duplicata e os halos foram mensurados como auxílio de um paquímetro manual. Resultados: O controle positivo apresentou halos de inibição de 16, 15, e 16 mmpara S. mutans, S. oralis e S. salivarius, respectivamente.Nenhuma das tinturas avaliadas, em quaisquer formas,diluídas ou puras, obteve halos de inibição para estas bactérias bucais. A água destilada e o álcool também não promoveram atividade. Conclusão: As tinturas da Hamamélise Barbatimão não apresentam atividade antibacteriana sobreS. mutans, S. oralis e S. salivarius.

Objective: To evaluate the in vitro the antibacterial activity ofthe Hamamelis (Hamamelis virginiana L.) and Barbatimão(Stryphnodendron rotundifolium Mart.) tinctures againstStreptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), Streptococcus oralis(ATCC 10557) and Streptococcus salivarius (ATCC 9758).Material and Methods: Chlorhexidine (0.12%) was used aspositive control. Distilled water and 70% alcohol were chosenas negative controls. The dilution of the tinctures was carriedout from 1:1 (pure form) to 1:64 (D6) in 70% alcohol, which isfound in the tinctures formula. The culture medium Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) was used, and microorganisms were inoculatedon petri plates using swabs. Plates were incubated at 37 ºC,in microaerophilia, for 48 hours. Tests were performed induplicate and halos were measured using a manual caliper.Results: The positive control showed inhibition halos of 16,15, and 16 mm on S. mutans, S. oralis and S. salivarius,respectively. None of the tinctures evaluated, in any form(diluted or pure), were found to show inhibition halos onthese oral bacteria. Distilled water and 70% alcohol did not exhibit activity. Conclusion: The tinctures of Hamamelis and Barbatimão did not demonstrated antibacterial activity on S.mutans, S. oralis and S. salivarius.

Atividade antimicrobiana de produtos naturais frente a bactérias formadoras do biofilme dentário / Antimicrobial activity of herbal products against dental biofilm forming bacteria

Objeti vo: Verifi car, in vitro, o efeito anti microbiano do pólen e dos extratos alcoólico e aquoso da própolis em suas formas pura e diluídas sobre cepas de referência Streptococcus mutans ATCC25175, Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 7073, Streptococcus mitis ATCC 903 e Lactobacillus casei ATCC 9595 pela determinação da Diluição Inibitória Máxima (DIM). Método: Uti lizou-se a clorexidina como controle positivo e água desti lada e álcool de cereais 70% como controles negativos. Efetuou-se a diluição das soluções de 1:1 até 1:64dos extratos alcoólico e aquoso da própolis diluídos em álcool 70% e água desti lada, respecti vamente. O pólen foi diluído em álcool, por ser uma substancia apolar, nas concentrações de 5% (quanti dade presente na composição química da própolis) e 50%. Cada linhagem bacteriana foi reati vada em caldo nutritivo Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) e semeadas as placas com auxílio de swabs, procedendo-se com testes de susceti bilidade, em duplicata, por meio do método da difusão em ágar e técnicado ágar recortado. Em seguida, foram incubadas a 37°C, em microaerofilia, por 48h. Resultados: Constatou-se que todas as diluições da própolis alcoólica inibiram o crescimento bacteriano enquanto a própolis aquosa mostrou os menores resultados tendo efeitoapenas sobre S. miti s na forma pura e nas diluições de 1:1 até 1:4. O pólen a 5% foi efi ciente sobre todas as bactérias, porém o pólen a 50% teve ação apenas sobre S. mitis. Os controlesnegati vos não apresentaram ati vidade. Conclusão: Apesar da própolis e do pólen apresentarem atividade anti microbiana contra as cepas de referência superiorà do placebo, esta, porém, foi inferior à da clorexidina.

Objective: To evaluate, in vitro, the antimicrobial effect of pollen and alcoholic and aqueous propolis extracts in their pure and diluted forms against reference strains Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 7073, Streptococcus mitis ATCC 903 and Lactobacillus casei ATCC 9595, by determination of Maximum Inhibitory Dilution (MID). Methods: Chlorhexidine was used as a positive control and distilled water and 70% grain alcohol as negative controls. The alcoholic and aqueous propolis extracts were subjected to dilutions from 1:1 to 1:64 in 70% alcohol and distilled water, respectively. For being an apolar substance, pollen was diluted in alcohol at the concentrations of 5% (amount present in the chemical composition of propolis) and 50%. Each bacterial strain was reactivated in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth and seeded onto plates with swabs, and the susceptibility tests were performed in duplicate by the agar diffusion method using the agar well technique. Next, the plates were incubated at 37øC in microaerophilia during 48 hours. Results: All dilutions of alcoholic propolis extract inhibited the bacterial growth while the aqueous propolis extract showed less efficient results, being effective only against S. mitis in its pure form and in the 1:1 to 1:4 dilutions. Pollen at 5% was efficient against all bacteria, but pollen at 5% had action only against S. mitis. The negative controls did not present antimicrobial activity. Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity of propolis and pollen against the reference strains was higher than that of placebo but lower than that of chlorhexidine.