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Objective:This study aimed to investigate the change of the position of the tongue before and after combined treatment of maxillary expansion and orofacial myofunctional therapy in children with mouth-breathing and skeletal class â ¡malocclusion. Methods:A total of 30 children with skeletal class â ¡ malocclusion and unobstructed upper airway were selected. The 30 children were divided into mouth-breathing groupï¼n=15ï¼ and nasal-breathing groupï¼n=15ï¼ and CBCT was taken. The images were measured by Invivo5 software. The measurement results of the tongue position of the two groups were analyzed by independent samples t-test. 15 mouth-breathing children with skeletal class â ¡ malocclusion were selected for maxillary expansion and orofacial myofunctional therapy. CBCT was taken before and after treatment, the measurements were analyzed by paired sample t test with SPSS 27.0 software package. Results:The measurement of the tongue position of the mouth-breathing and nasal-breathing groups were compared, the differences were statistically significantï¼P<0.05ï¼. The measurement of the tongue position showed significant difference after the combined treatment of maxillary expansion and orofacial myofunctional therapy in children with mouth-breathing and skeletal class â ¡malocclusionï¼P<0.05ï¼. Conclusion:Skeletal class â ¡ malocclusion children with mouth-breathing have low tongue posture. The combined treatment of maxillary expansion and orofacial myofunctional therapy can change the position of the tongue.
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Má Oclusão , Terapia Miofuncional , Criança , Humanos , Terapia Miofuncional/métodos , Respiração Bucal/terapia , Técnica de Expansão Palatina , Língua , Má Oclusão/terapiaRESUMO
Background: Low thyroxine (T4) levels have been observed in critically ill patients; however, controversial results regarding T4 supplemental therapy are reported. The association between serum free T4 (FT4) levels and mortality in critically ill patients has not been fully established and needs to be clarified. Methods: Data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV were collected and analyzed. The association between FT4 level and 30-day mortality after ICU admission was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves, spline smoothing fitting, martingale residuals of the null Cox model, and restricted cubic spline (RCS). Logistic regression, Cox regression, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were used to uncover the relationship and predictive value of serum FT4 and 30-day mortality in critically ill patients. Results: In the final analysis, 888 patients were enrolled, and the serum FT4 levels were divided into four groups. A significant difference in 30-day mortality was observed between the four groups. Kaplan-Meier curves also presented significantly higher 30-day mortality in groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.0001). Further multivariance logistic regression showed that group 1 with FT4 levels lower than 0.7 µg/dl can predict 30-day mortality (odds ratio (OR) = 3.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04-11.31). Spline smoothing fitting analysis showed a "V"-shaped line between 30-day mortality and FT4 level within 0-3 µg/dl. Further RCS analysis showed that the risk of death decreased rapidly as FT4 levels increased when serum FT4 levels were lower than 1.2 µg/dl and started to become flat afterward. The area under the ROC of the lower FT4 level to predict 30-day mortality was 0.833 (95% CI = 0.788-0.878). Both multivariant Cox regression and logistic regression showed that FT4 levels lower than 1.2 µg/dl can independently predict 30-day mortality when adjusted for other potential confounders (HR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.14-0.82; OR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.06-0.79, respectively), but its predictive power disappeared when adjusted for T3 or total T4. Conclusion: Serum FT4 levels were significantly negatively associated with 30-day mortality when they were lower than 1.2 µg/dl and could predict the risk of 30-day mortality. A higher FT4 level is potentially related to increased 30-day mortality.
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Estado Terminal , Tiroxina , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Testes de Função Tireóidea , Cuidados CríticosRESUMO
Many studies have shown that caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) has various functions, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity, but its low bioavailability and stability limit its application. In this study, the colorectal targeted delivery system for CAPE based on a solid-in-oil-in-water (S/O/W) multilayer emulsion was prepared using CAPE-loaded nanoparticles as the solid phase, coconut oil as the oil phase, and a mixture of lecithin and sodium caseinate as the aqueous phase. The stability of the O/W interfacial layer was improved by using a sodium casein-lecithin mixture as the aqueous surface layer in the preparation. This S/O/W emulsion is a spherical droplet with an S/O/W trilayer structure with a particle size of 155.5 ± 0.72 nm and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.24 ± 0.01. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results confirmed that CAPE was successfully loaded into the S/O/W emulsion. This S/O/W emulsion was able to maintain a stable liquid state at pH 6.00-7.4 or cholate concentration of 0-50 mg/mL but showed a gel state at pH 2.0-3.0. The storage experiments demonstrated that the S/O/W emulsion was stable for 15 days at 4 °C, but was prone to agglomeration and emulsion breakage at 25 °C. The in vivo digestion process indicated that the S/O/W emulsion was gradually digested in the digestive tract and released solid phase nanoparticles in the large intestine. Therefore, this newly developed targeted delivery system can effectively deliver CAPE to the colorectum and achieve a 12-hour delayed release, which improved the bioavailability and activity of CAPE.
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Caseínas , Lecitinas , Antioxidantes/química , Ácidos Cafeicos , Colatos , Óleo de Coco , Digestão , Emulsões/química , Álcool Feniletílico/análogos & derivados , Sódio , Água/químicaRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Scutellariabarbata D. Don extraction (SBE), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been proved effective against various malignant disorders in clinics with tolerable side-effects when administered alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic regimens. AIM OF THIS STUDY: Multi-drug resistance of cancer is attributed to existence of cancer stemness-prone cells that harbor aberrantly high activation of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) cascade. Our previous study has demonstrated that SBE sensitized non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells to Cisplatin (DDP) treatment by downregulating SHH pathway. Yet, whether SBE could prohibit proliferation of cancer stemness-prone cells and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be investigated. In this article, we further investigated intervention of SBE on NSCLC cell stemness-associated phenotypes and its potential mode of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CCK-8 and clonal formation detection were used to measure the anti-proliferative potency of SBE against NSCLC and normal epithelial cells. Sphere formation assay and RQ-PCR were used to detect proliferation of cancer stemness cells and associated marker expression upon SBE incubation. Mechanistically, DARTS-WB and SPR were used to unveil binding target of SBE. Immunodeficient mice were implanted with patient derived tumor bulk for in vivo validation of anti-cancer effect of SBE. RESULTS: SBE selectively attenuated proliferation and stemness-like phenotypes of NSCLC cells rather than bronchial normal epithelial cells. Drug-protein interaction analysis revealed that SBE could directly bind with stem cell-specific transcription factor sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) and interfere with the SOX2/SMO/GLI1 positive loop. In vivo assay using patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) model further proved that SBE diminished tumor growth and SOX2 expression in vivo. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that SBE represses stemness-related features of NSCLC cells via targeting SOX2 and may serve as an alternative therapeutic option for clinic treatment.
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Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Células A549 , Animais , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Linhagem Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos SCID , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição SOXB1/metabolismo , Scutellaria , Receptor Smoothened/metabolismo , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto , Proteína GLI1 em Dedos de Zinco/metabolismoRESUMO
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a known environmental endocrine disruptor that impairs development of testis and spermatogenesis. This study aims to explore the effects of STAT3/p53 and PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway on DEHP-induced reproductive toxicity in pubertal male rat. 24 6-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (Control, low-dose, middle-dose and high-dose group) and were treated with increasing concentration of DEHP (0, 250, 500, 1000 mg/kg/day) respectively for 28 consecutive days by intragastric administration. Our results showed that DEHP exposure induced obvious morphological changes of testis, decreased organ coefficient of testis and sperm count, and increased testicular cell apoptosis in the 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day DEHP groups (p < .05). The serum testosterone decreased in a dose-dependent manner after treatment with DEHP. Furthermore, the exposure of DEHP elevated the levels of oxidative stress accompanied by upregulated expression of p53 and reduced expression of STAT3. In addition, compared with the control group, the expression of PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR proteins significantly decreased, whereas the downstream autophagy-related proteins phosphorylated ULK1, Beclin-1, Atg7, LC3-II obviously increased in the 250 mg/kg/day DEHP group (p < .05). The expression of p62 was reduced in DEHP-treated groups. Our data indicated that autophagy could be activated to protect testes from DEHP-induced reproductive damage by inhibiting PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway in the 250 mg/kg/day DEHP group. STAT3/p53-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway might play a major role to cause testis injury and reproductive dysfunction in the 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day DEHP groups.
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Dietilexilftalato/toxicidade , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/metabolismo , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/metabolismo , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Animais , Dietilexilftalato/administração & dosagem , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Glutationa Peroxidase/genética , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/genética , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/genética , Maturidade Sexual , Superóxido Dismutase/genética , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/genética , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genéticaRESUMO
Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata (Fuzi) is an important, toxic traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely used in clinical practice. Due to the toxicity of its raw materials, it needs to be processed before application. The changes in the physicochemical properties of Fuzi starch during processing were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The results showed the following: morphological properties changed from spherical to irregular and polygonal particles, while the particle size increased significantly; amylose content and solubility decreased significantly; swelling power and water-binding capacity increased significantly; the X-ray diffraction peak disappeared, and the crystallinity decreased; and the gelatinization temperature and enthalpy decreased significantly. The properties of Fuzi starch were similar to those of pregelatinized starch. These results indicated that Fuzi starch undergone repeated processes of gelatinization and aging, which destroyed the original crystal structure of the starch.
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To observe the effect of polydatin on proliferation and apoptosis of cervical cancer HeLa cells and explore its possible mechanism. The growth inhibitory effect was detected with MTT assay. After HeLa cells were treated with different concentrations (50, 100, 150 µmolâ¢L⻹) of polydatin, MTT assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of polydatin on proliferation of HeLa cells; Acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining was used for morphological changes in apoptotic HeLa cellsï¼ Annexin/propidium iodide staining was applied to detect HeLa cell apoptotic rate. In addition, flow cytometry was employed to analyze apoptosis and cell cycle distributionï¼ RT-PCR and Western blot assay were used to detect PI3K, AKT, mTOR, and P70S6K mRNA and protein expression levels. The results showed that polydatin significantly inhibited HeLa cells proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Polydatin can cause S phase arrest for HeLa cells, promote cell apoptosis and decrease the mRNA and protein expression levels of PI3K, AKT, mTOR and P70S6K. It indicated that polydatin could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of cervical cancer HeLa cells, and the mechanism may be associated with inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and suppressing downstream gene expression.
Assuntos
Apoptose , Glucosídeos/farmacologia , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Estilbenos/farmacologia , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células , Feminino , Células HeLa , HumanosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the proliferative and protective effects of striatisporolide A (SA) obtained from the rhizomes of Athyrium multidentatum (Doell.) Ching on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS: Cell viability was measured by the MTT method. Cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. Intracellular ROS was measured by the 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescent probe. RESULTS: The viability rate in cells treated with 100 µM SA alone was increased to 128.72% ± 0.19% and showed a significant difference compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, SA augmented the cell viabilities in H2O2-treated HUVECs, and the cell viability was enhanced to 56.94% ± 0.13% (p < 0.01) when pre-incubated with 50 µM SA. The cell apoptosis rates were reduced to 2.17% ± 0.20% (p < 0.05) and 3.1% ± 0.34% (p < 0.01), respectively, after treatment with SA alone or SA/H2O2. SA inhibited the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HUVECs induced by H2O2 and the fluorescent intensity was abated to 9.47 ± 0.61 after pre-incubated with 100 µM SA. CONCLUSIONS: The biological activities of SA were explored for the first time. Our results stated that SA exhibited significant cytoproliferative and minor cytoprotective effects on HUVECs. We presume that the mechanisms of the proliferation and protection actions of SA involve interference with the generation of ROS and the cell apoptosis. These findings provide a new perspective on the biological potential of butenolides.
Assuntos
4-Butirolactona/análogos & derivados , Citoproteção , Gleiquênias/química , Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Rizoma/química , 4-Butirolactona/química , 4-Butirolactona/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana/metabolismo , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/farmacologia , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Extratos Vegetais/química , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismoRESUMO
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of catalpol administration on atherosclerosis. Atherogenesis was induced by a high-cholesterol chow in male New Zealand White rabbits that were randomly assigned to receive atorvastatin (5 mg/kg/day), catalpol (5 mg/kg/day), or vehicle by oral gavage for 12 weeks. The rabbits were sacrificed after 12 weeks, and the thoracic aorta and serum were collected for further pathological and molecular biological analysis. Catalpol administration resulted in significantly attenuated atherosclerotic lesions. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were remarkably reduced, and high-density lipid cholesterol was elevated in the catalpol-treated group. Catalpol reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in the serum, as well as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-α protein, inducible nitric oxide synthase, matrix metalloproteinases-9, and nuclear factor-κB protein65 in the aortic arch. In addition, catalpol treatment reduced the lipid peroxidation levels, while elevating antioxidant capacity. Catolpol pretreatment inhibited the nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity of nuclear factor-κB protein in oxygenized low-density lipoprotein-stimulated EA.hy926 cells. Furthermore, catolpol pretreatment activated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and upregulated the expression of its downstream antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase. In summary, catalpol attenuated atherosclerotic lesions by the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress status in a rabbit atherosclerotic model and enhanced the antioxidant capacity in oxygenized low-density lipoprotein-stimulated EA.hy926 cells. These results suggest that catalpol may be used to prevent and attenuate atherosclerosis.
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Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Aterosclerose/tratamento farmacológico , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/uso terapêutico , Hipercolesterolemia/complicações , Glucosídeos Iridoides/uso terapêutico , Fitoterapia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Aorta , Aterosclerose/sangue , Aterosclerose/etiologia , Aterosclerose/patologia , Linhagem Celular , Quimiocina CCL2/sangue , Citocinas/sangue , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Inflamação/sangue , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Molécula 1 de Adesão Intercelular/sangue , Glucosídeos Iridoides/farmacologia , Masculino , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/sangue , NF-kappa B/sangue , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Coelhos , Molécula 1 de Adesão de Célula Vascular/sangueRESUMO
Formaldehyde is a major industrial chemical and has been extensively used in the manufacture of synthetic resins and chemicals. Numerous studies indicate that formaldehyde can induce various genotoxic effects in vitro and in vivo. A recent study indicated that formaldehyde impaired antioxidant cellular defences and enhanced lipid peroxidation. Selenium is an important antioxidant. We hypothesized that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation are involved in formaldehyde-induced genotoxicity in human lung cancer cell line, A549 cell line. To test the hypothesis, we investigated the effects of selenium on formaldehyde-induced genotoxicity in A549 cell lines. The results indicated that exposure to formaldehyde showed the induction of DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs). Formaldehyde significantly increased the malondialdehyde levels and decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. In addition, the activations of necrosis factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) were induced by the formaldehyde treatment. The pretreatment with selenium counteracted the formaldehyde-induced oxidative stress, ameliorated DPCs and attenuated the activation of NF-κB and AP-1 in A549 cell lines. All the results suggested that the pretreatment with selenium attenuated the formaldehyde-induced genotoxicity through its ROS scavenging and anti-DPCs effects in A549 cell lines.
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Dano ao DNA , Formaldeído/toxicidade , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Selênio/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Testes de Mutagenicidade , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Selênio/química , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição AP-1/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: to examine the rate of periconceptional and optimal folic acid supplementation, and to characterise their patterns and determinants among antenatal women in central China. DESIGN: data from 4290 women in the Anhui Birth Defects and Child Development Cohort Study recruited between October 2008 and September 2009 were analysed. SETTING: seven Maternal and Child Health Centres of two cities (Hefei and Maanshan) in Anhui province of central China. PARTICIPANTS: women initiating prenatal care were included and asked to complete a structured questionnaire regarding folic acid supplementation. FINDINGS: sixty-eight per cent (2905/4290) of pregnant women reported taking folic acid supplementation periconceptionally (i.e. at some point before or during early pregnancy), and 32.8% (1405/4290) and 65.2% (2797/4290) had taken it before or during early pregnancy, respectively. However, only 16.1% (690/4290) used it optimally (i.e. regularly from four weeks before pregnancy throughout four weeks after pregnancy). Use of periconceptional folic acid was significantly associated with educational level, household income, registered residence, age, gestational age at recruitment, and planning of pregnancy. CONCLUSION: optimal folic acid supplementation was relatively low. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: further efforts are needed to inform the population and promote the use of folic acid supplementation.
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Suplementos Nutricionais/estatística & dados numéricos , Ácido Fólico/administração & dosagem , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Cuidado Pré-Concepcional/estatística & dados numéricos , Complexo Vitamínico B/administração & dosagem , Adulto , China/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Escolaridade , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Defeitos do Tubo Neural/prevenção & controle , Gravidez , Cuidado Pré-Natal/estatística & dados numéricos , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Pré-Natal , Classe Social , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Saúde da Mulher , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in human lower segments of myometrium obtained from women in labor and those not in labor and identify the splice variant of COX-2. METHODS: Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for investigating the expression of COX-2. According to the sequence of rat COX-2 splice variant, the primers were designed and synthesized, then the splice variant of COX-2 in human myometrium from woman in labor was identified, cloned into vector and sequenced. RESULTS: The results showed that (1) The Expression of COX-2 mRNA was lower in human myometrium obtained from women who were not in labor than those in labor. (2) A new band of COX-2 was obtained in myometrium from a woman in labor. The fragment includes an unspliced intron, which locates between exons 7 and 8. CONCLUSION: COX-2 gene is not only expressed highly in human myometrium from women in labor, but also produced splicing variant by alternative splicing.