Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 7 de 7
Filtrar
1.
Clin Geriatr Med ; 38(2): 303-322, 2022 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35410682

RESUMO

A literature review to identify nutritional factors and the prevention and management of knee or hip osteoarthritis (OA) suggests that nutritional interventions offer some health benefits in OA through mechanisms such as weight loss, reduced inflammation, and antioxidant capacity. However, because data are limited with mixed results, high-quality evidence, including longitudinal studies and clinical trials, are needed to understand whether nutritional supplementation effectively prevents or manages OA. Therefore, healthcare professionals should consider promoting diets rich in fiber, including whole grains, fruit, vegetables, nuts, seeds, and legumes or dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet, to their patients to manage OA.


Assuntos
Dieta Mediterrânea , Osteoartrite , Fibras na Dieta , Frutas , Humanos , Estado Nutricional , Osteoartrite/terapia , Verduras
2.
Nutrients ; 13(7)2021 Jul 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34371932

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: There are numerous guidelines developed for bone health. Yet, it is unclear whether the differences in guideline development methods explain the variability in the recommendations for vitamin D and calcium intake. The objective of this systematic review was to collate and compare recommendations for vitamin D and calcium across bone health guidelines, assess the methods used to form the recommendations, and explore which methodological factors were associated with these guideline recommendations. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and other databases indexing guidelines to identify records in English between 2009 and 2019. Guidelines or policy statements on bone health or osteoporosis prevention for generally healthy adults aged ≥40 years were eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers independently extracted recommendations on daily vitamin D and calcium intake, supplement use, serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level, and sunlight exposure; assessed guideline development methods against 25 recommended criteria in the World Health Organization (WHO) handbook for guideline development; and, identified types identified types of evidence underpinning the recommendations. RESULTS: we included 47 eligible guidelines from 733 records: 74% of the guidelines provided vitamin D (200~600-4000 IU/day) and 70% provided calcium (600-1200 mg/day) recommendations, 96% and 88% recommended vitamin D and calcium supplements, respectively, and 70% recommended a specific 25(OH)D concentration. On average, each guideline met 10 (95% CI: 9-12) of the total of 25 methodological criteria for guideline development recommended by the WHO Handbook. There was uncertainty in the association between the methodological criteria and the proportion of guidelines that provided recommendations on daily vitamin D or calcium. Various types of evidence, including previous bone guidelines, nutrient reference reports, systematic reviews, observational studies, and perspectives/editorials were used to underpin the recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: There is considerable variability in vitamin D and calcium recommendations and in guideline development methods in bone health guidelines. Effort is required to strengthen the methodological rigor of guideline development and utilize the best available evidence to underpin nutrition recommendations in evidence-based guidelines on bone health.


Assuntos
Remodelação Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Osso e Ossos/efeitos dos fármacos , Cálcio/administração & dosagem , Suplementos Nutricionais , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto/normas , Recomendações Nutricionais , Vitamina D/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Osso e Ossos/fisiopatologia , Cálcio/efeitos adversos , Suplementos Nutricionais/efeitos adversos , Medicina Baseada em Evidências/normas , Feminino , Nível de Saúde , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde/normas , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteoporose/diagnóstico , Osteoporose/epidemiologia , Osteoporose/fisiopatologia , Osteoporose/prevenção & controle , Vitamina D/efeitos adversos
3.
Bone ; 112: 51-57, 2018 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29660426

RESUMO

Meta-analyses of studies conducted among Western populations suggest that coffee consumption does not affect osteoporotic fracture risk. However, experimental studies have shown that the effect of caffeine on bone health may depend on dosage. We examined the associations between consumption of coffee, tea and caffeine and risk of hip fracture in an Asian cohort. In a population-based prospective cohort of 63,257 Chinese men and women aged 45-74 years in Singapore, a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess habitual consumption of coffee and tea at baseline. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for risk of hip fracture with adjustment for potential confounders. During a mean follow-up of 16.7 years, 2502 incident hip fracture cases were identified. Compared to coffee drinkers <1 cup/week, those who drank ≥4 cups/day had a statistically significant higher risk to develop hip fractures, the HR (95% CI) was 1.32 (1.07, 1.63) in the whole cohort analysis, 1.46 (1.01, 2.10) for men and 1.33 (1.02, 1.72) for women. Among postmenopausal women, compared to those who drank coffee <1 cup/week, drinking 2-3 cups/day was associated with the lowest risk [HR: 0.88 (0.76, 1.01)] and drinking ≥4 cups/day was associated with the highest risk [HR: 1.31 (1.00, 1.71)]. Similar associations with caffeine intake were found among postmenopausal women. Restricted spline analyses suggested a non-linear association between coffee/caffeine consumption and hip fracture risk in postmenopausal women (p for non-linearity ≤ 0.05). No association was found with tea consumption in either sex. These data suggest that drinking coffee ≥4 cups/day is associated with a higher hip fracture risk, while a moderate intake may alleviate risk in postmenopausal women. Future studies should corroborate these results to determine levels of optimal coffee consumption in relation to bone health.


Assuntos
Povo Asiático , Bebidas/efeitos adversos , Café/efeitos adversos , Saúde , Fraturas do Quadril/epidemiologia , Chá/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pós-Menopausa , Fatores de Risco , Singapura
4.
Nutrients ; 7(5): 3322-46, 2015 May 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25961321

RESUMO

Because of ongoing global ageing, there is a rapid worldwide increase in incidence of osteoporotic fractures and the resultant morbidity and mortality associated with these fractures are expected to create a substantial economic burden. Dietary modification is one effective approach for prevention of osteoporosis in the general population. Recently, B vitamins have been investigated for their possible roles in bone health in human studies. In this review, we provide different lines of evidence and potential mechanisms of individual B vitamin in influencing bone structure, bone quality, bone mass and fracture risk from published peer-reviewed articles. These data support a possible protective role of B vitamins, particularly, B2, B6, folate and B12, in bone health. However, results from the clinical trials have not been promising in supporting the efficacy of B vitamin supplementation in fracture reduction. Future research should continue to investigate the underlying mechanistic pathways and consider interventional studies using dietary regimens with vitamin B enriched foods to avoid potential adverse effects of high-dose vitamin B supplementation. In addition, observational and interventional studies conducted in Asia are limited and thus require more attention due to a steep rise of osteoporosis and hip fracture incidence projected in this part of the world.


Assuntos
Conservadores da Densidade Óssea/uso terapêutico , Densidade Óssea , Osso e Ossos/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteoporose/prevenção & controle , Fraturas por Osteoporose/prevenção & controle , Complexo Vitamínico B/uso terapêutico , Humanos
5.
J Nutr ; 144(4): 511-8, 2014 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24572035

RESUMO

Data on overall dietary pattern and osteoporotic fracture risk from population-based cohorts are limited, especially from Asian populations. This study examined the relation between overall diet and hip fracture risk by using principal components analysis (PCA) to identify dietary pattern specific to the study population and by using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) 2010 to assess dietary quality. The Singapore Chinese Health Study is a prospective population-based cohort that enrolled 63,257 Chinese men and women (including both pre- and postmenopausal women) aged 45-74 y between 1993 and 1998 in Singapore. Habitual diet was assessed by using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Two dietary patterns, the vegetable-fruit-soy (VFS) pattern and the meat-dim-sum (MDS) pattern, were derived by PCA. Overall dietary quality was assessed according to the AHEI 2010, which was defined a priori for chronic disease prevention. A Cox regression model was applied with adjustment for potential confounders. In both genders, higher scores for the VFS pattern and the AHEI 2010 were associated with lower risk of hip fracture in a dose-dependent manner (all P-trend ≤ 0.008). Compared with the lowest quintile, participants in the highest quintile had a 34% reduction in risk (HR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.55, 0.78) for the VFS pattern and a 32% reduction in risk (HR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.79) for the AHEI 2010. The MDS pattern score was not associated with hip fracture risk. An Asian diet rich in plant-based foods, namely vegetables, fruit, and legumes such as soy, may reduce the risk of hip fracture.


Assuntos
Comportamento Alimentar , Frutas , Fraturas do Quadril/prevenção & controle , Política Nutricional , Cooperação do Paciente , Alimentos de Soja , Verduras , Idoso , Estudos de Coortes , Comportamento Alimentar/etnologia , Feminino , Promoção da Saúde , Fraturas do Quadril/epidemiologia , Fraturas do Quadril/etnologia , Humanos , Incidência , Perda de Seguimento , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fraturas por Osteoporose/epidemiologia , Fraturas por Osteoporose/etnologia , Fraturas por Osteoporose/prevenção & controle , Cooperação do Paciente/etnologia , Análise de Componente Principal , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Singapura
6.
Anticancer Res ; 31(9): 2699-704, 2011 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21868510

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Pomegranate extract (PE) is a standardized whole-fruit extract of pomegranate, a fruit with known anticancer properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PANC-1 and AsPC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells were used as in vitro models to test the effects of PE. RESULTS: PE treatment induced cell cycle arrest and inhibited cell proliferation in PANC-1 cells. PE treatment increased the proportion of cells lacking CD44 and CD24 expression, which are associated with increased tumor-initiating ability, demonstrating that PE altered cell phenotype. PE was more effective in inhibiting the proliferation of PANC-1 cells than the clinically used dose of paclitaxel. Similar results were obtained in the AsPC-1 cell line. Individual pomegranate phytochemicals were only modestly effective in inhibiting cell proliferation, suggesting that unidentified phytochemicals are responsible for the inhibitory effect of PE. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that PE is a promising candidate for further preclinical testing for treatment of human pancreatic cancer.


Assuntos
Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Lythraceae/química , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Antígeno CD24/imunologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Humanos , Receptores de Hialuronatos/imunologia , Imunofenotipagem , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/imunologia
7.
Oncol Rep ; 24(4): 1087-91, 2010 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20811693

RESUMO

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is known to possess anticancer activities. The effects of a standardized extract of pomegranate (PE) on a mouse mammary cancer cell line (designated WA4) derived from mouse MMTV-Wnt-1 mammary tumors were examined in this study. The WA4 cell line has been previously characterized as containing a majority of cells possessing stem cell characteristics. PE inhibited the proliferation of WA4 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. This was due to an arrest of cell cycle progression in the G0/G1 phase. PE was also cytotoxic to quiescent WA4 cells in a concentration-dependent manner at concentrations >10 microg/ml. PE treatment of WA4 cells resulted in an increase in caspase-3 enzyme activity in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, indicating that the cytotoxic effect of PE was due to the induction of apoptosis. We tested the effect of several individual phytochemicals derived from PE on WA4 cells. Ellagic acid, ursolic acid and luteolin caused a time- and concentration-dependent reduction of cell proliferation and viability, suggesting that they contribute to the inhibitory effect of PE, while caffeic acid had no effect. Cancer stem cells, which are highly resistant to conventional chemotherapeutic agents, are thought to be the origin of both primary and secondary breast tumors, and thus are a critical target in both breast cancer therapy and prevention. These data suggest that PE, which is a proven and safe dietary supplement, has promise as an treatment against breast cancer by preventing proliferation of cancer stem cells.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Lythraceae/química , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/efeitos dos fármacos , Fitoterapia/métodos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Cafeicos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Elágico/farmacologia , Técnicas In Vitro , Luteolina/farmacologia , Vírus do Tumor Mamário do Camundongo , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Triterpenos/farmacologia , Ácido Ursólico
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA