Analysis of Pharmacological Activities and Mechanisms of Essential Oil in Leaves of C. grandis 'Tomentosa' by GC-MS/MS and Network Pharmacology.

BACKGROUND: Citrus grandis 'Tomentosa,' a fruit epicarp of C. grandis 'Tomentosa' or C. grandis (L.) Osbeck is widely used in health food and medicine. Based on our survey results, there are also rich essential oils with bioactivities in leaves, but the chemical compounds in this part and relevant pharmacological activities have never been studied systematically. Therefore, this study was to preliminarily decipher the pharmacological activities and mechanisms of the essential oil in leaves of C. grandis 'Tomentosa' by an integrated network pharmacology approach. METHODS: Essential oil compositions from leaves ofC. grandis 'Tomentosa' were identified using GC-MS/MS. And then, the targets of these oil compositions were predicted and screened from TCMSP, SwissTargetPrediction, STITCH and SEA databases. STRING database was used to construct the protein-protein interaction networks, and the eligible protein targets were input into WebGestalt 2019 to carry out GO enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Based on the potential targets, disease enrichment information was obtained by TTD databases. Cytoscape software was used to construct the component-target-disease network diagrams. RESULTS: Finally, 61 essential oil chemical components were identified by GC-MS/MS, which correspond to 679 potential targets. Biological function analysis showed 12, 19, and 12 GO entries related to biological processes, cell components and molecular functions, respectively. 43 KEGG pathways were identified, of which the most significant categories were terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, TNF signaling pathway and leishmaniasis. The component-target-disease network diagram revealed that the essential oil compositions in leaves of C. grandis 'Tomentosa' could treat tumors, immune diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and respiratory diseases, which were highly related to CHRM1, PTGS2, CASP3, MAP2K1 and CDC25B. CONCLUSION: This study may provide new insight into C. grandis 'Tomentosa' or C. grandis (L.) Osbeck and may provide useful information for future utilization and development.

Pharmacodynamics and mechanism of Zhuling Jianpi capsule on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced experimental colitis in rats / 中国药科大学学报

@#To investigate the pharmacodynamic effects and mechanism of Zhuling Jianpi capsule(Zhuling) on 2,4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced experimental colitis in rats.The experimental colitis model was established by enema with 2.5% TNBS.The rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,Changyanning (180 mg/kg) group and Zhuling low-dose (40 mg/kg) group and Zhuling high-dose (120 mg/kg) group.After modeling,the rats were executed after 7 days of drug treatment.During this period,the disease activity status of the rats was observed,and the body weights of the rats were recorded daily.At the end of the experiment,the colonic tissues were obtained for the analysis of the expression of hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining.The myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activity,mRNA expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-10) were determined, and the levels of intestinal tight junction proteins and serum inflammatory factor levels were measured.The results showed that compared with model group, the administration of Zhuling significantly alleviated the weight loss and elevated the disease activity index (DAI) caused by TNBS, relieved the shortening, edema and pathological damage of colonic tissue, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, destruction of crypt and loss of goblet cells, decreased the MPO enzyme activity of colonic tissue, iNOS and pro-inflammatory cytokines in colon, increased the levels of colonic tight junction protein (occludin, ZO-1), and decreased serum levels of inflammatory factors (IL-6,IL-1β).The results suggest that Zhuling administration ameliorates TNBS-induced experimental colitis in rats by decreasing the level of inflammatory factors and increasing the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins.This experiment could provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of Zhuling.

Signaling Pathways Related to Irritable Bowel Syndrome Treated by Traditional Chinese Medicine： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Irritable bowel syndrome （IBS） is a functional gastrointestinal disease， but it often causes extreme gastrointestinal discomfort and prolonged illness， which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. The global incidence rate is increasing year by year. Clinically， western medicine mainly uses oral antispasmodics， secretagogues， and antidepressants， but there are many disadvantages such as adverse reactions and poor long-term efficacy. Therefore， finding an efficient and safe treatment method is an urgent problem to be solved. A large number of studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine has definite curative and long-lasting effects on the treatment of IBS， which has become a hot research direction in recent years. By searching Chinese and foreign literature， it is found that electroacupuncture， moxibustion， Chinese medicine monomers， and compound decoctions are the main methods in the mechanism research of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of IBS-related pathways， and their signaling pathways involve nuclear transcription factor kappa B （NF-κB）， transient receptor potential vanillin subfamily 1 （TRPV1）， 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT）， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， and so on. Traditional Chinese medicine can repair intestinal inflammation， reduce visceral sensitivity， enhance intestinal mucosal barrier， and regulate intestinal motility by regulating this series of signaling pathways， thereby playing an important role in the treatment of IBS with multi-level， multi-link and multi-target characteristics. Based on the cell signaling pathways， this paper reviewed the research progress on the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of IBS， hoping to provide theoretical support and diagnosis and treatment ideas for the clinical treatment of IBS with traditional Chinese medicine.

Interpretation and Reflection on Measures for Ethical Review of Life Science and Medical Research Involving Humans / 中国医学伦理学

With the progress of life sciences and medicine and the improvement of laws, regulations and rules, to meet the objective needs and further standardize the ethical review of life sciences and medical research involving humans, it is necessary to refer to international ethical standards to integrate with international standards. On February 18, 2023, the National Health Commission, together with the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, issued the Measures for the Ethical Review of Life Sciences and Medical Research Involving Humans. The scope of this revision is large, the content is more detailed, and many details and specific requirements are added. It expanded the extent of jurisdiction to include colleges and universities, scientific research institutes and other institutions; the scope of review included the field of life sciences; the ethical review and supervision efficiency problems caused by the requirement of multiple departments coordinated supervision required the cooperation of the National Health Commission, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine to strengthen communication and implement supervision. It emphasized the management of conflict of interest, strengthened the protection of privacy and data management, clarified the application of summary procedure review, as well as added the ethical review exemption and the submission of initial review materials, key review content, approval criteria and informed consent content, which improved the operability. It proposed solutions or directions for urgent needs and issues of close concern, allowed commissioned review, strengthened follow-up review, registration and filing, and explored three-level supervision, ethical review collaboration mechanisms, and the construction of regional ethics committees. By continuously improving ethical review and supervision to ensure the safety and rights of research participants, promote the quality of life science and medical research in China, and enhance the international competitiveness of life science and medical research involving humans in China.

Three-dimensional multi-component analysis of Aurantii Fructus quality and research on influencing factors / 中国中药杂志

The present study explored the consistency of the content proportions of active components of Aurantii Fructus and analyzed the influencing factors based on three-dimensional multi-component analysis. A total of 839 Aurantii Fructus samples in 65 research articles were analyzed using the three-dimensional multi-component analysis mode. The content data of flavonoid components(naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, narirutin, and nobiletin), coumarin components(meranzin and gluconolactone), and alkaloid(synephrine) in 386 samples which met the criteria of 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia were extracted and adjusted to percentages, and the content ratios between components were calculated. The influencing factors of Aurantii Fructus quality were analyzed. The results showed content ratios of components as follows: neohesperidin∶naringin in the range of 0.4-1.2; narirutin∶naringin in the range of 0.02-0.16; hesperidin∶naringin in the range of 0.01-0.3; nobiletin∶naringin in the range of 0.000 588 3-0.069 68; synephrine∶naringin in the range of 0.02-0.042; gluconolactone∶naringin in the range of 0.001-0.01; meranzin∶naringin in the range of 0.000 4-0.035. The quality of Aurantii Fructus was closely related to the origin, variety, harvesting time, and processing method of medicinal materials. Harvesting time had a greater impact on the quality of Aurantii Fructus, and the origin and variety had a certain impact on the quality of Aurantii Fructus. The findings of this study indicated that the ratios between flavonoid components, flavonoids and coumarin components, and flavonoids and alkaloids fluctuated. The production base should optimize the varieties, harvesting period, and processing methods of Aurantii Fructus to provide a scientific basis for the production of high-quality Aurantii Fructus.

Clinical study of Chaihu Shugan Powder in the treatment of cancer-related depression / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of Chaihu Shugan Powder in the treatment of liver qi and spleen deficiency syndrome on cancer related depression (CRD).Methods:A total of 63 patients with cancer related depression from our hospital during September 2018 to October 2019 were divided into observation group (42 cases) and control group (21 cases) according to the ratio of 2 :1. The observation group was applied with Chaihu Shugan Powder, while the control group was given placebo agent of Chaihu-Shugan with 2% Chaihu-Shugan Powder and 98% dextrin. Both groups were treated continuously for 42 days. We used HAMD24 and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Symptoms Scale to evaluate both before and after treatment. Results:The total efficiency about depression in the observation group was 71.4% (30/42) while the control group was 14.3% (3/21). The difference was statistically significant ( Z=-4.22, P<0.01). After treatment, The HAMD scales of the observation group was 18.67±3.55 while the control group was 24.71±3.74 ( P<0.05). The total effective rate of TCM syndrome in the observation group was 71.4% (30/42) and that in the control group was 14.3% (3/21). There was significant difference between the two groups ( Z=-4.00, P<0.01). TCM Syndrome Score of observation group was 55.33±17.59 while the control group was 62.04±10.72( t=-2.00, P<0.05). Conclusion:Chaihu Shugan Powder can effectively improve the anxiety and depression of CRD patients with syndrome of stagnation of liver qi and spleen deficiency.

Moxibustion regulates T-regulatory/T-helper 17 cell balance by modulating the microRNA-221/suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 axis in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) progression is associated with the balance of T-regulatory (Treg) and T-helper 17 (Th17) cells, while the role of microRNAs (miRs) in regulating Treg/Th17 cell balance has not been clarified. This study aimed to assess whether moxibustion could regulate Treg/Th17 cell balance by modulating the miR-221/suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) axis in the RA mouse model.@*METHODS@#A mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was established in male DBA/1J mice. Twenty-two days after CIA induction, the mice received daily treatment with moxibustion for 12 times. Pathological scores were assessed according to the levels of synovial hyperplasia. The expression levels of cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-17 and IL-10 were analyzed in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4+) splenocytes was analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The expression levels of RA-related miRs and target genes were subsequently detected, and the target of miR-221 was confirmed by the dual-luciferase reporter assay.@*RESULTS@#It was revealed that moxibustion treatment decreased the pathological scores and downregulated the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17, while upregulated the expression level of IL-10. The Treg/Th17 cell balance was regulated by moxibustion treatment. The expression level of miR-221 was suppressed by moxibustion treatment. Furthermore, SOCS3 was found as the direct target of miR-221, which mediated the function of moxibustion by regulating the Treg/Th17 cell balance.@*CONCLUSION@#Moxibustion therapy regulated the Treg/Th17 cell balance by modulating the miR-221/SOCS3 axis in the RA mouse model.

Textual research of Schizonepetae Herba and Schizonepetae Spica / 中国中药杂志

Schizonepetae Herba and Schizonepetae Spica are well-known Chinese herbal medicines for wind dispersing and exterior releasing. Through textual research on Schizonepetae Herba and Schizonepetae Spica, the discrimination of their medicinal parts in history was clarified, and the processing, the property(nature and flavor), meridian tropism, functions, indications, usage, dosage, and the selection of decoction pieces were compared to provide the basis for clinical application. As a result, the whole herb of Schizonepeta tenuifolia was used as medicine in the early records. The aerial part and the dried spike of S. tenuifolia were used as medicines separately in the Song Dynasty, which was recorded in the Atlas of Materia Medica(Ben Cao Tu Jing). Some ancient classics emphasized that only the dried spike could be used as medicine. The separation of Schizonepetae Herba and Schizonepetae Spica meets the different needs of clinical medication and supports the concept of rational development and utilization of Chinese medicine resources. About ten processing methods for Schizonepetae Herba and Schizonepetae Spica have been recorded since ancient times, and raw and charred drugs were the major products. Raw Schizonepetae Herba is required to be used in sections, whereas raw Schizonepetae Spica in clean preparation. Both charred products should avoid scorching. Schizonepetae Herba and Schizonepetae Spica are similar in the property(pungent, bitter, and warm), meridian tropism(lung and liver meridians, as well as qi and blood aspects), and functions(releasing exterior, dispersing wind, regulating and stopping blood, promoting eruption, dispelling sores, promoting digestion, eliminating alcohol effect, etc.), but Schizonepetae Spica is superior in efficacy. For Schizonepetae Herba and Schizonepetae Spica in traditional Chinese medicinal prescriptions, the raw and charred products are similar in usage and dosage, while their focuses in clinical compatibility vary. The raw and charred products of Schizonepetae Herba and Schizonepetae Spica are widely applied clinically. Decoction pieces of different specifications can result in different efficacies and clinical applications, so medication should be performed with caution.

Recent advances on genuineness evaluation of Lingnan herbal drugs / 中国中药杂志

Chinese medicine is the traditional treasure of China nation. As the basis of Chinese medicine, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) plays an important part for the development of Chinese medicine. Genuine medicinal materials with special characteristics of TCM growing in special ecological environment, is recognized as the high quality medicine. Research on genuineness evaluation of TCM is the key to ensure its clinical applications, efficacy and the process of modernization and internationalization for Chinese medicine. Lingnan region of China is situated in the tropical and subtropical zones, where there are rich geothermal and hydrothermal resources. The superior natural and geographic environment of Lingnan has given birth to a variety of native herbal drugs. And treating and preventing diseases with Lingnan herbal drugs has a long story. This study mainly evaluated the genuineness of Lingnan herbal drugs from the aspects of ecological factor, thegenetic information, the history, the culture, the clinical efficacy and the processing, and proposed a new idea to investigate the genuineness of TCM, aiming to provide a scientific basis for genuineness evaluation.

Traditional Chinese Medicine as a Remedy for Male Infertility: A Review

Male infertility (MI) is a complex multifactorial disease, and idiopathic infertility accounts for 30% of cases of MI. At present, the evidence for the effectiveness of empirical drugs is limited, and in vitro fertilization is costly and may increase the risk of birth defects and childhood cancers. Therefore, affected individuals may feel obliged to pursue natural remedies. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) may represent a useful option for infertile men. It has been demonstrated that TCM can regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis and boost the function of Sertoli cells and Leydig cells. TCM can also alleviate inflammation, prevent oxidative stress, reduce the DNA fragmentation index, and modulate the proliferation and apoptosis of germ cells. Furthermore, TCM can supply trace elements and vitamins, ameliorate the microcirculation of the testis, decrease the levels of serum anti-sperm antibody, and modify epigenetic markers. However, the evidence in favor of TCM is not compelling, which has hindered the development of TCM. This review attempts to elucidate the underlying therapeutic mechanisms of TCM. We also explore the advantages of TCM, differences between TCM and Western medicine, and problems in existing studies. Subsequently, we propose solutions to these problems and present perspectives for the future development of TCM.

Quality assessment of crude and processed Leonuri Fructus by chemical and color analysis combined with chemometric method / 中草药·英文版

Objective: Crude Leonuri Fructus (CLF), the fruits of the Leonurus japonicus Houtt, and processed Leonuri Fructus (PLF) by stir-baking as the important Chinese herbal medicines, have been used in China and other Asian countries for thousands of years. The objective of this research is to reveal the difference between CLF and PLF. Methods: The sensory technologies of the colorimetry, sensitive and validated HPLC-ELSD and GC combined with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) were employed to discriminate CLF and its processed product PLF. The color parameters of the samples were determined by colorimetric instrument CR-410. Moreover, the content of stachydrine and six fatty acids were determined by HPLC and GC. Subsequently, analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal components analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and Kendall's correlation test were performed for data analysis. Results: The CLF and PLF were divided into two categories by PCA and HCA in terms of their component content and color. The results distinctly demonstrated significant changes in color and the content of indicative components between CLF and PLF. Conclusion: The study revealed that HPLC, GC, and colorimetric method in combination with chemometric method could be used as comprehensive quality evaluation for CLF and PLF.

Relationship between rationed X receptor α mRNA expression in blood and skin lesion of residents exposed to arsenic via drinking water / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To detect retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) mRNA expression in blood of subjects exposed to different concentrations of arsenic via drinking water, to analyze the relationship between RXRα mRNA expression and skin lesion caused by arsenic,and further to explore the skin lesion mechanism of arsenic. Methods Study sites were selected by molecular epidemiology method from high arsenic drinking water area of Bayannur City. Two hundred and thirty-five subjects who had been lived in high arsenic area for more than 10 years were selected;blood samples and water samples were collected from the subjects; according to arsenic concentration in drinking water,they were divided into four groups,<10 μg/L(control group),10-<100 μg/L(low dose group),100- <200 μg/L (middle dose group), and ≥200 μg/L (high dose group). Skin hyperkeratosis and pigment abnormity examination were conducted. The RXRα mRNA expression level in blood samples was detected by real-time quantitative PCR, and then the relationship between expression of RXRα mRNA and different levels of arsenic exposure,and skin lesion induced by arsenic were analyzed. Results ①The results showed that there was a dose-effect relationship between the prevalence of hyperkeratosis, pigment abnormity and arsenic exposure (χ2= 14.597, 12.825, P < 0.05); ②With increasing of arsenic exposure, RXRα mRNA expression in blood decreased firstly and then increased (F = 8.312, P < 0.05), which were significantly different statistically from those of control [(1.20 ±0.53)×10-3]and low dose groups[(0.92 ± 0.49)×10-3,P<0.05];RXRα expression was significantly higher in high dose group[(1.40 ± 0.45)×10-3]than those of middle and low dose groups [(1.12 ± 0.58,0.92 ± 0.49)×10-3,P<0.05]; ③The RXRα mRNA expression in people with different level of skin damage (hyper keratosis and pigment abnormity)were statistically significant(F=4.206,4.389, P< 0.05); degree Ⅲ[(1.98 ± 0.38) × 10-3] hyperkeratosis patients compared with degree Ⅰ [(1.11 ± 0.52) × 10-3] and degree Ⅱ [(1.13 ± 0.42) × 10-3], RXRα mRNA expression was significantly different (P < 0.05), degree Ⅱ and higher degrees [(1.61 ± 0.54) × 10 -3] pigment abnormity patients compared with control [(1.15 ± 0.52)×10-3],RXRα mRNA expression was significantly different (P < 0.05). Conclusions Chronic arsenic exposure has an effect on RXRα mRNA expression in blood. There is a relationship between abnormal expression of RXRα mRNA and skin lesion induced by arsenic.

Advance in Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Skeletal Muscle in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation(NMES)is one of the electrotherapy that exerts a low-frequency current over the targeted nerves and muscles to induce skeletal muscle contractions to treat skeletal muscle dysfunction in patients.As an alternative rehabilitation modality,NMES is essential for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) who are unable to participate in conventional rehabilitation program.NMES could effectively improve the skeletal mus-cle strength,endurance,exercise capacity and quality of life of the patients with COPD.It may be related to remodeling skeletal muscle structure,reducing oxidative stress in skeletal muscle,and improving balance of skeletal muscle protein metabolism.

Effects of electroacupuncture on synaptic plasticity in hippocampal CA3 area of rats with chronic stress depression / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on behavioral function and synaptic plasticity in hippocampal CA3 area in rats with chronic stress depression.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the random number table method, 144 SD male rats were assigned into a blank group, a model group, an EA group and a fluoxetine group, then each group was divided into a 7 d subgroup, a 14 d subgroup and a 21 d subgroup, 12 rats in each subgroup. The chronic mild unpredictable stress stimulus combined with lonely breeding were applied to establish the depression model of rats, which was performed simultaneously with intervention treatment. The rats in the EA group were treated with EA (dilatational wave) at "Shenting" (GV 24) and "Baihui" (GV 20), while the rats in fluoxetine group were treated with intragastric administration of fluoxetine, once daily. With open-field test, sugar consumption experiment and transmission electron microscope, the changes of behavior and neuronal synapse inhippocampal CA3 area were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>On 7 d, 14 d and 21 d, compared with the blank group, the open-field test score, sugar consumption and body mass were significantly lower in the model group (all<0.01); compared with the model group, the open-field test score, sugar consumption and body mass were significantly higher in the EA group and the fluoxetine group on 14 d and 21 d (<0.01,<0.05). On 14 d and 21 d, compared with the blank group, the synapse in hippocampal CA3 area was significantly lower in the model group (both<0.01); compared with the model group, the synapse in hippocampal CA3 area was significantly higher in the EA group and the fluoxetine group (<0.01,<0.05). The neurons cells in hippocampal CA3 area in the model group showed pyknosis and deformation from 7 d with fusion structure and unclear boundary of synapse, which were significantly improved on 21 d; the neurons cells in hippocampal CA3 area in the EA group and the fluoxetine group were significantly improved from 14 d and restored to normal level on 21 d, in addition, the structure of synapse restored to normal level.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>EA is involved in the regulation of synaptic plasticity in hippocampal CA3 area, and promotes the recovery of depression symptoms.</p>

Anti-tumor target identification and molecular mechanism study of total saponins from Albizia julibrissin / 中国中药杂志

Dried stem bark from Albizia julibrissin(AJ) is a common traditional Chinese herb with several therapy effects including insomnia, anxiety and anti-tumor. Recently, the anti-tumor effect and mechanism studies of AJ have drawn much attention; however, there are still some troubles in chemical composition separation, which leads to the difficulties in pharmacological research of AJ. In this study, we firstly confirmed the proliferation inhibitory effect of total saponins from AJ(TSAJ)on human hepatocarcinoma(HepG2) cells, and also tested the apoptosis induction effect of TSAJ. Then, we successfully captured the potential target proteins from HepG2 lysates by using TSAJ-modified solid beads, and identified the target proteins by LC-MS/MS. Finally, we confirmed 5 target proteins including Exportin-2, Beta-actin-like protein 2, Myosin-9, Protein transport protein Sec61 subunit beta,and Cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone, which are responsible forcell apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation andmigration. In summary, our findings elucidate the potential anti-tumor mechanism of TSAJ from the direct target proteins, and provide a new insight for exploring the pharmacological mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine.

Research thinking and strategy on overall biopharmaceutics classification system of Chinese materia medica composition / 中草药

With the development of the modern Chinese materia medica (CMM) preparation, the design of CMM preparation faces more and more problems. Chemical medicine preparation design is based on biopharmaceutical properties. However, the question that how to make CMM preparation dosage form design reasonable becomes one of the main problems and the most difficult problem to solve. Based on the wholism concept of traditional Chinese medicine, this paper summarizes the components of the source. Through the research in CMM composition for many years, combining with the design basis of chemical medicine preparations, this study put forward research thoughts that selecting representative elements of CMM component, performing component "divergence" data analysis, similarity analysis, the weight coefficient method, and the efficacy contribution coefficient method to characterize the whole property of CMM components, in order to provide scientific basis for CMM components preparation.

Research progress on natural agonists of PPARs / 中草药

Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand activated transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily, including three subtypes (α, β, and γ). PPARs are responsible for a variety of metabolic processes in the cell, and the occurrence of metabolic syndrome and other diseases may be related to the abnormal regulation, which has become a hot research target in the medical and biological fields. At present, the synthesis of PPARs agonists in the market is accompanied with a series of side effects, therefore, the search for safe and effective PPARs agonists from natural products has become the main trend of current research.

Clinical research of ear acupuncture combined with mirtazapine in the treatment of insomnia / 中国基层医药

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of ear acupuncture combined with mirtazapine in the treatment of insomnia.Methods Sixty-two patients with insomnia diagnosed by CCMD-Ⅲ were randomly divided into two groups,31 patients in each group.The patients in the observation group were treated by ear acupuncture combined with mirtazapine,and the patients in the control group were treated by mirtazapine.The clinical efficacy was evaluated by SDRS after 4 weeks of treatment.Results The SDRS score of the observation group significantly decreased after one week of treatment [(13.40±5.79)points vs.(21.79±6.12)points,t=2.204,P＜0.05].The SDRS score of the control group significantly decreased after one week of treatment [(14.68±5.88)points vs.(22.67±6.06)points,t=2.198,P＜0.05].After 4 weeks of treatment,the clinical efficacy of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group (z=-2.209,P＜0.05),the SDRS score of the observation group was also significantly better than that of the control group (t=2.163,P＜0.05).Conclusion Ear acupuncture combined with mirtazapine has better effect in the treatment of insomnia patients,it has less side effects and lasting effects.

Hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy and nutrition / 中国医师杂志

Hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy is a disease which threatened maternal and children health worldwide.Nutrients are closely related to the occurrence and development of hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy.Excessive weight gain or obesity during pregnancy will greatly increase the risk of pregnancy complications.Balanced diet structure,proper intake of energy,and control of weight gain can effectively reduce the incidence of hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy.Folic acid supplementation is expected to be an effective way to prevent preeclampsia.Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy helps to control blood pressure,blood sugar,and blood lipids.Calcium,iron,zinc,selenium and other trace elements may be related to the incidence of hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy.Nutrients supplements during pregnancy may be helpful to prevent the occurrence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.

Hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy and nutrition / 中国医师杂志

Hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy is a disease which threatened maternal and children health worldwide.Nutrients are closely related to the occurrence and development of hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy.Excessive weight gain or obesity during pregnancy will greatly increase the risk of pregnancy complications.Balanced diet structure,proper intake of energy,and control of weight gain can effectively reduce the incidence of hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy.Folic acid supplementation is expected to be an effective way to prevent preeclampsia.Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy helps to control blood pressure,blood sugar,and blood lipids.Calcium,iron,zinc,selenium and other trace elements may be related to the incidence of hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy.Nutrients supplements during pregnancy may be helpful to prevent the occurrence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.