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1.
Int J Obes (Lond) ; 47(3): 165-174, 2023 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36585494

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a disease that may involve disrupted connectivity of brain networks. Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for obesity, and the positive effects on obesity-related conditions may be enhanced by exercise. Herein, we aimed to investigate the possible synergistic effects of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) and exercise training on brain functional networks. METHODS: Thirty women eligible for bariatric surgery were randomly assigned to a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB: n = 15, age = 41.0 ± 7.3 years) or RYGB plus Exercise Training (RYGB + ET: n = 15, age = 41.9 ± 7.2 years). Clinical, laboratory, and brain functional connectivity parameters were assessed at baseline, and 3 (POST3) and 9 months (POST9) after surgery. The 6-month, three-times-a-week, exercise intervention (resistance plus aerobic exercise) was initiated 3 months post-surgery (for RYGB + ET). RESULTS: Exercise superimposed on bariatric surgery (RYGB + ET) increased connectivity between hypothalamus and sensorial regions (seed-to-voxel analyses of hypothalamic connectivity), and decreased default mode network (DMN) and posterior salience (pSAL) network connectivity (ROI-to-ROI analyses of brain networks connectivity) when compared to RYGB alone (all p-FDR < 0.05). Increases in basal ganglia (BG) network connectivity were only observed in the exercised training group (within-group analyses). CONCLUSION: Exercise training is an important component in the management of post-bariatric patients and may improve the hypothalamic connectivity and brain functional networks that are involved in controlling food intake. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrial.gov: NCT02441361.


Assuntos
Cirurgia Bariátrica , Derivação Gástrica , Obesidade Mórbida , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Exercício Físico , Obesidade/cirurgia , Encéfalo , Hipotálamo
2.
Metabolism ; 121: 154803, 2021 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34090870

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: A diminution in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function due to ectopic lipid accumulation and excess nutrient intake is thought to contribute to insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes. However, the functional integrity of mitochondria in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle remains highly controversial. METHODS: 19 healthy adults (age:28.4 ±â€¯1.7 years; BMI:22.7 ±â€¯0.3 kg/m2) received an overnight intravenous infusion of lipid (20% Intralipid) or saline followed by a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to assess insulin sensitivity using a randomized crossover design. Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained after the overnight lipid infusion to evaluate activation of mitochondrial dynamics proteins, ex-vivo mitochondrial membrane potential, ex-vivo oxidative phosphorylation and electron transfer capacity, and mitochondrial ultrastructure. RESULTS: Overnight lipid infusion increased dynamin related protein 1 (DRP1) phosphorylation at serine 616 and PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) expression (P = 0.003 and P = 0.008, respectively) in skeletal muscle while reducing mitochondrial membrane potential (P = 0.042). The lipid infusion also increased mitochondrial-associated lipid droplet formation (P = 0.011), the number of dilated cristae, and the presence of autophagic vesicles without altering mitochondrial number or respiratory capacity. Additionally, lipid infusion suppressed peripheral glucose disposal (P = 0.004) and hepatic insulin sensitivity (P = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that activation of mitochondrial fission and quality control occur early in the onset of insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle. Targeting mitochondrial dynamics and quality control represents a promising new pharmacological approach for treating insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02697201, ClinicalTrials.gov.


Assuntos
Insulina/metabolismo , Lipídeos/farmacologia , Mitocôndrias Musculares/efeitos dos fármacos , Dinâmica Mitocondrial/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Biópsia , Respiração Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Emulsões/administração & dosagem , Emulsões/farmacologia , Ácidos Graxos/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos/farmacologia , Feminino , Técnica Clamp de Glucose , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Infusões Intravenosas , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/fisiologia , Lipídeos/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Redes e Vias Metabólicas/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias Musculares/patologia , Mitocôndrias Musculares/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Fosfolipídeos/administração & dosagem , Fosfolipídeos/farmacologia , Óleo de Soja/administração & dosagem , Óleo de Soja/farmacologia
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