RESUMO
Proteins are relevant antimicrobial drug targets, and among them, enzymes represent a significant group, since most of them catalyze reactions essential for supporting the central metabolism, or are necessary for the pathogen vitality. Genomic exploration of pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms has revealed genes encoding for a superfamily of metalloenzymes, known as carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1). CAs catalyze the physiologically crucial reversible reaction of the carbon dioxide hydration to bicarbonate and protons. Herein, we investigated the sulfonamide inhibition profile of the recombinant ß-CA (CynT2) identified in the genome of the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. This biocatalyst is indispensable for the growth of the microbe at atmospheric pCO2. Surprisingly, this enzyme has not been investigated for its inhibition with any class of CA inhibitors. Here, we show that CynT2 was strongly inhibited by some substituted benzene-sulfonamides and the clinically used inhibitor sulpiride (KIs in the range of 82-97 nM). This study may be relevant for identifying novel CA inhibitors, as well as for another essential part of the drug discovery pipeline, such as the structure-activity relationship for this class of enzyme inhibitors.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Transporte de Ânions/metabolismo , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Inibidores da Anidrase Carbônica/farmacologia , Anidrases Carbônicas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Sulfonamidas/química , Sulfonamidas/farmacologia , Proteínas de Transporte de Ânions/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas de Transporte de Ânions/genética , Antibacterianos/química , Benzeno/química , Dióxido de Carbono/química , Dióxido de Carbono/metabolismo , Inibidores da Anidrase Carbônica/química , Anidrases Carbônicas/genética , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/genética , Humanos , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
A primary strategy to combat antimicrobial resistance is the identification of novel therapeutic targets and anti-infectives with alternative mechanisms of action. The inhibition of the metalloenzymes carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) from pathogens (bacteria, fungi, and protozoa) was shown to produce an impairment of the microorganism growth and virulence. As phosphonamidates have been recently validated as human α-CA inhibitors (CAIs) and no phosphorus-based zinc-binding group have been assessed to date against ß-class CAs, herein we report an inhibition study with this class of compounds against ß-CAs from pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Our data suggest that phosphonamidates are among the CAIs with the best selectivity for ß-class over human isozymes, making them interesting leads for the development of new anti-infectives.
Assuntos
Amidas/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Inibidores da Anidrase Carbônica/farmacologia , Anidrases Carbônicas/metabolismo , Compostos Organometálicos/farmacologia , Ácidos Fosfóricos/farmacologia , Amidas/química , Anti-Infecciosos/síntese química , Anti-Infecciosos/química , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias/enzimologia , Inibidores da Anidrase Carbônica/síntese química , Inibidores da Anidrase Carbônica/química , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Fungos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fungos/enzimologia , Humanos , Leishmania donovani/efeitos dos fármacos , Leishmania donovani/enzimologia , Estrutura Molecular , Compostos Organometálicos/síntese química , Compostos Organometálicos/química , Ácidos Fosfóricos/química , Fósforo/química , Fósforo/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Zinco/química , Zinco/farmacologiaRESUMO
A series of acyl selenoureido benzensulfonamides was evaluated as carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitors against two Vibrio cholerae such enzymes (VchCAα over VchCAß) belonging to the α- and ß-classes, potential novel targets for anti-infective drugs development. These compounds showed strong inhibitory action against VchCAα over VchCAß and excellent selectivity over the human (h) off-target isoforms hCA I and II. Identification of potent and possibly selective inhibitors of VchCAα and/or VchCAß over the human counterparts may lead to pharmacological tools useful for understanding the physiological role(s) of these under-investigated proteins, possibly involved in the virulence of the bacterium and colonization of the host in bicarbonate rich regions of the gastro-intestinal tract.