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1.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol ; 41(11): 2730-2739, 2021 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34587757

RESUMO

Objective: Species-specific pseudogenization of the CMAH gene during human evolution eliminated common mammalian sialic acid N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) biosynthesis from its precursor N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac). With metabolic nonhuman Neu5Gc incorporation into endothelia from red meat, the major dietary source, anti-Neu5Gc antibodies appeared. Human-like Ldlr-/-Cmah-/- mice on a high-fat diet supplemented with a Neu5Gc-enriched mucin, to mimic human red meat consumption, suffered increased atherosclerosis if human-like anti-Neu5Gc antibodies were elicited. Approach and Results: We now ask whether interventional Neu5Ac feeding attenuates metabolically incorporated Neu5Gc-mediated inflammatory acceleration of atherogenesis in this Cmah-/-Ldlr-/- model system. Switching to a Neu5Gc-free high-fat diet or adding a 5-fold excess of Collocalia mucoid-derived Neu5Ac in high-fat diet protects against accelerated atherosclerosis. Switching completely from a Neu5Gc-rich to a Neu5Ac-rich diet further reduces severity. Remarkably, feeding Neu5Ac-enriched high-fat diet alone has a substantial intrinsic protective effect against atherosclerosis in Ldlr-/- mice even in the absence of dietary Neu5Gc but only in the human-like Cmah-null background. Conclusions: Interventional Neu5Ac feeding can mitigate or prevent the red meat/Neu5Gc-mediated increased risk for atherosclerosis, and has an intrinsic protective effect, even in the absence of Neu5Gc feeding. These findings suggest that similar interventions should be tried in humans and that Neu5Ac-enriched diets alone should also be investigated further.


Assuntos
Aorta/metabolismo , Doenças da Aorta/prevenção & controle , Aterosclerose/prevenção & controle , Suplementos Nutricionais , Ácido N-Acetilneuramínico/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Neuramínicos/administração & dosagem , Placa Aterosclerótica , Ração Animal , Animais , Anticorpos/metabolismo , Aorta/patologia , Doenças da Aorta/genética , Doenças da Aorta/metabolismo , Doenças da Aorta/patologia , Aterosclerose/genética , Aterosclerose/metabolismo , Aterosclerose/patologia , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Células Espumosas/metabolismo , Células Espumosas/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Oxigenases de Função Mista/genética , Oxigenases de Função Mista/metabolismo , Ácido N-Acetilneuramínico/metabolismo , Ácidos Neuramínicos/imunologia , Ácidos Neuramínicos/metabolismo , Pan troglodytes , Receptores de LDL/genética , Receptores de LDL/metabolismo , Sialadenite/metabolismo , Sialadenite/patologia , Células THP-1
2.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 118(10)2021 03 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33658363

RESUMO

Blood pH is tightly maintained between 7.35 and 7.45, and acidosis (pH <7.3) indicates poor prognosis in sepsis, wherein lactic acid from anoxic tissues overwhelms the buffering capacity of blood. Poor sepsis prognosis is also associated with low zinc levels and the release of High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) from activated and/or necrotic cells. HMGB1 added to whole blood at physiological pH did not bind leukocyte receptors, but lowering pH with lactic acid to mimic sepsis conditions allowed binding, implying the presence of natural inhibitor(s) preventing binding at normal pH. Testing micromolar concentrations of divalent cations showed that zinc supported the robust binding of sialylated glycoproteins with HMGB1. Further characterizing HMGB1 as a sialic acid-binding lectin, we found that optimal binding takes place at normal blood pH and is markedly reduced when pH is adjusted with lactic acid to levels found in sepsis. Glycan array studies confirmed the binding of HMGB1 to sialylated glycan sequences typically found on plasma glycoproteins, with binding again being dependent on zinc and normal blood pH. Thus, HMGB1-mediated hyperactivation of innate immunity in sepsis requires acidosis, and micromolar zinc concentrations are protective. We suggest that the potent inflammatory effects of HMGB1 are kept in check via sequestration by plasma sialoglycoproteins at physiological pH and triggered when pH and zinc levels fall in late stages of sepsis. Current clinical trials independently studying zinc supplementation, HMGB1 inhibition, or pH normalization may be more successful if these approaches are combined and perhaps supplemented by infusions of heavily sialylated molecules.


Assuntos
Acidose/sangue , Proteína HMGB1/sangue , Sepse/sangue , Sialoglicoproteínas/sangue , Zinco/sangue , Acidose/imunologia , Acidose/metabolismo , Acidose/patologia , Proteínas de Transporte , Proteína HMGB1/farmacologia , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Imunidade Inata , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos/química , Sepse/imunologia , Sepse/patologia , Ácidos Siálicos/química , Sialoglicoproteínas/química , Zinco/metabolismo
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