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Nutrients ; 13(11)2021 Nov 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34836309

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: We aimed to establish an acute treatment protocol to increase serum vitamin D, evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin D3 supplementation, and reveal the potential mechanisms in COVID-19. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 867 COVID-19 cases. Then, a prospective study was conducted, including 23 healthy individuals and 210 cases. A total of 163 cases had vitamin D supplementation, and 95 were followed for 14 days. Clinical outcomes, routine blood biomarkers, serum levels of vitamin D metabolism, and action mechanism-related parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: Our treatment protocol increased the serum 25OHD levels significantly to above 30 ng/mL within two weeks. COVID-19 cases (no comorbidities, no vitamin D treatment, 25OHD <30 ng/mL) had 1.9-fold increased risk of having hospitalization longer than 8 days compared with the cases with comorbidities and vitamin D treatment. Having vitamin D treatment decreased the mortality rate by 2.14 times. The correlation analysis of specific serum biomarkers with 25OHD indicated that the vitamin D action in COVID-19 might involve regulation of INOS1, IL1B, IFNg, cathelicidin-LL37, and ICAM1. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D treatment shortened hospital stay and decreased mortality in COVID-19 cases, even in the existence of comorbidities. Vitamin D supplementation is effective on various target parameters; therefore, it is essential for COVID-19 treatment.


Assuntos
Tratamento Farmacológico da COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Vitamina D/administração & dosagem , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/sangue , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/genética , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/metabolismo , COVID-19/complicações , COVID-19/mortalidade , Suplementos Nutricionais , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Molécula 1 de Adesão Intercelular/sangue , Molécula 1 de Adesão Intercelular/genética , Molécula 1 de Adesão Intercelular/metabolismo , Interferon gama/sangue , Interferon gama/genética , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/sangue , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/sangue , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/genética , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/metabolismo , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Vitamina D/sangue , Vitamina D/farmacologia , Vitaminas/administração & dosagem , Vitaminas/farmacologia , Catelicidinas
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