Efficacy of single versus multiple exposure by electromagnetic modalities on gram-negative and positive bacterial strains in an in-vitro model.

OBJECTIVES: The primary purpose of the recent experiment was to scrutinize the dissimilarity between single and multiple exposures by electrotherapeutic modalities to determine the development of Gram-positive and Gram negative bacteria spectrum. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bacterial strains employed in this study were Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumonae and Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Fluence for Low level laser therapy (LLLT) (810 nm) was 40 J/cm2 for 80 s, for microwave (MWD) a dosage of 100-Watt with duration of 5 min and for magnetic field therapy (MT) duration of 30 min with 100% intensity was used. RESULTS: Repeated Measures of analysis of variances (RANOVA) for within-subject effects was used to detect a global significant change within the means at dissimilar time points. The experiments of within-subjects revealed a significant difference within groups, df of (3, 40), F value of 39.38 and a p value less than 0.001, representing a significant variation between the three groups between pre and post exposures. There was a significant variation between single exposure and multiple exposures in the experimental sample's pre-post between the four groups with df (1, 40) f value of 2943.69 and p value less than 0.001. Scanning and Transmission electron microscopy images were also taken into account to determine the extent of damage caused to the bacterial cells surface topography in Gram negative and Gram positive spectrums. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that single high exposure with the LLLT appears to have the most emphatic effect followed by exposure by MWD and MT.

The need for exercise sciences and an integrated response to COVID-19: A position statement from the international HL-PIVOT network.

COVID-19 is one of the biggest health crises that the world has seen. Whilst measures to abate transmission and infection are ongoing, there continues to be growing numbers of patients requiring chronic support, which is already putting a strain on health care systems around the world and which may do so for years to come. A legacy of COVID-19 will be a long-term requirement to support patients with dedicated rehabilitation and support services. With many clinical settings characterized by a lack of funding and resources, the need to provide these additional services could overwhelm clinical capacity. This position statement from the Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL-PIVOT) Network provides a collaborative blueprint focused on leading research and developing clinical guidelines, bringing together professionals with expertise in clinical services and the exercise sciences to develop the evidence base needed to improve outcomes for patients infected by COVID-19.

Short-term effect of muscle energy technique and mechanical diagnosis and therapy in sacroiliac joint dysfunction: A pilot randomized clinical trial.

INTRODUCTION: Sacroiliac joint dysfunction (SIJD) is a prominent source of pain in low back pain (LBP) patients. Tenderness inferior to the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) is an important sign presented in SIJD. Techniques including muscle energy technique (MET) and mechanical diagnosis and therapy (MDT) have shown benefits in SIJD. However, the effects of these treatments on tenderness and pain around the PSIS are yet to be determined. AIM: Compare and examine the preliminary short-term effect of MET and MDT on tenderness and pain around the PSIS in SIJD. METHODS: Twenty patients, aged between 20 and 65 years and diagnosed with unilateral, sub-acute, or chronic SIJD, were screened for the inclusion criteria and were randomly allocated to the MET or the MDT group. Both the groups received treatment for four sessions over one week. Pain pressure threshold (PPT) and visual analogue scale (VAS) were determined by a blinded assessor on pre- and post-treatment basis. RESULTS: Although no significant differences were observed following the treatment between the groups, some statistically significant (p < 0.05) improvements were observed within each of the groups. No drop-outs and no adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: The findings of the study suggest that both interventions may be equally effective in reducing symptoms around the PSIS. However, due to the small sample size, the results need to be interpreted cautiously. Future studies on larger sample size and long-term follow up are warranted.

Effect of diverse physical rehabilitative interventions on static postural control in diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There are diverse forms of rehabilitative techniques available to improve postural control in diabetic peripheral neuropathy but little is known about the efficacy of these techniques. The primary focus of this review is to find out the effectiveness of diverse rehabilitative interventions in improving postural control in type 2 induced diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Methods: Two reviewers independently scrutinized the included studies. The selected studies underwent quality assessment by PEDro scale. Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) having a score of 4 or more were included in the review. A search was conducted in PUBMED, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PROQUEST, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) and Google Scholar. The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) related to the interventions were also taken into account. Results: A total of 563 studies were identified and finally 8 studies were included in the review process. The included studies were 3 in task-specific balance training, 1 in treadmill, 1 in strengthening, 2 in whole body vibration, and 1 study in pilates analyzing posture using static posturography. No RCTs were reportedly found under tai chi and yoga. Conclusions: Interventions related to task-specific approach in balance training, treadmill, strengthening, WBV showed improvement in static postural control. Intervention with pilates did not show any beneficial effects. However, there still remains a need for quality trials as the results of these studies were ambivalent in interpretation and quality of the studies were limited by small sample size and higher attrition rates.

Comparison of Anti-Microbial Effects of Low-Level Laser Irradiation and Microwave Diathermy on Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria in an In Vitro Model.

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of low-level laser therapy and continuous microwave diathermy on the growth of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and to establish their efficacy as an alternative therapeutic modality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Laser fluence of 13 Joules (J)/cm2, 18 J/cm2 and 30 J/cm2 were used against several bacterial strains. Microwave dosages of 25, 50 and 100 watts (W) were used, respectively. RESULTS: A significant difference between the three groups was observed using repeated analysis of variance (RANOVA) (F value: 0.74, and p value: 0.001). The Greenhouse-Geisser correction (GG) revealed significant results for laser irradiation alone. However, effect size calculation showed effects with microwave diathermy as well as laser fluence. CONCLUSIONS: Low-level laser therapy appears to be an effective modality of treatment when compared with continuous microwave diathermy on the Gram-negative and the Gram-positive bacterial strains tested. Microwave diathermy revealed large and medium effects on the bacterial cell counts with dominant effects on Gram-negative strains.

Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Vibration Perception Threshold in Type 2 Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Population Using 3-sites Method: Single-blind Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVEST: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 8 wk of moderate intensity aerobic exercise on vibration perception threshold (VPT) in type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). METHODS: Single blind parallel group randomized controlled trial was done in a tertiary center. Stratified block randomization was used for selecting participants. A total of 87 individuals participated in the study. After final randomization, there were only 47 individuals in the control group and 37 in the study group. The exercise group training was carried out in the range of 40% to 60% of heart rate reserve as an adjunct to this rating of perceived exertion (scale ranging from 6 to 20) before, during, and postexercise. For the control group, standard medical care, education for foot care, and diet (same as the experimental group) were given. Both the groups were assessed at baseline and wk 8. RESULTS: On comparison of results for control and study group using repeated measures of analysis of variance for VPT measures for 3 sites (great toe, medial malleoli, first metatarsal phalanx), there was a significant difference between the 2 groups (df1, df2 = 1,63; F = 8.56; P < .001) for both lower limbs. CONCLUSIONS: Aerobic exercises have an augmentative effect on vibratory sensations of the peripheral nerves, which implicates an attenuating effect on DPN in type 2 diabetes.