Assuntos
Artrite Reumatoide , Terapia Biológica , Participação do Paciente , Espondilite Anquilosante , Adulto , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Artrite Reumatoide/psicologia , Terapia Biológica/ética , Terapia Biológica/métodos , Tomada de Decisões/ética , Feminino , Grupos Focais , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Uso Off-Label , Participação do Paciente/métodos , Participação do Paciente/psicologia , Preferência do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Espondilite Anquilosante/tratamento farmacológico , Espondilite Anquilosante/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Reino UnidoRESUMO
Nineteen cattle bones from the Viking 10th and early 11th century levels in Dublin were assessed for presence of reliable genotypes from three autosomal markers. Due to the good preservational condition of the samples, it was possible to amplify and type at least two out of three of the microsatellite markers (CSRM60, HEL1 and ILSTS001) in 11 specimens. Full three-loci genotypes were obtained from a subset of seven of these samples. A comparative analysis was performed using data from the same three markers in 11 extant British, Irish and Nordic cattle breeds. Although the medieval remains displayed lower levels of diversity than the modern European breeds, the results fit within the ranges obtained from the extant populations. The results indicate a probable origin for the ancient Irish cattle as the remains group significantly more closely with breeds from the British Isles than with those from Scandinavia. The data collected indicate that microsatellites may be useful for the further study of ancient cattle.
Assuntos
Bovinos/genética , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Filogenia , Animais , Arqueologia , DNA/genética , Europa (Continente) , Marcadores Genéticos , Geografia , História Antiga , IrlandaRESUMO
STATEMENT OF FINDINGS: Mesenchymal precursor cells found in the blood (BMPCs) of normal persons adhere to plastic and glass and proliferate logarithmically in DMEM-20% fetal calf serum (FCS) without growth factors. They form cells with fibroblast-like and stromal morphology, which is not affected by eliminating CD34, CD3, or CD14 cells. Osteogenic supplements (dexamethasone, ascorbic acid, and beta-glycerophosphate) added to the culture inhibited fibroblast formation, and BMPCs assumed the cuboidal shape of osteoblasts. After 5 days in supplemented medium, the elutriated cells displayed alkaline phosphatase (AP), and the addition of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)2 (1 ng) doubled AP production (P < 0.04). Two weeks later, 30% of the cells were very large and reacted with anti-osteocalcin antibody. The same cultures also contained sudanophlic adipocytes and multinucleated giant cells that stained for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and vitronectin receptors. Cultured BMPCs immunostain with antibodies to vimentin, type I collagen, and BMP receptors, heterodimeric structures expressed on mesenchymal lineage cells. In addition, BMPCs stain with anti-CD105 (endoglin), a putative marker for bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).