Assuntos
COVID-19 , Prestação Integrada de Cuidados de Saúde/organização & administração , Prioridades em Saúde/organização & administração , Oncologia/organização & administração , Procedimentos Desnecessários , Tomada de Decisão Clínica , Eficiência Organizacional , Humanos , Segurança do Paciente , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
There has been a significant shift within oncology drug development away from empiric screening of cytotoxic compounds to the era of genomics and molecularly targeted agents. The drug development process is evolving with greater emphasis on proof-of-mechanism studies in both preclinical and early clinical development. The Methodology for the Development of Innovative Cancer Therapies (MDICT) Task Force, established as a forum for academic and pharmaceutical leaders to discuss methodological issues in targeted anticancer therapy development, met in March 2010 to review what were the minimal data required to make appropriate decisions about moving new targeted cancer agents from late preclinical development into phase I and from phase I into phase II trials. A number of specific questions were posed, and responses to each developed through survey, literature review and discussion at the face to face meeting of the MDICT Task Force. Consensus emerged around the necessity to demonstrate proof-of-mechanism and obtain information on key pharmacokinetic aspects of drug behaviour in late preclinical and early clinical trials. However, controversy remains on the extent of in vivo anti-tumour efficacy required to support clinical development of targeted agents. A systematic review of the data in this area would be informative. Further, while objective response in phase I trials may be a favourable signal about the potential activity of a new agent, debate exists around the weight that should be placed on the observation of stable disease or functional imaging changes in driving drug development decisions in the absence of observing either responses or convincing pharmacodynamic data in phase I. MDICT made a number of recommendations that may aid in future development of targeted agents.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacocinética , Ensaios Clínicos Fase I como Assunto/métodos , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Terapias em Estudo/métodos , Animais , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Ensaios Clínicos Fase II como Assunto , Desenho de Fármacos , Diretrizes para o Planejamento em Saúde , Humanos , Camundongos , Modelos AnimaisRESUMO
Bortezomib and gemcitabine have each shown activity as single agents in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), which is incurable. The purpose of this phase II study was to determine the efficacy and safety of the previously unstudied combination of bortezomib and gemcitabine in patients with relapsed or refractory MCL. Patients were eligible if they had relapsed MCL with 1-3 prior therapies. Patients were treated with gemcitabine 1000 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 and bortezomib 1.0 mg/m(2) IV on days 1, 4, 8, and 11, on a 21-day schedule. Twenty-six patients were evaluable for toxicity and 25 for response. The overall response rate was 60% and the median progression free survival was 11.4 months. The main adverse effects were hematological, with 40% and 48% of patients experiencing grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia and granulocytopenia, respectively. Bortezomib and gemcitabine is an active combination in relapsed and refractory MCL with clinically meaningful results. It offers a chemotherapy backbone to which other agents, less myelosuppressive, may be added.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Ácidos Borônicos/administração & dosagem , Desoxicitidina/análogos & derivados , Linfoma de Célula do Manto/tratamento farmacológico , Pirazinas/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Ácidos Borônicos/efeitos adversos , Bortezomib , Canadá , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Desoxicitidina/administração & dosagem , Desoxicitidina/efeitos adversos , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Linfoma de Célula do Manto/patologia , Masculino , Oncologia/organização & administração , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Programas Nacionais de Saúde , Pirazinas/efeitos adversos , Recidiva , Sociedades Médicas , GencitabinaRESUMO
Sorafenib is a small molecule inhibitor of RAF kinase, VEGFR-2, c-KIT, and FLT3. In this randomized phase I study, eligible patients had relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and one prior induction regimen, or were age >65 with untreated myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or secondary AML. Sorafenib was given orally for 28 days (cont) or 14 days (int) every 4 weeks at three dose levels (100, 200, and 400 mg BID); 300 mg cont was also tested. Forty-two patients were enrolled (median age 71 [37-82]; prior chemotherapy: 22). Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was: 100 mg BID: 0/7 patients; 200 mg BID: 2/12 patients; 400 mg BID: 1/17 patients. Sorafenib 400 mg cont was not tolerated in this population: 6/8 received <14 days of treatment due to toxicity; no DLT was seen with 300 mg cont. One CR was seen in a patient with AML with FLT3-ITD. Flow cytometry studies suggest that sorafenib inhibits ERK phosphorylation via c-KIT. The recommended phase II dose in AML is 300 mg BID continuously, and testing in combination and in FLT3-ITD AML is warranted.
Assuntos
Benzenossulfonatos/uso terapêutico , Leucemia Mieloide/tratamento farmacológico , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/tratamento farmacológico , Piridinas/uso terapêutico , Dor Abdominal/induzido quimicamente , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Área Sob a Curva , Benzenossulfonatos/efeitos adversos , Benzenossulfonatos/farmacocinética , Diarreia/induzido quimicamente , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Esquema de Medicação , MAP Quinases Reguladas por Sinal Extracelular/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide/metabolismo , Leucemia Mieloide/patologia , Masculino , Taxa de Depuração Metabólica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/metabolismo , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/patologia , Náusea/induzido quimicamente , Niacinamida/análogos & derivados , Compostos de Fenilureia , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/efeitos adversos , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacocinética , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Piridinas/efeitos adversos , Piridinas/farmacocinética , Sorafenibe , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: Most patients with advanced ovarian cancer develop recurrent disease. For those patients who recur at least 6 months after initial therapy, paclitaxel platinum has shown a modest survival advantage over platinum without paclitaxel; however, many patients develop clinically relevant neurotoxicity, frequently resulting in treatment discontinuation. Thus, an alternative regimen without significant neurotoxicity was evaluated by comparing gemcitabine plus carboplatin with single-agent carboplatin in platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer patients. METHODS: Patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer were randomly assigned to receive either gemcitabine plus carboplatin or carboplatin alone, every 21 days. The primary objective was to compare progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: Three hundred fifty-six patients (178 gemcitabine plus carboplatin; 178 carboplatin) were randomly assigned. Patients received a median of six cycles in both arms. With a median follow-up of 17 months, median PFS was 8.6 months (95% CI, 7.9 to 9.7 months) for gemcitabine plus carboplatin and 5.8 months (95% CI, 5.2 to 7.1 months) for carboplatin. The hazard ration (HR) for PFS was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.58 to 0.90; P = .0031). Response rate was 47.2% (95% CI, 39.9% to 54.5%) for gemcitabine plus carboplatin and 30.9% (95% CI, 24.1% to 37.7%) for carboplatin (P = .0016). The HR for overall survival was 0.96 (95% CI, 0.75 to1.23; P = .7349). While myelosuppression was significantly more common in the combination, sequelae such as febrile neutropenia or infections were uncommon. No statistically significant differences in quality of life scores between arms were noted. CONCLUSION: Gemcitabine plus carboplatin significantly improves PFS and response rate without worsening quality of life for patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Carboplatina/administração & dosagem , Cisplatino/farmacologia , Desoxicitidina/administração & dosagem , Desoxicitidina/análogos & derivados , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Qualidade de Vida , Análise de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento , GencitabinaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess the response rate and toxicity of the alkylphosphocholine analogue, perifosine, in patients with metastatic or recurrent malignant melanoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients had histologically proven, unidimensionally measurable disease which was incurable by standard therapy. Prior adjuvant immunotherapy was allowed but patients had not received prior chemotherapy. Perisfosine was given orally as a loading dose of 900 mg on day 1 followed by a maintenance dose of 150 mg po on days 2-21 in a 28 day cycle. The loading dose was 300 mg on day 1 of all subsequent cycles. Tumour response was assessed every 2 cycles. RESULTS: 18 patients were accrued over 7 mos. No objective responses occurred in the 14 evaluable patients. Three patients (21%) achieved stable disease after 2 cycles and 11 had progression. Seventeen patients were evaluable for toxicity. Grade 3 or 4 non-hematologic toxicities included: diarrhea (12%), arthralgia (12%), nausea (6%), headache (6%), and fatigue (6%). No grade 3 or 4 hematological or biochemical toxicity were observed. Seventy-seven percent of patients received >or=90% of planned cycle 1 dose intensity and 58% received >or=90% of planned dose for cycle 2+. Four patients required dose reductions; treatment was delayed in 5 patients; and 5 patients missed doses because of toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: Perifosine can be safely administered when given as an initial loading dose followed by daily maintenance therapy over 28 days. Gastrointestinal toxicity is common but generally of low grade. Hematological toxicity is minimal. No objective responses were observed. No further development of single-agent perifosine is recommended in malignant melanoma.