Eicosapentaenoic acid loaded silica nanoemulsion attenuates hepatic inflammation through the enhancement of cell membrane components.

BACKGROUND: Liver inflammation is a multistep process that is linked with cell membrane fatty acids composition. The effectiveness of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) undergoes an irreversible change during processing due to their unsaturated nature; so the formation of nanocarrier for EPA is crucial for improving EPA's bioavailability and pharmacological properties. OBJECTIVE: In this study we aimed to evaluate the efficiency of EPA alone or loaded silica nanoemulsion on the management of hepatic inflammation induced by diethyl nitrosamine (DEN) through the enhancement of the cell membrane structure and functions. METHODS: The new formula of EPA was prepared to modify the properties of EPA. Forty-eight male Wistar albino rats were classified into: control, EPA, EPA loaded silica nanoemulsion (EPA-NE), DEN induced hepatic inflammation; DEN induced hepatic inflammation treated with EPA or EPA -NE groups. Plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß), liver hydroxyproline (Hyp) content, and liver oxidant and anti-oxidants were estimated. Urinary 8- hydroxyguanozine (8- OHdG) and erythrocyte membrane fatty acids fractions were estimated by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Also, histopathology studies were done to verify our hypothesis. RESULTS: It was appeared that administration of EPA, in particular EPA loaded silica nanoemulsion, ameliorated the inflammatory response, increased the activity of the anti-oxidants, reduced levels of oxidants, and improved cell membrane structure compared to hepatic inflammation induced by DEN group. Histopathological examination confirmed these results. CONCLUSION: EPA and notably EPA loaded silica nanoemulsion strongly recommended as a promising supplement in the management of hepatic inflammation.

Hepatoprotective effect of Raspberry ketone and white tea against acrylamide-induced toxicity in rats.

The current investigation was accomplished to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of White tea and Raspberry Ketone against toxicity induced by acrylamide in rats. Sixty adult male rats were divided randomly into group (I) control; group (II) rats received RK with dose (6 mg/kg/day); Group III: rats received 5 ml of WT extract/kg/day; Group IV rats received AA (5 mg/kg/day); Group V: rats administrated with both AA (5 mg/kg/day) and RK (6 mg/kg/day) and Group VI: rats administrated AA (5 mg/kg/day) and 5 ml of WT extract/kg/day. The biochemical assays exhibited a significant increase in serum levels of Adiponectin, AST, ALT, ALP of the group treated with acrylamide if compared to the control group and an improvement in their levels of groups V and VI. The histopathological and immunohistochemical findings confirm the biochemical observations. In conclusion, the present investigation proved that the supplementation of WT and RK enhanced the liver histology, immunohistochemistry and biochemistry against the oxidative stress induced by acrylamide.

Formulation of wheat germ oil based on nanoemulsions to mitigate cisplatin's nephrotoxic effects.

The present study was designed to fabricate wheat germ oil nanoemulsions (WGO-NEs) by using two different emulsifiers in their physical properties and their chemical structures which were Triton X-100 and Lecithin to form Triton X-100 coated WGO nanoemulsion (WGOT-NE) and Lecithin coated WGO nanoemulsion (WGOL-NE) then characterized them using Transmission Electron Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and study their biological effects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. The experimental study was performed on fifty male albino rats divided into 5 groups. healthy group, group injected with a single dose of cisplatin (CP), group injected with a single dose of CP then received WGO orally, group injected with a single dose of CP then received WGOL-NE and group injected a single dose of CP then received WGOT-NE. The results showed that the shape of the particles of WGOL-NE is spherical with poorly aggregation and average particle size is 161.2 nm while WGOT-NE is nearly spherical but with noticeable agglomeration and an average particle size of 194.6 nm. In the experimental study, the results showed involvement of cisplatin in nephrotoxicity through disturbance kidney function and histological examination of the cortical tissue of the kidney and increased biochemical markers related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptotic pathway. Otherwise, treatment with WGO, WGOT-NE, and WGOL-NE increased a significant amelioration in all the biochemical markers. In conclusion, WGOT-NE and WGOL-NE were more efficient than the native WGO in attenuating the kidney damage induced by CP although WGOL-NE showed the nearest results to the control group.

Effect of honey on 50% complement hemolytic activity in infants with protein energy malnutrition: a randomized controlled pilot study.

Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is associated with a significant impairment of cell-mediated immunity and complement system, which may be responsible for the high incidence of infections among these patients. This study was designed to examine the effect of honey, as a natural substance, on the 50% complement hemolytic activity (CH50) in patients with PEM. Thirty patients with PEM and 20 healthy infants serving as controls participated in this study. The patients were randomized to receive either honey (group 1) or placebo (group 2), in addition to conventional nutritional rehabilitation therapy. Measurements of weight, midarm circumference, skin fold thickness, serum albumin, and CH50 were done for all patients before and after 2 weeks of rehabilitation. Before nutritional rehabilitation, the CH50 was significantly lower in the PEM groups compared with the control. However, after rehabilitation, the CH50 increased significantly in both PEM groups, compared with the pre-interventional state and with the controls. Moreover, the rise of CH50 was significantly more in the honey group compared with the placebo. On the other hand, the improvement in the anthropometric measures and serum albumin did not differ significantly between the honey and placebo groups after rehabilitation. Thus honey supplementation in patients with PEM increased the level of CH50. Whether this would have an effect on the frequency and severity of infections in patients with PEM needs further studies.