RESUMO
The predominant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), an etiological agent of camel mastitis is becoming drug resistant that invites prevention and control strategies. Vaccine production would have a valuable impact on public health. Therefore, in present study, inactivated vaccine with different adjuvants was prepared and evaluated against S. aureus. The vaccinal isolate recovered from camel subclinical mastitis was coagulase positive (PCR based), having expressed pseudocapsule, holding alpha-beta hemolysin characteristics, and multiple drug resistant. Inactivated alum precipitated S. aureus vaccine (APSV) and oil adjuvant S. aureus vaccine (OASV) were prepared after confirming its antigenicity in rabbits. Three groups of rabbits were randomly inoculated with APSV, OASV, and placebo (Unvaccinated, UV). Each group was further divided into two groups based on single and booster dose inoculation. Booster dose of vaccines in rabbits at day 15th of primary inoculation was given. Serum samples were taken on 15, 30, 45 and 60 days of primary inoculation from all rabbits. Analysis of variance was applied to compare geometric mean titer (GMT) of three groups, while t-test was applied to estimate the difference between single and booster dose response. The study found 1010â¯CFU/mL S. aureus as standard bacterial load for vaccines with higher and sustained antigenicity. The vaccines were safe from morbidity and mortality, and proved effective and stable for 7 and 4â¯monthsâ¯at 25⯰C and 37⯰C, respectively. The OASV produced significantly (pâ¯<â¯0.05) higher immune response followed by APSV throughout trial. The highest GMT by APSV and OASV vaccines with single dose inoculation was 37.92 and 69.92â¯at day 45th post primary inoculation, respectively. Similarly, 59.20 and 142.40 GMTs were noted with booster dose in case of APSV and OASV, respectively. The booster dose presented significantly (pâ¯<â¯0.05) higher GMT than that of single dose inoculation of vaccines. The study concluded APSV and OASV safe, effective, and stable with significant immunogenic results in experimental rabbits.
Assuntos
Imunogenicidade da Vacina/imunologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/imunologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/prevenção & controle , Vacinas Antiestafilocócicas/imunologia , Staphylococcus aureus/imunologia , Vacinação , Vacinas de Produtos Inativados/imunologia , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Compostos de Alúmen , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Antígenos de Bactérias/imunologia , Carga Bacteriana , Proteínas de Bactérias/imunologia , Camelus , Coagulase , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Feminino , Proteínas Hemolisinas , Imunização Secundária , Mastite/imunologia , Mastite/microbiologia , Mastite/prevenção & controle , Óleo Mineral/administração & dosagem , Coelhos , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Vacinas Antiestafilocócicas/administração & dosagem , Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidade , Fatores de Tempo , Vacinas de Produtos Inativados/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) is the major zoonotic threat for small ruminants and humans responsible for huge economic losses and high mortality in Pakistan. Lambs and kids of Lahore district were examined to determine the prevalence, hematology and chemotherapy of S. enterica. A total of 200 diarrheic samples (n=100 lambs; n=100 kids) were collected and examined; 59 (29.50%) were found positive for S. enterica. Lambs had lightly greater prevalence (31%) than kids (29%). The frequency analysis (OR=1.16 [reciprocal =0.87]) showed non-significant difference in both the lambs and kids. The significant decrease (Pâ0.001) in hemoglobin, pack cell volume and total erythrocyte count was observed in infected lambs and kids. Results of in-vitro antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that S. enteric isolated from both lambs and kids were susceptible to levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gentamicin, azithromycin, tobramycin, amoxicillin, ampicillin and nalidixic acid. Where as the results of in vivo antibiotic trials showed that isolates from both lambs and the kids with diarrhea were susceptible to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin.