Relationship Between Intestinal Flora and Bone and Joint Diseases and Regulation of Traditional Chinese Medicine： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Intestinal flora is the largest microbial community in human body， which consists of more than 1 000 species. Its structure and metabolites change dynamically with the age， diet and intestinal environment of the host. Study shows that the intestinal microbes play a pivotal role in regulating human physiological and pathological processes， and intestinal flora imbalance may be the key factors affecting the occurrence and development of bone and joint diseases， including osteoporosis， osteoarthritis， rheumatoid arthritis and gouty arthritis. At present， calcitonin， estrogen， nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs， immunosuppressants， xanthine oxidase inhibitors and other western drugs are mostly used to treat the above diseases. However， long-term use of western drugs leads to poor compliance and obvious gastrointestinal adverse reactions among patients. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） predominates in the treatment of bone and joint diseases due to its low price， high efficacy and slight side effects， with the advantages of multi-targets， multi-mechanism and multi-levels. In recent years， many scholars have carried out experiments and clinical studies on the treatment of bone and joint diseases by TCMs on the basis of the liver and kidney theory such as "tonifying liver and kidney and strengthening muscles and bones". Gratifying results have been achieved. However， the mechanism of action has not been fully clarified. Intestinal flora becomes a hot spot in medical research， and a close relationship between intestinal flora and bone and joint diseases has been unveiled. Relevant literature in China and abroad showed that TCM has a significant effect on the treatment of bone and joint diseases by regulating intestinal flora. In this paper， the relationship between intestinal flora and bone and joint diseases was summarized and the intervention of TCM active ingredients and compounds on intestinal flora was reviewed to facilitate the prevention and treatment of bone and joint diseases by TCM.

Meditation training and measures of meditation state / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

In recent decades,the research on meditation training has developed rapidly.How to establish the evaluation index of the meditation training and meditation state becomes the concern of researchers.To date,the traditional evaluation methods mainly based on the meditation practice time,self-reported meditation scores and the improvement of symptoms or ability.The direct evaluation methods uses the reporting method or the detecting method to evaluate the meditation state.In the future,researchers can develop the kinesthetic and auditory tasks,and establish multi-modal monitoring indicators based on the meditation breath counting task.Electroencephalograph and other biofeedback indicators could be also combined with it.Furthermore,the Chinese localization evaluation standard need to be established.

Discussion on Tuina Treatment for Acute Neck Type Cervical Spondylosis / 中国中医药信息杂志

Neck type cervical spondylosis, as one of the common types of cervical spondylosis, is a frequently occurring disease in orthopedics. The underlying pathogenetic basis is deficiency of positive qi (zhengqi). The disease is usually triggered by external contraction of cold in the neck area. The main clinical symptoms include pain in the occipital region, stiff neck and limitation of neck motion. Tuina (massage) is an effective treatment for this disease. It is effective in relieving symptoms as well as eliminating the underlying cause of the disease through warming yang and strengthening body resistance, regulating qi, and diagnosing and treating according to muscle and tendons conditions, and then address both the symptoms and root causes.

Comparative Study of Probiotics and Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome-differentiation Treatment for Rotavirus Enteritis in Children / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of probiotics and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome-differentiation treatment for children rotavirus enteritis. Methods One hundred and twenty cases of children with rotavirus enteritis were randomly divided into Chinese medicine group, probiotics group and control group,40 cases in each group. The 3 groups were given conventional treatment such as proper feeding, prevention of dehydration and correction of dehydration. Additionally, Chinese Medicine group was separately given modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction for patients with damp-heat syndrome, modified Huoxiang Zhengqi Decoction for patients with wind-cold syndrome, modified Baohe Pills for patients impaired by overeating, modified Shenling Baizhu Powder for patients with spleen deficiency syndrome;probiotics group received Probiotic Bifidobacterium Triple Viable Enteric Capsules;the control group was given oral use of Smecta. Daily defecation frequency and stool characteristics were recorded,and the clinical efficacy was analyzed on treatment day 3 and 5. Results(1)After treatment for 3 days,the total effective rate of the 3 groups arrived to 100%,the difference being insignificant between the 3 groups (P > 0.05);after treatment for 3 days, Chinese medicine group had higher markedly effective rate than probiotics group and control group,the difference being significant (P < 0.05). (2) After treatment for 3 and 5 days,the defecation frequency of the 3 groups was much reduced as compared with that before treatment (P < 0.05), and the improvement of defecation frequency in Chinese medicine group was superior to that in probiotic group and control group, the difference being significant (P <0.05). (3)The mean course of disease in Chinese medicine group was shorter than that in probiotic group and control group,the difference being significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Traditional Chinese medicine syndrome-differentiation treatment exerts certain effect for the treatment of rotavirus enteritis, and can quickly reduce defection frequency and shorten the course of disease.

Comparative analysis of sequence alignment of SH3GL1 gene as a disease candidate gene of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify whether SH3GL1 gene serves as a disease associated gene of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Positioning candidate cloning: "case-sibling or case-family control design" research scheme based on family constellation was designed. Fifty-six AIS patients (15 male and 41 female, mean age 15 years old, ranged from 8 to 22 years old, Cobb angle from 25 degrees to 110 degrees , average Cobb angle of 67.5 degrees ) from November 2007 to December 2008 were recruited. In all patients, blood preparation was collected, and genome DNA was extracted. According to nucleotide sequence of gene SH3GL1, primer pair for PCR amplification, cloning, and sequencing with 10 exons as emphasis was designed. Sequence comparative analysis for exon sequencing result between sib pairs or family pairs, and that between sib pair or family pairs and NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) were conducted through Vector NTI Advance 10.3 software to judge whether basic group mutation occurred or not. Amino acid sequence comparative analysis for prediction was made.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ten exons of the candidate gene SH3GL1 were successfully amplified and cloned in genome DNA of an AIS sib pair and family pairs, and the sequencing obtained positive results. Twelve basic group mutations were found in 10 exons of the candidate gene SH3GL1 of patients with AIS. These mutations were located in the second exon (3 mutations), the fourth exon (1 mutations), the fifth exon (4 mutations), the sixth exon (1 mutations), the eighth exon (1 mutations), and the tenth exon (2 mutations, noncoding region). If basic group in 515 of mRNA was mutated to T, termination codon(TAG) came into being and open reading frame was altered. The sequence of protein showed brachytmema protein was encoded, which could cause changes of primary structure.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SH3GL1 is possibly one of the disease associated genes of AIS.</p>

Comprehensive research and evaluation of chlorogenic acid allergy / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The non-allergy of chlorogenic acid was demonstrated by the study result of allergy with different purity of chlorogenic acid and comprehensive analysis of literature.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The allergies of different samples, which contained the different purity of chlorogenic acid extracts, chlorogenic acid for injection, interior solution of dialysis, external solution of dialysis, post-term chlorogenic acid for injection and chlorogenic acid for injection with degradation, were validated with active systemic anaphylaxis and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis on rats and guinea pigs respectively. The range of molecular weight of macromolecular remains after dialysis were identified by LC-MS.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Allergic reactions were happened in dialysis isolated macromolecular substances, which were identified by LC-MS, and lower purity extracts (purity of chlorogenic acid < or = 40%), while the reactions were not happened in isolated micromolecular substances and high purity samples (purity of chlorogenic acid > or = 92%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Macromolecules in lower purity of chlorogenic acid extracts were relative closely to the allergen causing anaphylaxis, but not the chlorogenic acid, which was demonstrated according to the study result and analysis of literatures home and abroad.</p>

Effects of ginseng total saponins with berberine on plasma brain natriuretic peptide and Ca2+ concentration in experimental rats with chronic congestive heart failure / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of total saponins of Panax ginseng combined with berberine on hemodynamics, Plasma brain natriuretic peptide and Ca2+ concentration in cardiac cells of chronic congestive heart failure rats.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Animal models of heart failure were induced by subcutaneously injecting a large dose of ISO (80 mg x kg(-1)) for 12 days Rat and then were randomly divided into four groups: model group was given distilled water by gavage; total saponins of P. ginseng combined with berberine group was treated with total saponins of P. ginseng and berberine (each 20 mg x kg(-1); once per day) taken orally; captopril group was given captopril (45 mg x kg(-1); once per day) orally; shenmai injection group was injected intraperitoneally with shenmai injection (5 mL x kg(-1), once per day). The normal control group was given distilled water by gavage. After 4 weeks of drug treatment, rat To determine the contents of hemodynamics and plasma brain natriuretic peptide were determined and rat Ca2+ concentration in cardiomyocytes was measured by flow cytometer of each group.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with normal control group, in model group can decrease the contents of LVSP, +dp/dtmax, and -dp/dtmax were decreased, but increase the contents of LVEDP, plasma brain natriuretic peptide and Ca2+ concentration were increased. The difference between two groups was significant meaning (P<0.01). Compared with model group, in total saponins of P. ginseng combined with berberine group can increase the contents of LVSP, +dp/dtmax, -dp/dtmax were increased, but were increased contents of LVEDP, plasma brain natriuretic peptide and Ca2+ concentration were decreased. The difference between two groups was significant was (P<0.01, P<0.05). Moreover, Total saponins of P. ginseng combined with berberine group had an efficacy similar to that of captopril group but superior to that of shenmai injection group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Total saponins of P. ginseng combined with berberine has a good effect on hemodynamics, plasma brain natriuretic peptide concentration and calcium overload in experimental rats with chronic congestive heart failure.</p>

Democratic organization of the thalamocortical neural ensembles in nociceptive signal processing / 生理学报

Acute pain is a warning protective sensation for any impending harm. However, chronic pain syndromes are often resistant diseases that may consume large amount of health care costs. It has been suggested by recent studies that pain perception may be formed in central neural networks via large-scale coding processes, which involves sensory, affective, and cognitive dimensions. Many central areas are involved in these processes, including structures from the spinal cord, the brain stem, the limbic system, to the cortices. Thus, chronic painful diseases may be the result of some abnormal coding within this network. A thorough investigation of coding mechanism of pain within the central neuromatrix will bring us great insight into the mechanisms responsible for the development of chronic pain, hence leading to novel therapeutic interventions for pain management.

Transarterial oily chemoembolization combined with interstitial laser thermotherapy for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the therapeutic effects and adverse effects of transarterial oily chemoembolization combined with interstitial laser thermotherapy (TOCE+ILT) in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 120 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were randomized into two groups and received interventions with TOCE+ILT or TOCE combined with percutaneous ethanol injection (TOCE+PEI). The treatment was repeated when necessary until the tumor was completely ablated, after which the therapeutic effects were evaluated and the patients were the followed up for observing long-term clinical outcome.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 120 patients enrolled in this observation, 105 were followed up for two years (54 in TOCE+ILT group and 51 in TOCE+PEI group). The complete tumor necrosis rate of TOCE+ILT group was significantly higher than that of the TOCE+PEI group (84.8% vs 73.9%,Chi(2)=4.405, P=0.036), and TOCE+ILT was associated with a significantly higher negative conversion rate of AFP positivity (77.8% vs 56.1%, Chi(2)=4.592, P=0.032). The 1-year survival rate were similar between two groups, but the 2-year survival rate was significantly higher in patients with TOCE+ILT (79.6% vs 60.8%, Chi(2)=4.477, P=0.034). The hepatic function was comparable between the two groups before treatment, and 1 week after treatment, the ALT level in patients undergoing TOCE+ILT was significantly lower than that in patients with TOCE+PEI (95.90-/+56.06 U/L vs 116.31-/+45.27 U/L, t=2.04, P=0.043). Post-embolization syndrome was observed in the patients in two groups, but no severe adverse events were found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TOCE+ILT has good therapeutic effects and mild side effects in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.</p>

Clinical study on effect of acupoint sticking of chuanfuling in dog-days in preventing and treating children asthma in remission stage / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect and mechanism of acupoint sticking of Chuanfuling (CFL) in dog-days (the hottest periods of the year) in preventing and treating children asthma in remission stage.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety patients were divided into three groups, 30 in each. Patients in the CFL group were treated with CFL sticking, in the Western medicine (WM) group treated with Pulmicort inhalation, and in the control group was untreated. The clinical effect and indexes of humoral immunity (IgE, IgA, IgG) and cellular immunity (Eos, IL-4, IFN-gamma) before and after treatment were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment in the CFL group all the immune parameters were significantly improved (P<0.05 or P<0.01), all were better than those in the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the effect on IgA and IgG was better than that in the WM group. In the WM group after treatment, improvement was shown on the IgE and cellular immune parameters with signifian difference (P<0.05 or P<0.01), better than those in the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Besides, significant difference was shown in comparing IL-4 level between the WM group and the CFL group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CFL sticking in dog-days could significantly improve the immune function in children with asthma to alleviate and control the attack.</p>

HANS in treating spasiticity resulting from spinal cord injury / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Surface transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation(TENS) was applied to treat the spasiticity resulting from spinal cord injury(SCI) in the acupoints of the subjects with SCI in order to oberve thetranscient and long-term effect of the treatment Fand its mechanism will be discussed in this paper. The results show that: 1 )more significant effect in relieving the spasiticiy was got by stimulating in high frequencyfor 30minutes,while less effect in low frequency(2Hz) ; 2)the effect in high frequency was partially ostracized by naloxone; 3)the effect in high frequency lasted for a long time i 4)compared with lumbar and sacralstimulation,the acupoint stimulation lasted for the longest time. This study also gets a hypothesis that highfrequency TENS in acupoints improves dynorphin in CSF to release and significantly relieve the spasiticityby kappa opioid receptor which decreases the excitment of anterior motor neuron.