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1.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36231425

RESUMO

This study investigated the association between maternal low (<400 µg/day) or high (≥1000 µg/day) folic acid supplements (FAs) use during pregnancy and the attentional function and working memory in boys and girls at age 7-9. A longitudinal analysis based on 1609 mother-child pairs from the Spanish Infancia y Medio Ambiente Project was carried out. Multivariable regression analyses revealed that, compared to the recommended FAs use, a low FAs use during the second period of pregnancy was associated with a lower alertness in all children (ß = 18.70 ms; 95% CI: 7.51; 29.89) and in girls (ß = 30.01 ms; 95% CI: 12.96; 47.01), and with a lower N-back Task performance in boys (d' number 2-back (ß = -0.25; 95% CI: -0.49; 0.01)). A high FAs use throughout the two periods of pregnancy was associated with a better N-back Task performance only in girls (d' number 2-back (ß = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.01; 0.56) and d' number 3-back (ß = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.08; 0.56)). The maternal use of FAs beyond the periconceptional period may affect children's attentional function and working memory at age 7-9 differently for boys and girls.


Assuntos
Cognição , Ácido Fólico , Criança , Estudos de Coortes , Suplementos Nutricionais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Memória de Curto Prazo , Gravidez
2.
Nutrients ; 13(2)2021 Jan 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33498619

RESUMO

We assessed the association between the use of lower- and higher-than-recommended doses of folic acid supplements (FAs) during pregnancy and attentional function in boys and girls at age of 4-5. We analyzed data from 1329 mother-child pairs from the mother-child cohort INfancia y Medio Ambiente Project (INMA) study. Information on FAs use during pregnancy was collected in personal interviews at weeks 12 and 30, and categorized in <400, 400-999 (recommended dose), and ≥1000 µg/day. Child attentional function was assessed by Conners' Kiddie Continuous Performance Test. Multivariable regression analyses were used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) and beta coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Compared to recommended FAs doses, the periconceptional use of <400 and ≥1000 µg/day was associated with higher risk of omission errors-IRR = 1.14 (95% CI: 1.01; 1.29) and IRR = 1.16 (95% CI: 1.02; 1.33), respectively. The use of FAs < 400 µg/day and ≥1000 µg/day was significantly associated with deficits of attentional function only in boys. FAs use < 400 µg/day was associated with higher omission errors with IRR = 1.22 and increased hit reaction time (HRT) ß = 34.36, and FAs use ≥ 1000 µg/day was associated with increased HRT ß = 33.18 and HRT standard error ß = 3.31. The periconceptional use of FAs below or above the recommended doses is associated with deficits of attentional function in children at age of 4-5, particularly in boys.


Assuntos
Atenção/efeitos dos fármacos , Desenvolvimento Infantil/efeitos dos fármacos , Suplementos Nutricionais/efeitos adversos , Ácido Fólico/administração & dosagem , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Adulto , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Ácido Fólico/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , Espanha
3.
Environ Res ; 161: 276-283, 2018 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29172161

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: We integratively assessed the effect of different indoor and outdoor environmental exposures early in life on respiratory and allergic health conditions among children from (sub-) urban areas. METHODS: This study included children participating in four ongoing European birth cohorts located in three different geographical regions: INMA (Spain), LISAplus (Germany), GINIplus (Germany) and BAMSE (Sweden). Wheezing, bronchitis, asthma and allergic rhinitis throughout childhood were assessed using parental-completed questionnaires. We designed "environmental scores" corresponding to different indoor, green- and grey-related exposures (main analysis, a-priori-approach). Cohort-specific associations between these environmental scores and the respiratory health outcomes were assessed using random-effects meta-analyses. In addition, a factor analysis was performed based on the same exposure information used to develop the environmental scores (confirmatory analysis, data-driven-approach). RESULTS: A higher early exposure to the indoor environmental score increased the risk for wheezing and bronchitis within the first year of life (combined adjusted odds ratio: 1.20 [95% confidence interval: 1.13-1.27] and 1.28 [1.18-1.39], respectively). In contrast, there was an inverse association with allergic rhinitis between 6 and 8 years (0.85 [0.79-0.92]). There were no statistically significant associations for the outdoor related environmental scores in relation to any of the health outcomes tested. The factor analysis conducted confirmed these trends. CONCLUSION: Although a higher exposure to indoor related exposure through occupants was associated with an increased risk for wheezing and bronchitis within the 1st year, it might serve as a preventive mechanism against later childhood allergic respiratory outcomes in urbanized environments through enhanced shared contact with microbial agents.


Assuntos
Exposição Ambiental , Poluentes Ambientais , Rinite Alérgica , Criança , Poluentes Ambientais/efeitos adversos , Alemanha/epidemiologia , Humanos , Sons Respiratórios , Rinite Alérgica/epidemiologia , Espanha/epidemiologia , Suécia/epidemiologia
4.
Am J Clin Nutr ; 106(3): 878-887, 2017 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28724645

RESUMO

Background: The benefits of the use of folic acid supplements (FASs) during the periconception period to prevent neural tube defects and to ensure normal brain development in offspring are well known. There is concern, however, about the long-term effects of the maternal use of high dosages of FASs that exceed the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) (≥1000 µg/d) on child neurocognitive outcomes.Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the association between the use of high dosages of FASs during pregnancy and child neuropsychological development at ages 4-5 y.Design: The multicenter prospective mother-child cohort study, the Infancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) Project, was conducted in 4 regions of Spain: Asturias, Sabadell, Gipuzkoa, and Valencia. Pregnant women were recruited between 2003 and 2008. Data on 1682 mother-child pairs were included in the final analyses. The pregnant women completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire that was validated to estimate typical dietary folate intake and the use of FASs at 10-13 and 28-32 wk of gestation. Neuropsychological development scores at 4-5 y of age were estimated with the use of the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities. Multiple linear regression and meta-analysis were used to obtain combined-effect estimates.Results: During the periconception period, one-third of the women (n = 502) took FAS dosages ≥1000 µg/d. The use of FAS dosages ≥1000 µg/d in this period was negatively associated with several neuropsychological outcomes scores in children: global verbal (ß = -2.49; 95% CI: -4.71, -0.27), verbal memory (ß = -3.59; 95% CI: -6.95, -0.23), cognitive function of posterior cortex (ß = -2.31; 95% CI: -4.45, -0.18), and cognitive function of left posterior cortex (ß = -3.26; 95% CI: -5.51, -1.01).Conclusions: The use of FAS dosages exceeding the UL (≥1000 µg/d) during the periconception period was associated with lower levels of cognitive development in children aged 4-5 y. The use of FAS dosages ≥1000 µg/d during pregnancy should be monitored and prevented as much as possible, unless medically prescribed.


Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Infantil/efeitos dos fármacos , Cognição/efeitos dos fármacos , Suplementos Nutricionais/efeitos adversos , Ácido Fólico/efeitos adversos , Memória/efeitos dos fármacos , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Pré-Natal , Adulto , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Pré-Escolar , Dieta , Inquéritos sobre Dietas , Feminino , Ácido Fólico/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Masculino , Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , Espanha , Complexo Vitamínico B/administração & dosagem , Complexo Vitamínico B/efeitos adversos
5.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 86(4): 188-196, abr. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-161541

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: La vitamina D es una prohormona esencial en la homeostasis del calcio y el fósforo. Estudios recientes muestran una elevada frecuencia de insuficiencia/deficiencia de vitamina D en población general a nivel mundial. Nuestro objetivo ha sido estimar la prevalencia de deficiencia e insuficiencia de vitamina D sérica [25(OH)D3] y examinar sus factores asociados en la infancia. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se ha estudiado a 283 niños participantes en la cohorte INMA-Asturias. Se determinó la 25(OH)D3 mediante cromatografía líquida de alta resolución. Se han estimado las prevalencias de deficiencia ([25(OH)D3 < 20 ng/ml) e insuficiencia (20-29,9 ng/ml) de vitamina D y se ha analizado la distribución de 25(OH)D3 por mes de extracción, ingesta y otros factores. RESULTADOS: La 25(OH)D3 media fue 20,1 ng/ml (rango 2,7-49,8). El 8,8% tenía 25(OH)D3 ≥ 30 ng/ml, el 38,5% entre 20-20,9 ng/ml y el 52,7% < 20 ng/ml. Se halló variación estacional con menores valores en invierno. No se encontró relación entre los niveles plasmáticos y la ingesta de vitamina D (mediana 2,7 g/día, rango 0,81-12,62), el tiempo al aire libre (mediana 3 h, rango: 0:21-6:55), el índice de masa corporal, ni el sexo, pero sí con los niveles de sus madres durante la gestación. CONCLUSIONES: Existe una elevada prevalencia de deficiencia/insuficiencia de vitamina D a los 4 años. La exposición solar podría no ser suficiente en nuestra región. Se deberían promover actividades al aire libre con una adecuada exposición a la luz solar. Dado el déficit de ingesta en la infancia, es necesario hacer recomendaciones de una alimentación variada rica en vitamina D en este periodo especialmente durante el invierno, valorando la necesidad de suplementar con vitamina D en los niños de riesgo


INTRODUCTION: Vitamin D is an essential prohormone in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. Recent studies show a high frequency of insufficiency/deficiency of vitamin D in the general population worldwide. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of circulating vitamin D [25(OH)D3] deficiency and insufficiency in children and examine the associated factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 283 children, participants in the cohort INMA-Asturias, were studied. The 25(OH)D3 concentrations were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. The prevalence of deficiency [25(OH)D3 < 20 ng/ml] and insufficiency [20-29.9 ng/ml] of vitamin D was estimated. Distribution of 25(OH)D3 for month of extraction of specimen, ingestion, and other factors were analysed. RESULTS: The mean 25(OH)D3 was 20.1 ng/ml (range 2.7-49.8), with 8.8% ≥ 30 ng/ml, 38.5% from 20-20.9 ng/ml, and 52.7% < 20 ng/ml. Seasonal variation was found, with lower values in winter. There was no relationship between plasma levels and intake of vitamin D (median 2.7 g/day, range 0.81-12.62), time outdoors (mean 3 hours, range: 0:21-6:55), or BMI or gender, but there was one found with the mother's levels during gestation. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency in children at 4 years. Solar exposure might not be enough in our region. Healthy children should be encouraged to follow adequate outdoor activities with associated sun exposure. Due the deficit of intake in childhood, recommendations are needed about a varied diet with vitamin D-containing foods in this age group, especially during the winter, and assessing the need of vitamin D supplementation in children at risk


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Deficiência de Vitamina D/complicações , Deficiência de Vitamina D/dietoterapia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Suplementos Nutricionais , Poluentes Ambientais/efeitos adversos , Luz Solar/efeitos adversos , Efeito de Coortes , Estudos Prospectivos , Antropometria/métodos
6.
Int J Hyg Environ Health ; 220(4): 647-658, 2017 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28291591

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In 2003 the INMA-INfancia y Medio Ambiente (Environment and Childhood) project, a Spanish national network of birth cohorts including more than 3500 participants, was set up with the aim to assess the health impacts of pre- and postnatal environmental exposures on children. The project has published more than 60 papers on maternal and environmental factors related to neuropsychological development in children, one of the main research interests within the project. With the present review, we evaluate the evidence provided by the INMA project on this topic and discuss how the data can contribute to cover the challenges that children's environmental health research will face in the coming years. RESULTS: The INMA project has contributed to provide increasing evidence of the association between prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and child neuropsychological development, but it has also shown, using innovative methodologies, that postnatal exposure to these compounds does not play a role in this association. The project has also contributed to show the detrimental influence of certain air pollutants on child neuropsychological development, as well as how a balanced maternal fish intake can protect from the potential adverse effects of prenatal exposure to mercury. Also, the project has contributed to the understanding of impacts of nutritional factors including supplement intake and vitamin D levels during pregnancy and the role of breastfeeding on the neuropsychological benefits. CONCLUSIONS: INMA findings underscore the importance of continued research on the delineation of the sensitive windows of exposure both during pregnancy and postnatally and on the combined effects of environmental exposures, denoted the exposome. In terms of health policy, INMA findings have important implications for the development of public health policies to advance the health and development of children.


Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Infantil/efeitos dos fármacos , Poluentes Ambientais/toxicidade , Animais , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Criança , Exposição Ambiental , Humanos , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Neuropsicologia , Pesquisa
7.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 86(4): 188-196, 2017 Apr.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26988234

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Vitamin D is an essential prohormone in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. Recent studies show a high frequency of insufficiency/deficiency of vitamin D in the general population worldwide. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of circulating vitamin D [25(OH)D3] deficiency and insufficiency in children and examine the associated factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 283 children, participants in the cohort INMA-Asturias, were studied. The 25(OH)D3 concentrations were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. The prevalence of deficiency [25(OH)D3<20 ng/ml] and insufficiency [20-29.9 ng/ml] of vitamin D was estimated. Distribution of 25(OH)D3 for month of extraction of specimen, ingestion, and other factors were analysed. RESULTS: The mean 25(OH)D3 was 20.1 ng/ml (range 2.7-49.8), with 8.8% ≥ 30 ng/ml, 38.5% from 20-20.9 ng/ml, and 52.7%<20 ng/ml. Seasonal variation was found, with lower values in winter. There was no relationship between plasma levels and intake of vitamin D (median 2.7µg/day, range 0.81-12.62), time outdoors (mean 3hours, range: 0:21-6:55), or BMI or gender, but there was one found with the mother's levels during gestation. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency in children at 4 years. Solar exposure might not be enough in our region. Healthy children should be encouraged to follow adequate outdoor activities with associated sun exposure. Due the deficit of intake in childhood, recommendations are needed about a varied diet with vitamin D-containing foods in this age group, especially during the winter, and assessing the need of vitamin D supplementation in children at risk.


Assuntos
Deficiência de Vitamina D/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Espanha/epidemiologia
8.
Nutr. hosp ; 31(4): 1633-1640, abr. 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-135067

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivos: El déficit de vitamina D durante el embarazo se ha relacionado con sucesos adversos durante la gestación y con el desarrollo infantil postnatal. En este estudio examinamos los niveles plasmáticos de vitamina D [25(OH)D3] y los factores asociados a su deficiencia e insuficiencia plasmática en embarazadas del norte de España. Material y método: Se han analizado los datos de 453 gestantes participantes en la cohorte INMA-Asturias a las que se determinó la 25(OH)D3 mediante cromatografía líquida de alta resolución. Se ha estimado la ingesta dietética de vitamina D mediante un cuestionario de frecuencia alimentaria validado. Se han estimado las prevalencias de deficiencia [25(OH)D3 <20ng/ml] e insuficiencia [20-29,9 ng/ml] de vitamina D y se ha analizado la distribución de 25(OH)D3 por mes de extracción y otros factores. Resultados: La concentración media de 25(OH)D3 fue 27,7 ng/ml (rango 6,4-69,5). Un 27,4% de gestantes presentaron niveles deficientes y un 35,3% insuficientes. Los niveles de 25(OH)D3 fueron mayores en los meses de verano (mediana 34,1 ng/ml). Hubo un mayor porcentaje de deficiencia en las gestantes con sobrepeso/obesidad (34,5%) y en las menores de 25 años (47,8%). La ingesta media diaria de vitamina D fue 5,48 µg/día (DT 2,82 rango 1,09-32,52). Durante los meses de octubre a mayo la ingesta se relacionó con los niveles de 25(OH)D3. Un 8,6% refirieron tomar suplementos de vitamina D. Conclusiones: Se ha detectado una elevada proporción de embarazadas con niveles de vitamina D considerados como deficientes o insuficientes, especialmente en los meses de octubre a mayo, en las gestantes con sobrepeso y obesidad y en las de menor edad (AU)


Background and objectives: The vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy has been associated with adverse events during pregnancy and the postnatal child development. In this study we examined plasma levels of vitamin D [25(OH)D3] and factors associated with plasma deficiency and insufficiency in pregnant women in northern Spain. Methods: We analyzed data from 453 pregnant women participating in the INMA-Asturias cohort in which was determined 25(OH)D3 by high resolution liquid chromatography. Dietary intake of vitamin D was estimated through a food frequency validated questionnaire. We estimated the prevalence of deficiency [25(OH)D3<20ng / ml] and insufficiency [20 to 29.9 ng / ml] of vitamin D and analyzed the distribution of 25(OH)D3 per month extraction and other factors. Results: The mean concentration of 25(OH)D3 was 27.7 ng/ml (range 6.4 to 69.5). 27.4% of pregnant women had deficient levels and 35.3% insufficient. Levels of 25(OH)D3 were higher in the summer months (median 34.1 ng/ml). There was a higher percentage of deficiency in pregnant women with overweight/obesity (34.5%) and under 25 years (47.8%). The average daily intake of vitamin D was 5.48 mg / day (SD 2.82 range 1.09 to 32.52). Intake during the months of October to May was associated with levels of 25(OH)D3. 8.6% reported taking supplements of vitamin D. Conclusions: We detected a high proportion of pregnant women with deficient or insufficient vitamin D levels, especially in the months of October to May, in pregnant women with overweight and obesity, and the youngest (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Deficiência de Vitamina D/epidemiologia , Gestantes , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Complicações na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Nutrição da Gestante , Luz Solar , Helioterapia , Comportamento Alimentar , Calcifediol/uso terapêutico
9.
Nutr Hosp ; 31(4): 1633-40, 2015 Apr 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25795951

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy has been associated with adverse events during pregnancy and the postnatal child development. In this study we examined plasma levels of vitamin D [25(OH)D3] and factors associated with plasma deficiency and insufficiency in pregnant women in northern Spain. METHODS: We analyzed data from 453 pregnant women participating in the INMA-Asturias cohort in which was determined 25(OH)D3 by high resolution liquid chromatography.Dietary intake of vitamin D was estimated through a food frequency validated questionnaire. We estimated the prevalence of deficiency [25(OH)D3 <20 ng/ml] and insufficiency [20 to 29.9 ng / ml] of vitamin D and analyzed the distribution of 25(OH)D3 per month extraction and other factors. RESULTS: The mean concentration of 25(OH)D3 was 27.7 ng/ml (range 6.4 to 69.5). 27.4% of pregnant women had deficient levels and 35.3% inssuficient. Levels of 25(OH)D3 were higher in the summer months (median 34.1 ng/ml). There was a higher percentage of deficiency in pregnant women with overweight/obesity (34.5%) and under 25 years (47.8%). The average daily intake of vitamin D was 5.48 mg / day (SD 2.82 range 1.09 to 32.52).Intake during the months of October to May was associated with levels of 25(OH)D3. 8.6% reported taking supplements of vitamin D. CONCLUSIONS: We detected a high proportion of pregnant women with deficient or insufficient vitamin D levels, especially in the months of October to May, in pregnant women with overweight and obesity, and the youngest.


Introducción y objetivos: El déficit de vitamina D durante el embarazo se ha relacionado con sucesos adversos durante la gestación y con el desarrollo infantil postnatal. En este estudio examinamos los niveles plasmáticos de vitamina D [25(OH)D3] y los factores asociados a su deficiencia e insuficiencia plasmática en embarazadas del norte de España. Material y método: Se han analizado los datos de 453 gestantes participantes en la cohorte INMA-Asturias a las que se determinó la 25(OH)D3 mediante cromatografía líquida de alta resolución. Se ha estimado la ingesta dietética de vitamina D mediante un cuestionario de frecuencia alimentaria validado. Se han estimado las prevalencias de deficiencia [25(OH)D3.


Assuntos
Complicações na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Deficiência de Vitamina D/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Calcifediol/sangue , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/complicações , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Gestantes , Prevalência , Estações do Ano , Espanha/epidemiologia , Vitamina D/sangue , Adulto Jovem
10.
JAMA Pediatr ; 168(11): e142611, 2014 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25365251

RESUMO

IMPORTANCE: Folate intake during pregnancy has been associated with improved neuropsychological development in children, although the effects of high dosages of folic acid (FA) supplements are unclear. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between the use of high dosages of FA supplements during pregnancy and child neuropsychological development after the first year of life. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: The multicenter prospective mother-child cohort Infancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) Project recruited pregnant women from 4 areas of Spain (Asturias, Sabadell, Gipuzkoa, and Valencia) between November 2003 and January 2008. Pregnant women completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire on the usual dietary folate intake and FA supplements at 10 to 13 weeks and 28 to 32 weeks of gestation. The main analyses were based on a sample of 2213 children with complete information on neuropsychological development and FA supplement intake during pregnancy. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were used to explore the effects of FA supplements on child neuropsychological development. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Neuropsychological development was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. We calculated mental scale and psychomotor scale scores. One SD below the mean established a delay in neurodevelopment (score <85). RESULTS: A high proportion of women (57.3%) did not reach the recommended dosages of FA supplements (400 µg/d), but 25.2% women took more than 1000 µg/d of FA supplements (3.5% consuming >5000 µg/d). In multivariate analysis, we observed that children whose mothers used FA supplement dosages higher than 5000 µg/d during pregnancy had a statistically significantly lower mean psychomotor scale score (difference, -4.35 points; 95% CI, -8.34 to -0.36) than children whose mothers used a recommended dosage of FA supplements (400-1000 µg/d). An increased risk of delayed psychomotor development (psychomotor scale score <85) was also evident among children whose mothers took FA supplement dosages higher than 5000 µg/d, although the association was not statistically significant (odds ratio = 1.59; 95% CI, 0.82-3.08). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: To our knowledge, this is the first time a detrimental effect of high dosages of FA supplements during pregnancy on psychomotor development after the first year of life has been shown. Further research from longitudinal studies is warranted to confirm these results.


Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Infantil/fisiologia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Ácido Fólico/administração & dosagem , Gravidez , Desempenho Psicomotor/fisiologia , Adulto , Suplementos Nutricionais/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Ácido Fólico/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Análise de Regressão , Inquéritos e Questionários
11.
Am J Epidemiol ; 177(9): 944-53, 2013 May 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23548753

RESUMO

Iodine supplementation during pregnancy is a common practice in developed countries. However, scant evidence is available regarding the safety and effectiveness of maternal iodine supplementation with regard to child neuropsychological development. We previously reported an inverse association between iodine supplementation and the psychomotor development of infants in a birth cohort from Valencia, Spain. In the present study, we assessed this association in a wider sample of mother and child pairs from 3 other regions in Spain. Neuropsychological development was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development in 1,519 infants (median age, 16 months) between 2006 and 2009. In multivariate analyses, maternal consumption of 150 µg/day or more of iodine from supplements was related to a 1.5-fold increase in the odds of a psychomotor score less than 85 (95% confidence interval: 0.8, 2.9) and to a 1.7-fold increase in the odds of a mental score less than 85 (95% confidence interval: 0.9, 3.0). Findings previously reported in the Valencia cohort were only partially verified. The results of the present study suggest that, at least in these regions, iodine supplementation does not improve infant neuropsychological development at 1 year of age. Further research is needed on the risks and benefits of supplementary iodine for both maternal thyroid function and child neurodevelopment.


Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Infantil/efeitos dos fármacos , Cognição/efeitos dos fármacos , Desenvolvimento Fetal/efeitos dos fármacos , Iodo/efeitos adversos , Desempenho Psicomotor/efeitos dos fármacos , Estudos de Coortes , Dieta/estatística & dados numéricos , Suplementos Nutricionais/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Análise de Alimentos , Humanos , Lactente , Entrevistas como Assunto , Iodo/administração & dosagem , Iodo/urina , Modelos Logísticos , Troca Materno-Fetal/efeitos dos fármacos , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , Análise Multivariada , Gravidez , Espanha
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