Photochemoprotective Potential of the Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Eugenia hiemalis Leaves and Its 2,6-Di-O-galloylarbutin Isolate Against UVB-Induced Photodamage.

Intense and constant exposure to UVB radiation can lead to inflammation and oxidative stress, which are associated with many cutaneous disorders, including photoaging and skin cancer. Antioxidant plant materials that are rich in polyphenols, such as the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) from Eugenia hiemalis leaves, and phenolic compounds represent a promising approach to protect the skin against UVB-induced damage. The present study evaluated the photochemoprotective potential of the EAF and its 2,6-di-O-galloylarbutin (1) isolate. The EAF and the phenolic antioxidant (1) reduced UVB-induced L929 fibroblast death. The EAF prevented UVB-induced damage in fibroblasts by inhibiting the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, especially in pretreated cells. Topical treatment with an emulsion with 1% EAF prevented/attenuated UVB-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in the skin in hairless mice by controlling the increase in myeloperoxidase activity, reducing superoxide anion production, maintaining radical-scavenging ability and ferric reducing power, and controlling the depletion of reduced glutathione and catalase levels. The EAF also inhibited the increase in epidermal thickness, mast cell infiltration, the number of sunburn cells and collagen fiber destruction that were triggered by UVB. The in vitro and in vivo results indicated that the EAF is a bioactive agent that is able to protect the skin against the harmful effects of UVB.

Nectandra cuspidata fraction and the isolated polyphenols protect fibroblasts and hairless mice skin from UVB-induced inflammation and oxidative stress.

Excessive exposure to UVB radiation can lead to oxidative and inflammatory damage that compromises the cutaneous integrity. The application on the skin of photochemoprotective products is considered a relevant approach for the prevention of oxidative damage. In this study the in vitro and in vivo photochemoprotective effects of antioxidant plant materials obtained from the leaves of Nectandra cuspidata Nees following UVB irradiation were evaluated. The cytoprotective effect, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were assessed in L-929 fibroblasts treated with the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) or isolated compounds (epicatechin, isovitexin and vitexin) before or after irradiation with UVB (500 mJ/cm2). EAF substantially reduced the dead of cells and inhibited the UVB-induced ROS production and LPO in both treatments, compared with the irradiated untreated fibroblasts, presenting effects similar or better than pure compounds. The in vivo photochemoprotective effects of a topical emulsion containing 1% EAF (F2) were evaluated in hairless mice exposed to UVB. F2 improved all evaluated parameters in the skin of animals, inhibited ROS production, increased antioxidant defenses by decreasing reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase depletion, reduced the activities of metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and myeloperoxidase, decreased epidermal thickness and skin edema, and inhibited the appearance of sunburn cells as well as the recruitment of neutrophils and mast cell inflammatory infiltrates. These findings show that EAF presents high photochemoprotective effects, and that a topical formulation containing it may have potential for skin care.

In vitro antioxidant potential and in vivo effects of Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi leaf extract in diabetic rats and determination of chemical composition by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS.

The present study investigated the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant potential and phytochemical composition of Schinus terebinthifolia, which is widely used in folk medicine for various therapeutic purposes. The in vitro analyses indicated that the hydroethanolic extract (HE) had 312.50 ± 0.50 mg GAE/g of total phenols. It also presented anti-DPPH• and anti-ABTS•+ activity, reduced phosphomolybden and metal ions and blocked the bleaching of ß-carotene. The HE at concentrations of 3.0 and 2.0 µg/mL had TRAP values of 2.223 ± 0.018 and 1.894 ± 0.026 µM Trolox, respectively. The HE increased the availability of antioxidants in plasma in treated animals in vivo. HPLC-ESI-MS/MS indicated the presence of 11 phenols: cumaric acid, (+)-catechin, myricetin-3-O-glicuronide, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, myricetin, myricitrin, quercetin, gallic acid, methyl galate, pentagalloyl glucose and ethyl galate. Thus, S. terebinthifolia has potential for the prevention or treatment of diseases that are related to oxidative stress, such as diabetes mellitus.

Antileishmanial and antioxidant potential of fractions and isolated compounds from Nectandra cuspidata.

The effects on the viability of promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and citotoxicity in J774.A1 macrophages of ethanolic extract, fractions and isolated compounds that were obtained from the leaves of Nectandra cuspidata were determined. The total phenolics content (TP) and antioxidant activity were assessed using different assays. The ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) had the best antiproliferative activity (amastigote IC50: 4.42 ± 0.60 µg/mL, promastigote IC50: 33.33 ± 0.78) and presented no cytotoxicity at the highest concentration tested (1000 µg/mL). The EAF also had the greatest antioxidant capacity, which was comparable to butylated hydroxytoluene and quercetin (DPPH IC50 6.54 ± 0.10 µg/mL, ABTS 4.75 ± 0.11 mmol ET/g; FRAP 2.37 ± 0.03 mmol ET/g; ORAC = 33.52 ± 1.99 mmol ET/g; TP 387.11 ± 0.25 mg GAE/g). Vitexin, epicatechin and isovitexin isolated from EAF contribute to both activities.

Consumo de carotenoides e polifenóis em indivíduos com risco cardiometabólico / Carotenoid and polyphenol consumption in subjects with cardiometabolic risk

Introdução: Os compostos bioativos possuem um importante papel antioxidante e proporcionam um tratamento adjuvante no combate às Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis. Objetivo: Determinar o consumo atual de compostos bioativos (carotenoides e polifenóis) em indivíduos com risco cardiometabólico. Metodologia: Estudo transversal com 227 sujeitos participantes do Programa de Atenção à Saúde Cardiovascular da Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Foram coletados dados de ingestão alimentar atual para determinação do consumo de carotenoides, polifenóis, micro e macronutrientes utilizando um recordatório 24 horas. Dados antropométricos, de composição corporal, sociodemográficos e de estilo de vida também foram avaliados. O teste de Mann Whitney e correlação de Spearman foram realizados no SPSS v.20.0, com significância de p2,52 mg/dia) obtiveram menores valores de gordura corporal total (p<0,001). Conclusão: Nossos resultados indicam que um maior consumo de quempferol esteve relacionado com menores valores de indicadores de adiposidade total. Porém, mais estudos são necessários para se estabelecer os mecanismos envolvidos em seus potenciais benefícios em relação à adiposidade e resposta metabólica (AU)

Introduction: The bioactive compounds play an important antioxidant role and provide an adjuvant treatment to fight Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases. Objective: To determine the current intake of bioactive compounds (carotenoids and polyphenols) in subjects with cardiometabolic risk. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 227 subjects who participated in the Cardiovascular Health Care Program of the Federal University of Viçosa. Data of current dietary intake were collected for the determination of carotenoids, polyphenols, micronutrients and macronutrients consumption using a 24-hour recall. Data of anthropometry, body composition, sociodemographic conditions and lifestyle were also evaluated. The Mann Whitney test and Spearman correlation were performed using SPSS v.20.0, with significance of p 2.52 mg / day) had lower values of total body fat (p< 0.001). Conclusion: Our results indicate that a higher intake of kaempferol was associated with lower values of total adiposity indicators. However, more studies are necessary to establish the mechanisms involved in their potential benefits regarding adiposity and metabolic response (AU)

Biochemical and microbiological characteristics of in situ biofilm formed on materials containing fluoride or amorphous calcium phosphate.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the biochemical and microbiological characteristics of in situ biofilm formed on materials that release fluoride (F-) or calcium (Ca++) and phosphate (Pi). METHODS: This study comprised an in situ and in vitro experiment, utilizing three materials [Auralay XF and Fuji IX GP, containing fluoride, and Aegis containing amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)] and bovine dental enamel slabs. For the in situ: 10 volunteers wore palatal devices, each containing four material specimens or enamel slabs that were treated with 20% sucrose solution. The biofilm had pH measurements on Day 7 and the composition was analyzed on Day 8 by assessing the following: F-, Ca++, Pi and insoluble extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) concentrations, and then identification of the microbiota. For the in vitro: materials/enamel were subjected to a 7-day pH-cycling regimen to determine F, Ca++ and Pi release. RESULTS: The biofilm formed on F(-)-releasing materials was richer in F, Ca++ and Pi and had lower mutans streptococci counts than enamel biofilm. The biofilm on the ACP-containing material exhibited similar Ca++ and Pi concentrations to biofilm on F(-)-releasing materials. The materials showed buffering action compared with enamel. Biochemical and microbiological characteristics showed a less cariogenic biofilm on materials containing fluoride or amorphous calcium phosphate.

Effect of the ethanolic extract from green propolis on production of antibodies after immunization against canine parvovirus (CPV) and canine coronavirus (CCoV) / Efeito do extrato etanólico de própolis verde sobre a produção de anticorpos após imunização contra parvovírus canino (CPV) e coronavírus canino (CCoV)

This study was designed to evaluate whether an ethanolic extract of green propolis (EEP) can interfere with p roduction of specific antibodies after immunization against parvovirus (CPV) and canine coronavirus (CCoV). Mice were vaccinated with CPV and CCoV (0.75, 1.5 and 3 x 106 TCID50) with or without 400 μg/dose of the EEP. Twenty one days after the third dose was measured serum IgG. The co-administration of the EEP significantly enhanced serum specific IgG responses to CPV in animals inoculated with the highest concentration of the antigen, and had no influence on levels of antibodies to CCoV. The results indicate that the EEP has immunomodulatory action closely dependent on the type and concentration of antigen used, being able to increase the levels of antibodies to CPV.

Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar se extrato etanólico de própolis verde (EEP) pode interferir na produção de anticorpos específicos após imunização contra parvovírus (CPV) e coronavírus canino (CCoV). Camundongos foramvacinados com CPV e CCoV (0.75, 1.5 e 3 x 106 TCID50) com ou sem 400 μg/dose de EEP. Vinte e um dias após a terceira dose foi mensurado IgG sérica. A coadministração de EEP aumentou significativamente os níveis de IgG específica para o CPV em animais inoculados com a maior concentração do antígeno, e não teve influência sobre os níveis de anticorpos para CCoV. Os resultados indicam que o EEP tem ação imunomoduladora intimamente dependente do tipo e concentração do antígeno utilizado, sendo capaz de aumentar os níveis de anticorpos contra CPV.

In situ evaluation of the remineralizing capacity of pit and fissure sealants containing amorphous calcium phosphate and/or fluoride.

OBJECTIVE: This in situ study evaluated the remineralizing potential of pit and fissure sealants containing amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and/or fluoride in artificially induced carious lesions on smooth enamel surfaces. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ten volunteers who wore acrylic palatal devices were enrolled in this 5-day double-blind study and assigned to one of the following five groups: (I) demineralized enamel slab+Fluroshield (sealant with fluoride); (II) demineralized enamel slab+Aegis (sealant with ACP); (III) demineralized enamel slab+experimental sealant with fluoride (ESF); (IV) demineralized enamel slab+experimental sealant with fluoride/ACP (ACP-F); and (V) demineralized enamel slab (control). After the experimental period, the percentage of surface microhardness recovery (%SMHR) and the integrated loss of subsurface hardness (DeltaKHN) were evaluated. The concentrations of fluoride, calcium and phosphorus in enamel were also determined. RESULTS: The sealants containing ACP and/or fluoride presented a higher remineralizing capacity (%SMHR and DeltaKHN) than that of the control group. Aegis provided either more efficient or similar remineralization than the other sealants. The association between ACP and fluoride did not show a greater efficacy in the remineralization. F, Ca and P concentrations in enamel varied according to the group. CONCLUSION: The pit and fissure sealants containing ACP were able to promote remineralization of artificially induced carious lesions on smooth enamel surfaces.