Scoring of KDR kinase inhibitors: using interaction energy as a guide for ranking.

Within a congeneric series of ATP-competitive KDR kinase inhibitors, we determined that the IC(50) values, which span four orders of magnitude, correlated best with the calculated ligand-protein interaction energy using the Merck Molecular Force Field (MMFFs(94)). Using the ligand-protein interaction energy as a guide, we outline a workflow to rank order virtual KDR kinase inhibitors prior to synthesis. When structural information of the target is available, the ability to score molecules a priori can be used to rationally select reagents. Our implementation allows one to select thousands of readily available reagents, enumerate compounds in multiple poses and score molecules in the active site of a protein within a few hours. In our experience, virtual library enumeration is best used when a correlation between computed descriptors/properties and IC(50) or K (i) values has been established.

Nonpeptide alphavbeta3 antagonists. Part 11: discovery and preclinical evaluation of potent alphavbeta3 antagonists for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

3-(S)-Pyrimidin-5-yl-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[1,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid (5e) and 3-(S)-(methylpyrimidin-5-yl)-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[1,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid (5f) were identified as potent and selective antagonists of the alpha(v)beta(3) receptor. These compounds have excellent in vitro profiles (IC(50) = 0.07 and 0.08 nM, respectively), significant unbound fractions in human plasma (6 and 4%), and good pharmacokinetics in rat, dog, and rhesus monkey. On the basis of the efficacy shown in an in vivo model of bone turnover following once-daily oral administration, these two compounds were selected for clinical development for the treatment of osteoporosis.