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1.
Salud Publica Mex ; 57(3): 227-33, 2015.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26302125

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To identify the perception and needs in mental health of Central American migrants in transit through Tapachula, Chiapas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Qualitative study in a migrant shelter in Tapachula, Chiapas. In 20 semi-structured interviews with migrant men and women, we explored their perceptions on mental health and expectations on care. We used basic notions of phenomenology to guide the analysis. RESULTS: Migrants had several mental health problems related to the conditions at their country of origin and due to their initial transit through Mexico.Their perception on mental health problems was heavily influenced by the biomedical health paradigm. The expectations they had on the provision of services were related to the satisfaction of basic needs. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to strengthen the governmental response to mental health needs through collaborative strategies. Also, actions are needed to further the understanding of mental health in order to transcend the biomedical notions that stigmatize, segregate and create a barrier to accessing services.


Assuntos
Emigração e Imigração , Saúde Mental , Imigrantes Indocumentados/psicologia , Adulto , Sintomas Afetivos/epidemiologia , Feminino , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Masculino , Serviços de Saúde Mental/provisão & distribuição , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde , Estigma Social , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
2.
Salud pública Méx ; 57(3): 227-233, may.-jun. 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-756601

RESUMO

Objetivo. Conocer las necesidades percibidas de salud mental de migrantes centroamericanos indocumentados en tránsito por la ciudad de Tapachula, Chiapas. Material y métodos. Estudio cualitativo realizado en Casa de Migrantes de Tapachula, Chiapas. Se realizaron 20 entrevistas semiestructuradas a diez mujeres y diez hombres migrantes. Se exploró el estado de salud mental y las expectativas de atención. Se retomaron nociones teórico-metodológicas de la fenomenología sociológica. Resultados. Los migrantes presentaban signos y síntomas de daños en su salud mental relacionados con experiencias vividas en el lugar de origen y en el tránsito por México. La percepción sobre su salud mental es influida por el modelo biomédico hegemónico. Las expectativas de servicios se relacionaron con la satisfacción de necesidades básicas. Conclusiones. Es necesario fortalecer la respuesta del sistema de atención en salud mental a partir de estrategias de cooperación y emprender acciones que promuevan la superación de una construcción biomédica de salud mental que estigmatiza, medicaliza, segrega y dificulta el acceso a servicios.


Objective. To identify the perception and needs in mental health of Central American migrants in transit through Tapachula, Chiapas. Materials and methods. Qualitative study in a migrant shelter in Tapachula, Chiapas. In 20 semi-structured interviews with migrant men and women, we explored their perceptions on mental health and expectations on care. We used basic notions of phenomenology to guide the analysis. Results. Migrants had several mental health problems related to the conditions at their country of origin and due to their initial transit through Mexico.Their perception on mental health problems was heavily influenced by the biomedical health paradigm. The expectations they had on the provision of services were related to the satisfaction of basic needs. Conclusions. It is necessary to strengthen the governmental response to mental health needs through collaborative strategies. Also, actions are needed to further the understanding of mental health in order to transcend the biomedical notions that stigmatize, segregate and create a barrier to accessing services.


Assuntos
Humanos , Genética Reversa/métodos , Rhinovirus/genética , Rhinovirus/patogenicidade , Clonagem Molecular , DNA Complementar/síntese química , Células HeLa/virologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , RNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Rhinovirus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Transfecção
3.
Salud ment ; 35(2): 123-128, March-Apr. 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-653876

RESUMO

From within the framework of social representations theory, this research sought to explore magical-religious thoughts on sickness among users of traditional medicine. Introduction Ever since the dawn of time, magic and religion have been human resources for facing issues of health and sickness. In traditional Meso-America, sickness was believed to have four different causes: the breaking of natural laws, the will of the gods, the dates on the calendar, and the actions of human beings. These traditional beliefs blended in with Spanish Christian heritage and with the magical-religious beliefs of the slaves, giving place to the traditional medicine practiced currently in Mexico. Representations of health and sickness determine the choices people make between different healing options, thence our interest in understanding the social representations of these categories among users of traditional medicine and folk healing. Method Ten traditional medicine users from the State of Mexico were interviewed in depth regarding five thought categories: health/sickness, traditional medicine and folk healers, detection and treatment, reasons for choosing traditional medicine, and contrast between traditional and modern medicine. The interviews were analyzed qualitatively using Ethnograph 4.0. Results According to these ten informants, health and sickness have to do with intra and interpersonal wellbeing and discomfort. The magical-religious thoughts of the interviewees are witnessed by the classification they make of ailments, which can be physical, psychological or due to curses and witchcraft -this latter undetectable by doctors. Other beliefs are that many people can cause their own ailments, that folk healers can practice white magic (for doing good) or black magic (for doing evil), and that they have a "gift" for healing and prediction, through dreams or otherwise. Discussion The ways of understanding health and disease are not universal, they depend on social representation or the meaning that patients attribute to them. Traditional medicine is based on magical-religious thinking that explains the disease and contrasts with the official medicine interpretation.


La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo conocer, desde la teoría de las Representaciones Sociales, el pensamiento mágico-religioso que tiene sobre el malestar un grupo de usuarios de la medicina tradicional. Introducción La magia y la religión han sido herramientas que el hombre ha utilizado para enfrentar los problemas de salud-enfermedad que se le han presentado a lo largo de su existencia. La cosmovisión mesoame-ricana también estaba sustentada en un pensamiento mágico-religioso que daba sentido al malestar. La conquista produjo un mestizaje cultural en el que este tipo de pensamiento siguió vigente y que en la actualidad se manifiesta en la práctica de la medicina tradicional; de ahí la inquietud de indagar cómo se representan socialmente el malestar los sujetos que hacen uso de esta opción. Método Estudio cualitativo de tipo exploratorio-descriptivo. Se utilizó la entrevista a profundidad para explorar cinco categorías: salud-enfermedad, medicina tradicional y curanderos, detección y tratamiento, argumentos para la elección de la medicina tradicional, contraste entre medicina tradicional y oficial. Materiales e instrumentos: Audiograbadora, diario de campo. Población: Diez usuarios de la medicina tradicional del Estado de México. Análisis de datos: análisis de contenido mediante Ethno-graph 0.4. Consideraciones éticas: Participación voluntaria, confidencialidad y anonimato de los participantes. Resultados De acuerdo con los informantes, la salud-enfermedad tiene que ver con un sentimiento de bienestar-malestar intrapersonal e interpersonal. El pensamiento mágico-religioso se evidencia en la clasificación que hacen de las enfermedades, las cuales pueden ser físicas, psicológicas o de otro tipo: daños o brujerías que no pueden ser detectadas ni curadas por los médicos. Muchas veces una persona es la causante del problema. Los curanderos pueden dedicarse a la magia blanca (hacer el bien) o a la negra (perjudicar); poseen un "don" para curar, pueden ver en sus sueños y adivinar. Discusión Las formas de entender la salud-enfermedad conllevan la elección de aquellas opciones más compatibles con el tipo de pensamiento, ya sea empírico o mágico-religioso, que subyace a la interpretación del malestar, en concordancia con el grupo social al que el sujeto pertenece.

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