[Clinical, bactericidal and pharmacological evaluation of the effects of netromycin]. / Klinicheskaia, bakteritsidnaia i farmakologicheskaia otsenka deistviia netromitsina.

AIM: To analyze clinical, bactericidal effectiveness and pharmacokinetics of wide-spectrum antibiotic netromycin (NM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The trial entered 29 patients: 21 with bronchopulmonary diseases (pneumonia and chronic bronchitis), 5 with exacerbation of chronic pyelonephritis, 2 with infectious endocarditis and 1 with peritonsillar abscess. RESULTS: Microbiologically, most of the agents (80.36%) showed sensitivity to NM. Pharmacologically, NM persisted long in blood serum and sputum irrespective of the administration mode. Positive clinical dynamics after NM treatment was achieved in all the patients but one who had a peritonsillar abscess. CONCLUSION: NM is highly active against both gram-positive and gram-negative flora. Side effects are minimal.

[Multifactorial analysis of combined use of an antibiotic and peptidoglycan of microbial origin in experimental plague]. / Mnogofaktornyi analiz kombinirovannogo primeneniia antibiotika i peptidoglikana mikrobnogo proiskhozhdeniia pri éksperimental'noi chumnoi infektsii.

The combined effect of doxycycline and microbial peptidoglycan was studied with multifactorial analysis. The drugs were used preventively and therapeutically. The preventive use of doxycycline in the subtherapeutic doses in combination with the immunomodulator resulted in a significant increase in the survival rate rather than the average life-span (ALS) of the experimental animals. The therapeutic use of the drugs was more efficient than the preventive one and resulted in higher survival and ALS. By the results of the experiments polynomial statistic models of the second order were developed and the equal level curves characterizing the survival rate and ALS were plotted. The dose-time regimens of the combined use of doxycycline an peptidoglycan were optimized.

[Multifactor study of combined effects of an antibiotic and polysaccharide in experimental infection]. / Izuchenie v mnogofaktornom éksperimente sochetannogo deistviia antibiotika i polisakharida pri éksperimental'noinfektsii.

Multifactorial analysis was applied to the study of the combined effect of doxycycline and a polysaccharide of microbial origin in experimental plague infection. A marked synergistic action of the antibiotic and polysaccharide used in subtherapeutic doses in treatment of the infection was observed. By the results of the experiments polynomial statistic models of the 2nd order were designed and nomographs or equal level lines were plotted. The models and nomographs described the animal survival rate and lifespan within a wide range of the control parameters. The dose/time regimens for the use of the polysaccharide combination with doxycycline were optimized on the basis of the multifactorial analysis.

[A multifactorial analysis of the combined action of an antibiotic and a low-molecular immunomodulator of microbial origin in experimental plague infection]. / Mnogofaktornyi analiz sochetannogo deistviia antibiotika i nizkomolekuliarnogo immunomoduliatora mikrobnogo proiskhozhdeniia pri éksperimental'noi chumnoi infektsii.

The combined effect of doxycycline and a low molecular weight immunomodulator of microbial origin was studied in experimental plague infection with mathematical design of the experiment. Synergism of the action of the antibiotic and immunomodulator used in subtherapeutic doses was observed. The action was the most pronounced when the drugs were applied therapeutically. On the basis of the multifactorial analysis the regimens for the use of the antibiotic and immunomodulator were optimized.

[Multifactorial experiment on the combined action of doxycycline and a low molecular weight immunomodulator of microbial origin in experimental anthrax infection]. / Izuchenie v mnogofaktornom éksperimente sochetannogo deistviia doksitsiklina i nizkomolekuliarnogo immunomoduliatora mikrobnogo proiskhozhdeniia pri éksperimental'noi sibireiazvennoi infektsii.

Chemotherapeutic efficacy of combined therapy of experimental anthrax infection with subtherapeutic doses of doxycycline and a low molecular weight immunomodulator of microbial origin was studied with mathematical design of the experiment and multifactorial analysis. A marked synergistic effect of oral doxycycline and the immunomodulator was observed. The results of the multifactorial experiment were computer processed and polynomial statistic models (the second order equations) describing the survival rate and mean lifespan (MLS) were derived. The equal level lines characterizing the survival rate and MLS were plotted against the fixed values of the time factor of administering the immunomodulator and the dose of the antibiotic. The doses of the immunomodulator and the time of its administration were optimized with respect to the maximum therapeutic effect with doxycycline subtherapeutic doses.

[Chemotherapeutic effectiveness of doxycycline in experimental Q fever]. / Khimioterapevticheskaia éffektivnost' doksitsiklina pri éksperimental'noi Ku-rikketsioznoi infektsii.

Comparative chemotherapeutic efficacy of doxycycline administered orally or parenterally was studied on a model of experimental Q fever in guinea pigs and albino mice. The advantage of the parenteral use of the antibiotic was observed only in the treatment of the albino mice. Optimization of the doses and time of doxycycline use providing the maximum therapeutic effect and the required levels of the complement binding antibodies was achieved with employing the multifactorial analysis.

[Composition and immunological activity of membrane-bound surface glycoprotein from Crithidia oncopelti]. / Sostav i immunologicheskaia aktivnos't membranosviazannogo poverkhnostnogo glikoproteina Crithidia oncopelti.

A membrane-bound glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 10000-12000 was isolated from Crithidia oncopelti and purified. The glycoprotein contained peptide, carbohydrate and lipid fragments and phosphorus. The peptide fragment was represented by 10 amino acids. The carbohydrate fragment was represented by 7 monosaccharides. The lipid part was mainly represented by stearic acid. The glycoprotein showed immunostimulating properties. It had a comitogenic effect on murine spleen cells in vitro and induced tumoricidal activity in murine peritoneal macrophages in vitro and in vivo.

[Multifactor analysis of parameters of immunity under the combined action of doxycycline and a low molecular weight immunomodulator of microbial origin]. / Mnogofaktornyi analiz pokazatelei immuniteta pri kombinirovannom deistvii doksitsiklina i nizkomolekuliarnogo immunomoduliatora mikrobnogo proiskhozhdeniia.

The effect of doxycycline combination with a low molecular immunomodulator of microbial origin on the primary immune response to the vaccine EV antigens was studied in multifactor experiments. Mathematical processing of the data provided construction of polynomial statistic models of the second order describing increased delayed type hypersensitivity (IDTH) and the antibody titer. Analysis of the quasimonofactor models revealed different character of regulation of the cellular and humoral response. Nomograms were plotted for precise quantitative estimation of the dose-time parameters of the regimens for combined use of the antibiotic and immunomodulator providing the required levels of IDTH and the antibody titer.

[Methods of evaluating the efficacy of combinations of aminoglycosides with penicillins and their value for the possibility of predicting the therapeutic effect in patients]. / Metody otsenki éffektivnosti kombinatsii aminoglikozidov s penitsillinami i ikh znachenie dlia vozmozhnosti prognozirovaniia lechebnogo éffekta u bol'nogo.

The efficacy of the combinations of aminoglycosides and penicillin with respect to Pseudomonas, Klebsiella and Escherichia strains was estimated with the methods of two-fold serial dilutions of aminoglycosides and constant concentrations of penicillin and the "chess board" method. Correlation between the synergistic effect and sensitivity of the strains to separate components of the combinations was observed. For prediction of the combination efficacy these methods are not useful, since they are labour-intensive and their results are very variable. In this connection a simple informative test is recommended. With the use of this test it is possible to judge the chemotherapeutic efficacy of antibiotics and their combinations by the value of the serum antibacterial activity (titer) against the infection causative agent. The blood serum titer of at least 1:8 is accompanied by a pronounced effect. The test also indirectly provides information on the sensitivity of isolated pathogens and adequacy of the drug blood levels after administration of the chosen dose.

[Experimental chemotherapeutic activity of sisomycin sulfate]. / Khimioterapevticheskaia aktivnost' sizomitsina sul'fata v éksperimente.

The chemotherapeutic activity of sisomicin was studied in comparison to that of gentamicin with respect to the experimental infection caused by grampositive and gram-negative organisms in albino mice. It was shown that sisomicin was 2-3 times more effective than gentamicin. The higher chemotherapeutic activity of sisomicin was confirmed by the data on the pathogen isolation from the animals.

[Fucidin, its basic properties and place in the modern therapy of suppurative and inflammatory processes]. / Fuzidin--osnovnye svoistva i mesto v sovremennoi terapii gnoino-vospalitel'nykh protsessov

Sodium fusidin prepared at the All-Union Research Institute of Antibiotics was studied experimentally and clinically. High antibacterial activity of fusidin especially against methicillin-resistant staphylococci was found. The clinical trials showed high efficacy of fusidin in treatment of perichondritis, osteomyelitis, pyodermia, pseudofurunculosis, multiple abscesses of the skin because of its satisfactory penetration into the skin and cartilage tissues, skin and subcutaneous cellular tissue. The tolerance of the drug by most of the patients was satisfactory.

[Chemotherapeutic effectiveness of rifampicin in experimental infections]. / Khimioterapevticheskaia éffektivnost' rifampitsina pri éksperimental'nykh infektsiiakh

Studies on the chemotherapeutic action of rifampicin in treatment of staphylococcal sepsis and sepsis caused by gramnegative organisms showed its high efficacy only in treatment of the staphylococcal infection. By the level of its efficacy rifampicin was much superior to benzylpenicillin and especially tetracycline. No difference in the activity level of the antibiotic in treatment of staphylococcal infections caused by sensitive and multiple resistant staphylococcal strains was found. In treatment of the infections caused by gramnegative organisms the drug activity was moderate.

[Experimental study of the chemotherapeutic activity of gentamicin sulfate]. / Eksperimental'noe izuchenie khimioterapevticheskoi aktivnosti gentamitsina sul'fata

Antibacterial activity of gentamycin sulfate was studied in vitro and in treatment of albino mice with experimental infections. Gentamycin was superior to kanamycin with respect to its antibacterial effect against clinical strains of Staphylococcus, Coli bacteria, Proteus and Ps. aeruginosa. High efficiency of gentamycin was found with respect to acute and chronic staphylococcal infection, acute Proteus and Coli sepsis. The antibiotic was characterized by low LD50, high chemotherapeutic index, rapid decrease in isolation of the causative agent from the animal organs. The activity of gentamycin against infections caused by Ps. aeruginosa was the main advantage of gentamycin in comparison to kanamycin.

[Dicloxacillin: its chemotherapeutic action and experimental kinetic characteristics]. / Dikloksatsillin: khimioterapevticheskoe deistvie i osobennosti kineti v éksperimente

Activity against 50 clinical staphylococcal strains, chemotherapeutic efficiency, absorption and distribution of dicloxacillin in animals were studied in comparison with oxacillin. It was found that dicloxacillin was superior to oxacillin with respect to a number of their properties. The antibiotic was characterized by a higher antistaphylococcal activity, especially with respect to methicillin resistant strains. It was more effective in treatment of staphylococcal pneumonia and septicopiemia of albino mice. The drug was better absorpted when used orally and was detected in the blood in therapeutic concentrations for long periods of time. The antibacterial titer of the blood serum after dicloxacillin administration was 4 times higher than that of oxacillin.