Enzyme cocktail containing NADH regeneration system for efficient bioremediation of oil sludge contamination.

Oil sludge is one kind of toxic and persistent contamination to ecology system from petroleum industry. In order to recycle contaminated sands and reduce environmental impacts at a lower operating cost, enzyme cocktail 21/CbFDH including NADH regeneration system for oily sludge bioremediation was constructed for the first time. The intracellular enzymes of oil-degrading strain Acinetobacter calcoaceticus 21 were prepared and the formate dehydrogenase gene Cbfdh from Candida boidinii was cloned and functionally expressed in E.coli BL21 induced by lactose. The activity and stability of CbFDH was enhanced through self-induction medium optimization using Box-Behnken design. The CbFDH activity was 12.2 times increased and was only decreased 3.9% upon storage at 30 °C for 5 d. The CbFDH increased the degradation rate of oil in high concentration. For the sludge with 10% oil (w/w), the degradation rate achieved 35.6% after 12 h using enzyme 21/CbFDH with the protein ratio of 1:4. The results will provide novel perspectives for creation and operation of petroleum-degrading enzymes involving formate dehydrogenase with higher efficiency and lower cost comparing to current microbial strains or consortium.

Migration, speciation and distribution of heavy metals in an oil-polluted soil affected by crude oil extraction processes.

Heavy metals are among the major pollutants in the worldwide soil environment. In oilfields, the crude oil extraction process results in the simultaneous contamination of the soil with petroleum and heavy metals. In this work, we investigated the influence of oil extraction on the migration, speciation, and temporal distribution of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, V, and Mn) in soils of an oil region of Shengli Oilfield, China. The results showed that oil-polluted soils were contaminated with Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni, with mean concentrations of 27.63, 67.12, 0.185 and 33.80 mg kg(-1), respectively (greater than the background values of local surface soils). Compared with the control profile, the vertical distributions of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, and V were affected in oil-polluted soils, particularly those of Cd and Ni. The concentrations of Zn, Cd, Ni, V, and Mn in oil-polluted soils increased with the duration of oil well development, which indicated the levels of these metals in the oil field were enhanced by human activities. Fractionation analysis revealed that the mobility potential of heavy metals in oil polluted soil decreased in the sequence Cd > Mn > Zn > Ni > Pb > Cu > Cr > V. The most important proportion of Cd is ion exchangeable and acid soluble, which indicates that Cd is the most labile, available, and harmful heavy metal among the elements that damage the soil environment in oil-polluted soil.

[Studies on chemical constituents in leaves of Mallotus furetianus I].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chemical compounds in leaves of Mallotus furetianus. METHOD: The chemical components were isolated by solvent extraction and chromatography. The structures were identified on the basis of physico-chemical constant and spectral data. RESULT: Eight compounds were isolated and identified as 3-Hydroxy-4, 5 (R)-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone (I), gallic acid (II), (6S, 9R)-roseoside (III), (Z)-3-Hexenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (IV), 3, 4, 8, 9, 10-Pentahydroxy-dibenzo [b, d] pyran-6-one (V), friedelinol (VI), beta- sitosterol (VII), friedelin (VIII). CONCLUSION: Compounds I - VIII were obtained for the first time from this plant.

Two new galloylglucosides from the leaves of Mallotus furetianus.

Two new galloylglucosides, mallophenols A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the leaves of Mallotus furetianus (Euphorbiaceae), together with seven known compounds, (6S,9R)-roseoside (3), aviculin (4), (+)-lyoniresinol-3alpha-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (5), (Z)-3-hexenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (6), 3,3,8,9,10-pentahydroxydibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-one (7), 3-hydroxy-4,5(R)-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone (8) and gallic acid (9). The stereostructures of 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical evidence.

New lignan glucosides from the stems of Tinospora sinensis.

Two new lignan glucosides, tinosposides A and B (1 and 2), were isolated from the stems of Tinospora sinensis collected in Hainan Island, China. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical evidence.