RESUMO
Three new biflavonoids (1-3) and two known flavonoids (4, 5) were isolated from Xylia kerrii collected in Thailand. Compounds 1-5 showed selective cytotoxicity against the rheumatoid fibroblast-like synovial MH7A cell line, and these compounds showed weak cytotoxicity against the human lung synovial fibroblast WI-38 VA13 sub 2 RA cell line. Notably, compound 1 was highly selective toward MH7A cells with an IC50 value of 6.9 µM, whereas the IC50 value for WI-38 VA13 sub 2 RA cells was > 100 µM. The western blotting analysis of MH7A cells treated with compound 1 showed increased CDKN2A /p16INK4A and caspase-8 levels.
Assuntos
Artrite Reumatoide , Biflavonoides , Fibroblastos , Extratos Vegetais , Folhas de Planta , Humanos , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Linhagem Celular , Biflavonoides/farmacologia , Biflavonoides/química , Biflavonoides/isolamento & purificação , Tailândia , Membrana Sinovial/efeitos dos fármacos , Estrutura MolecularRESUMO
A novel C20 natural product, acacienone (1), was isolated from the leaves of Acacia mangium collected in Bangladesh. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated by spectral studies and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Acacienone (1) possesses a terpenoid-related tetracyclic framework containing 20 carbons with biogenetically unusual structural features: (i) vicinal C1-branches at the C-3 and C-4 positions in the A ring, and (ii) a cyclopentenone D ring in an androsterone-like assembly, lacking a methyl group at the C-13 position.
Assuntos
Acacia/química , Produtos Biológicos/uso terapêutico , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Produtos Biológicos/farmacologia , Modelos MolecularesRESUMO
The increasing prevalence of obesity and its effects on our society warrant intensifying basic animal research for understanding why habitual intake of highly palatable foods has increased due to recent global environmental changes. Here, we report that pregnant mice that consume a diet high in omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and low in omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs (an n-6high/n-3low diet), whose n-6/n-3 ratio is approximately 120, induces hedonic consumption in the offspring by upregulating the midbrain dopaminergic system. We found that exposure to the n-6high/n-3low diet specifically increases the consumption of palatable foods via increased mesolimbic dopamine release. In addition, neurodevelopmental analyses revealed that this induced hedonic consumption is programmed during embryogenesis, as dopaminergic neurogenesis is increased during in utero access to the n-6high/n-3low diet. Our findings reveal that maternal consumption of PUFAs can have long-lasting effects on the offspring's pattern for consuming highly palatable foods.
Assuntos
Dieta , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-6/administração & dosagem , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/etiologia , Exposição Materna/efeitos adversos , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Animais , Biomarcadores , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Dopamina/biossíntese , Neurônios Dopaminérgicos/metabolismo , Feminino , Imunofluorescência , Hiperfagia , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Obesidade/etiologia , Obesidade/metabolismo , GravidezAssuntos
Amnésia Anterógrada/fisiopatologia , Amnésia Global Transitória/fisiopatologia , Dominância Cerebral/fisiologia , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Software , Tálamo/irrigação sanguínea , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único , Amnésia Anterógrada/diagnóstico , Amnésia Anterógrada/diagnóstico por imagem , Amnésia Anterógrada/psicologia , Amnésia Global Transitória/diagnóstico , Amnésia Global Transitória/diagnóstico por imagem , Amnésia Global Transitória/psicologia , Velocidade do Fluxo Sanguíneo/fisiologia , Cisteína/análogos & derivados , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Compostos de Organotecnécio , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional/fisiologia , Tálamo/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
PURPOSE: The clinical symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) show great diversity depending on the clinical stage. We investigated the correlation of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes and the clinical severity of AD patients. METHODS: Thirty-nine AD patients and 16 normal subjects participated in this study. AD patients were divided into three subgroups by clinical severity. Quantitative brain perfusion SPECT analyses were performed using a rCBF quantification software, 3DSRT. RESULTS: In mild AD, significant decreases of rCBF were detected in the bilateral parietal, angular gyrus, pericallosal, thalamus, right temporal and left hippocampal regions. Moderate AD patients showed significantly lower blood flow than those with mild AD only to the right hippocampus. Analysis of the severe AD group revealed a nearly diffuse decrease of rCBF throughout the cerebral cortex except for part of the frontal lobe compared with moderate patients. CONCLUSIONS: These results were consistent with previous findings demonstrated by qualitative analysis of CBF. The decreased thalamic blood flow was noteworthy as this finding has rarely been reported. In consideration of the structure and function of the Papez circuit, which connects the medial temporal lobe and thalamus, a remote metabolic effect might be the cause of lower rCBF in the thalamus.