RESUMO
BACKGROUND: An increasing number of reports have documented the emergence of daptomycin-nonsusceptible Enterococcus in patients during daptomycin therapy. Even though several mechanisms for daptomycin-nonsusceptibility have been suggested, the potential genetic mutations which might contribute to the daptomycin-nonsusceptibility are not fully understood. CASE PRESENTATION: We isolated a vancomycin-susceptible, daptomycin nonsusceptible Enterococcus faecium strain from a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia who received high-dose daptomycin therapy for E. faecium endocarditis. Whole-genome sequencing analysis revealed mutations within genes encoding DNA repair proteins MutL and RecJ of the daptomycin-nonsusceptible Enterococcus strain which might have facilitated its emergence. CONCLUSIONS: We identified the mutations of DNA mismatch repair genes in a clinical isolate of daptomycin nonsusceptible E. faecium which emerged in spite of high-dose daptomycin therapy. The finding implicates the possible association of DNA repair mechanism and daptomycin resistance. Careful monitoring is necessary to avoid the emergence of daptomycin non-susceptible isolates of E. faecium and particularly in cases of long-term daptomycin use or in immunocompromised patients.
Assuntos
Reparo do DNA/genética , Daptomicina/administração & dosagem , Daptomicina/farmacologia , Enterococcus faecium/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterococcus faecium/genética , Mutação/genética , Adulto , Reparo do DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/efeitos dos fármacos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
We describe two Japanese travelers with leptospirosis who visited Palau. Both travelers swam in Ngardmau Falls, which was flooded for two days after typhoon Phanfone. The diagnoses were confirmed by microscopic agglutination test or polymerase chain reaction. This is the first report of leptospirosis in travelers who returned from Palau. It should be noted that choosing the appropriate test to biologically confirm leptospirosis was highly time-dependent. Awareness of the risk factors for leptospirosis, mainly that of the exposure to contaminated fresh water after a flooding, would lead to an early and appropriate treatment before the confirmed diagnosis.