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1.
Eur J Clin Nutr ; 71(1): 39-44, 2017 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27650873

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Blood polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are involved in allergy development, but the etiological role of n-6 and n-3 PUFA is still controversial. A European multicenter study of children (IDEFICS) provided the opportunity to explore the cross-sectional association between fatty acids (FA) and allergy. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Blood FA levels were measured in 2600 children aged 2-9 years and were recorded as the percentage of weight of all FA detected. Logistic regression of allergy status on FA components was adjusted for age, sex, country, body mass index, family history of allergic disease, breast-feeding, and number of siblings. The results were given as odds ratios (OR) for current vs no allergy ever and an increase in FA by 1 s.d. RESULTS: Overall, higher proportions of n-6 PUFA were associated with higher odds of allergy (OR=1.21 (1.05, 1.40)). Monounsaturated FA (MUFA) were associated with reduced risk for allergy (OR=0.75 (0.65, 0.87)), whereas saturated FA did not differ by allergy status. The strongest associations were observed in children <4 years old, with ORs of allergy given as 1.62 (1.15, 2.29) for n-3 PUFA and 0.63 (0.42, 0.95) for MUFA. With regard to individual FA, these associations were independently observed for docosapentaenoic acid (22:5 n-3) and oleic acid (18:1 n-9). CONCLUSIONS: Both PUFA subtypes were positively associated with allergy in an age-dependent manner, whereas MUFA was associated with less allergy. The observation of high proportions of n-3 PUFA in allergic children younger than 4 years might help to understand the nature of early onset of atopic disease.


Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/sangue , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/sangue , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-6/sangue , Hipersensibilidade/sangue , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Europa (Continente) , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/efeitos adversos , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-6/efeitos adversos , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade/etiologia , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Razão de Chances , Ácido Oleico/sangue
2.
Eur J Clin Nutr ; 70(7): 819-23, 2016 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26757836

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Fatty acids are hypothesized to influence cardiovascular disease risk because of their effect on inflammation. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between whole-blood fatty acids (WBFAs) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in European children. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 1401 subjects (697 boys and 704 girls) aged between 2 and 9 years from the IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of Dietary- and lifestyle-induced health EFfects in Children and infantS) study were measured in this cross-sectional analysis. The sample was divided into three categories of hs-CRP. Associations between WBFA and hs-CRP were assessed by logistic regression models adjusting for body mass index (BMI), country, age, breastfeeding, mother's education and hours of physical activity. RESULTS: Linoleic acid (LA) (P=0.013, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.822-0.977) and sum of n-6 WBFA (P=0.029, 95% CI: 0.866-0.992) concentrations were associated with lower concentrations of hs-CRP in boys. In girls, a high ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/arachidonic acid (AA) was associated (P=0.018, 95% CI: 0.892-0.989) with lower hs-CRP concentrations. In contrast, sum of blood n-6 highly unsaturated fatty acids (P=0.012, 95% CI: 1.031-1.284), AA (P=0.007, 95% CI: 1.053-1.395) and AA/LA ratio (P=0.005, 95% CI: 1.102-1.703) were associated (P<0.05) with higher concentrations of hs-CRP in girls. CONCLUSIONS: The n-6 WBFAs (sum of n-6 FA and LA) were associated with lower hs-CRP in boys and with higher hs-CRP in girls (AA, sum of n-6 highly unsaturated and AA/LA ratio). More studies are needed to identify the optimal levels of WBFAs to avoid low-grade inflammation in children considering the differences by sex and BMI.


Assuntos
Ácido Araquidônico/sangue , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Gorduras na Dieta/sangue , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/sangue , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-6/sangue , Inflamação/etiologia , Ácido Linoleico/sangue , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Dieta , Europa (Continente) , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Inflamação/sangue , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Estado Nutricional , Fatores Sexuais
3.
J Endocrinol Invest ; 37(7): 609-17, 2014 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24696159

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency is common in the general population and may impair skeletal muscle function. Very few data are available regarding this condition in professional athletes. AIM: To evaluate some skeletal parameters and in particular serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status in professional rugby players during two different sunlight exposure times (October and early April) and to assess its impact on bone metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one male healthy professional rugby players living in northern Italy at latitude of 44°55'N (age 24.6 ± 4.3 years; height 182.0 ± 0.05 cm; mass 96.3 ± 14.6 kg; BMI 28.9 ± 3.7 kg/m(2)) participated in this observational study. During 2012/2013 Italian rugby season, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, PTH and other related biochemical parameters were monitored. Dietary calcium intake and body composition by DXA were also evaluated. RESULTS: Significant changes were observed between October and April data for 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (22.8 ± 5.8 vs. 19.1 ± 5.3 ng/ml; p = 0.001) whereas serum PTH, calcium and phosphorus plasma levels did not change. They presented with an appropriate daily intake of calcium (1,304.8 ± 477.9 mg; max 1,939 mg; min 228 mg). CONCLUSIONS: Professional rugby athletes practicing a sport characterized by intense outdoor training and with good calcium intake are at higher risk of hypovitaminosis D that worsens significantly during times of low cutaneous vitamin D production. Further studies are warranted to evaluate whether an appropriate supplementation with cholecalciferol in professional athletes is needed.


Assuntos
Futebol Americano , Deficiência de Vitamina D/diagnóstico , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Composição Corporal , Cálcio da Dieta , Humanos , Itália , Masculino , Estações do Ano , Vitamina D/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina D/sangue , População Branca , Adulto Jovem
4.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23266209

RESUMO

Low plasma concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are reported in unsupplemented cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Forty-one CF patients aged from 6 to 12 years were randomized to receive high-dose DHA (100 mg/kg/day in the first month and 1g per day thereafter through a 12-month supplementation) or placebo (germ oil). Primary outcome was percentage change in plasma AA:DHA ratio. Secondary outcomes were changes in the number of pulmonary exacerbations compared to previous year, lung function, BMI, skinfold thicknesses, and body composition assessed by DXA and in serum concentrations of C-reactive protein, cytokines and vitamin (α-tocopherol and retinol). Compared to the control group plasma AA:DHA ratio decreased in the intervention group after 6 months (median percentage changes: -73% in the intervention group vs. -10% in the control group, P=0.001). No differences were detected between groups for secondary outcomes. Despite a decrease of the AA/DHA ratio, DHA supplementation for one year did not induce any significant biochemical and clinical improvement in CF patients.


Assuntos
Fibrose Cística/tratamento farmacológico , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/uso terapêutico , Administração Oral , Composição Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Densidade Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Criança , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Interleucina-8/sangue , Masculino , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue , Vitamina A/sangue , alfa-Tocoferol/sangue
5.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis ; 23(11): 1066-70, 2013 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23220074

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in children. We tested whether dietary supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) can decrease liver fat content in children with NAFLD. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a randomized controlled trial of DHA supplementation (250 mg/day and 500 mg/day) vs. placebo in 60 children with NAFLD (20 children per group). The main outcome was the change in liver fat as detected by ultrasonography after 6, 12, 18 and 24 months of treatment. Secondary outcomes were changes in triglycerides, alanine transaminase (ALT), body mass index (BMI) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA). The odds of more severe versus less severe liver steatosis decreased to the same degree at 6 months in children treated with DHA 250 mg/day and DHA 500 mg/day vs. placebo and persisted virtually unmodified for 24 months (OR ≤ 0.02, p ≤ 0.05 for all time points). Triglycerides were lower in the DHA groups than in the placebo group at any time point and ALT was lower in these groups from month 12 onwards. HOMA was lower in the DHA 250 mg group vs. placebo at months 6 and 12. CONCLUSION: DHA supplementation improves liver steatosis in children with NAFLD. Doses of 250 mg/day and 500 mg/day of DHA appear to be equally effective in reducing liver fat content.


Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/uso terapêutico , Regulação para Baixo , Fígado Gorduroso/dietoterapia , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Fígado/metabolismo , Adolescente , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/sangue , Fígado Gorduroso/diagnóstico por imagem , Fígado Gorduroso/metabolismo , Fígado Gorduroso/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Insuficiência Hepática/etiologia , Insuficiência Hepática/prevenção & controle , Hospitais Pediátricos , Humanos , Hipertrigliceridemia/etiologia , Hipertrigliceridemia/prevenção & controle , Resistência à Insulina , Itália , Fígado/diagnóstico por imagem , Fígado/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Ultrassonografia
6.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17208424

RESUMO

Limited data are available on the fatty acid (FA) composition of circulating lipids and the associations with diet, physiological and pathological conditions, due to the complexity and costs of the analytical process. The aim of our study was to evaluate the FA composition in 108 healthy subjects and to correlate the data with gender, pregnancy, dietary habits, lifestyle, and short-term controlled intake of n-3 FA, using an innovative analytical approach for the collection and processing of blood samples. Ten subjects were also supplemented with n-3 polyunsaturated FA as smoked salmon or capsules for 3 weeks. The resulting blood FA composition was affected by gender, pregnancy, diet and smoking. The data indicate that this new analytical methodology is suitable for assessing associations between circulating FA and various parameters in large population groups, and is applicable to epidemiological studies and in the assessment of the effects of controlled FA supplementation in clinical studies.


Assuntos
Dieta , Ácidos Graxos/sangue , Estilo de Vida , Adulto , Idoso , Análise Química do Sangue/métodos , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/farmacologia , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gravidez , Fatores Sexuais , Fumar
7.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16837180

RESUMO

Fats in the diet of countries in the Mediterranean basin are typically represented by olive oil, but the high consumptions of vegetables and to some extent also of fish result in appreciable intakes of n-3 fatty acids. In fact, various plant foods are relatively rich in the 18 carbon n-3 fatty acid, alpha linolenic acid, ALA, while the generally moderate consumption of fish, except for certain communities living close to the sea, contributes to the intake of the long-chain n-3. Although the amounts of fats in ALA-containing plant foods are low, the relatively high concentrations of this fatty acid and the large size of the portions consumed allow to reach appreciable doses of ALA, an n-3 fatty acid that has been shown to exert favourable effects on various relevant factors in cardiovascular protection. In addition, consumption of relatively small amounts of certain typical dry fruit components of the diet such as walnuts, provides a sizable supply of ALA that is also rather efficiently converted to the ALA derivative eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Additional rather typical wild food components of the diet in certain countries, i.e. snails and frogs, are also appreciable sources of ALA. It appears thus that the consumption of typical Mediterranean foods provides relevant intakes of n-3 fatty acids, especially ALA, that appears to be efficiently absorbed and also transformed at least to the long-chain derivative EPA.


Assuntos
Dieta Mediterrânea , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/metabolismo , Ácido alfa-Linolênico/metabolismo , Humanos , Azeite de Oliva , Óleos de Plantas/metabolismo , Ácido alfa-Linolênico/sangue
8.
J Physiol Pharmacol ; 56 Suppl 1: 37-49, 2005 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15800384

RESUMO

Adherence to a Mediterranean style diet affords protection from degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular disorders and cancer. Identification of the active constituents of the Mediterranean diet is crucial to the formulation of appropriate dietary guidelines. Also, research on the pharmacological properties of the "minor components" of this diet, eg vitamins and polyphenols, is very active and might lead to the formulation of functional foods and nutraceuticals. Even though in vitro data are plentiful, human studies are difficult to perform due to ethical and practical reasons. Yet, intervention trials represent the best approach to validate claims of healthful activities. This article reviews human evidence of the biological properties of olive oil and tomato constituents and illustrates a research approach by which the bioactive elements of a wild plant (Cynara cardunculus) are first studied in vitro to build biochemical evidence, then in vivo to obtain proof of their vasomodularoty activity.


Assuntos
Dieta Mediterrânea , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Carotenoides/sangue , Endotélio Vascular/fisiologia , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Licopeno , Solanum lycopersicum , Azeite de Oliva , Óleos de Plantas
9.
Eur J Cancer Prev ; 13(4): 337-43, 2004 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15554562

RESUMO

The incidence of certain cancers in the Mediterranean area is lower than in other areas of the world (e.g. in northern Europe and the USA). As nutrition and dietary factors comprise one of the three major factors for human carcinogenesis, the hypothesis was formulated that the dietary profile of the Mediterranean diet, rich in antioxidants, might exert preventive actions. Alas, the vast majority of experiments to prove this hypothesis have been obtained in vitro, and most of the necessary information on the absorption, distribution and metabolism of oligonutrients is currently lacking. Yet, even though the exact role of antioxidants in the Mediterranean diet is yet to be fully established, data from observational studies are strong enough to reinforce the notion that a diet low in saturated fat and alcohol and rich in plant food and whole grain, such as the traditional Mediterranean diet, is associated with lower risk of cancer and should be actively promoted.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Dieta Mediterrânea , Neoplasias/prevenção & controle , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Itália , Solanum lycopersicum , Masculino , Azeite de Oliva , Óleos de Plantas , Prevenção Primária/métodos , Medição de Risco , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Chá , Vinho
10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15207522

RESUMO

Plasma total lipids, total cholesterol (cholesterol esters and free cholesterol) and oxysterol (mainly 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol (7 beta OH)) concentrations were significantly elevated in New Zealand rabbits fed a 2% cholesterol-containing diet with respect to controls fed the same diet without cholesterol. In addition, linoleic (18:2 n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (18:3 n-3) plasma concentrations were significantly elevated in hypercholesterolemic rabbits, while concentrations of long-chain n-6 and n-3 derivatives were reduced. Studies in monocytic cell line THP-1 revealed that 7 beta OH markedly inhibited the conversion of 18:2 to 20:4 n-6 and of 18:3 to 22:6 n-3, indicating depression of the desaturation steps; in particular the inhibition was greater for the Delta 5 desaturation step. Furthermore, experiments of Real-Time PCR showed that 5-10 microM 7 beta OH decreased the Delta 5 gene expression. In conclusion, atherogenic oxysterols interfere with the production of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids from their precursors both in hypercholesterolemic rabbits and in cultured cells.


Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/antagonistas & inibidores , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/biossíntese , Hidroxicolesteróis/farmacologia , Hipercolesterolemia/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Colesterol/administração & dosagem , Colesterol/sangue , Colesterol/metabolismo , Colesterol na Dieta , Gorduras Insaturadas na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/sangue , Humanos , Hidroxicolesteróis/sangue , Hipercolesterolemia/sangue , Hipercolesterolemia/induzido quimicamente , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , Monócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Coelhos
11.
Eur J Clin Nutr ; 57(11): 1466-72, 2003 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14576760

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between maternal smoking habits, plasma lipids and milk fatty acid (FA) content and composition. DESIGN: Breastfeeding mothers who gave birth to healthy, full-term infants were recruited. Mothers were interviewed on smoking habits, being defined smokers (S) when usually smoking at least five cigarettes per day before pregnancy. SETTING: Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy. SUBJECTS: In total, 92 mothers: 61 non-S (NS) and 31 S. INTERVENTIONS: Pooled hindmilk was collected at the first raise of milk (colostrum stage), 1, 3 and 6 months, and total lipid (TL) content and fatty acid (FA) composition were evaluated. Maternal dietary habits were assessed by a food-frequency questionnaire. Two subsamples (16 NS, 6 S) were investigated after delivery and at 3 months for serum lipids and FA status. At 6 months after delivery, the number of mothers still breastfeeding decreased to 30. Variables were compared using nonparametric tests. RESULTS: In smoking mothers serum levels of triglycerides, cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins were higher, while those of high-density lipoproteins were lower. TL content in breast milk was similar in the two groups just after delivery but higher in milk from NS at 1 month. TL content and FA absolute amounts of linoleic, arachidonic, alpha-linolenic and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid in breast milk were lower in S vs NS 1 month after delivery. Also 3 months after delivery, the breast milk of smoking mothers contained less DHA than the breast milk of nonsmoking mothers. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal cigarette smoking in early pregnancy is associated with higher plasma lipid levels and lower milk TL and DHA content in the first months of lactation.


Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/análise , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Lactação , Lipídeos/sangue , Leite Humano/química , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Aleitamento Materno , Colostro/química , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/análise , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Itália , Lipídeos/análise , Leite Humano/metabolismo , Gravidez , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Tempo
12.
Ann Oncol ; 14(9): 1365-72, 2003 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12954574

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: To determine whether the addition of leucovorin to the combination 5-fluorouracil plus levamisole prolongs disease-free survival and overall survival in patients with radically resected colon cancer (Dukes' B(2-3) and C). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients (1703) were accrued between March 1992 and February 1995 in a large-scale clinical trial within five Italian cooperative groups. After stratification for center, patients were randomized as follows: arm A, 5-fluorouracil [450 mg/m(2) intravenous (i.v.) bolus on days 1-5] and levamisole (150 mg orally for 3 days, every 14 days for 6 months) versus arm B, 6-S-leucovorin (100 mg/m(2) i.v. bolus on days 1-5) followed by 5-fluorouracil (370 mg/m(2) i.v. bolus on days 1-5), plus levamisole (as arm A), every 4 weeks for six cycles. RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 6.4 years no significant difference was seen for either disease-free survival (58% versus 60%, not significant) or 5-year overall survival (68% versus 71%, not significant), respectively. Gastrointestinal toxicity (World Health Organization grade 3/4) was more frequent in arm B (8% versus 18%, not significant). CONCLUSIONS: In this trial the schedules used showed no statistically significant differences in terms of disease-free survival or overall survival in the treatment of colorectal cancer.


Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias do Colo/tratamento farmacológico , Fluoruracila/uso terapêutico , Leucovorina/uso terapêutico , Levamisol/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Feminino , Fluoruracila/administração & dosagem , Fluoruracila/efeitos adversos , Seguimentos , Humanos , Leucovorina/administração & dosagem , Levamisol/administração & dosagem , Levamisol/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do Tratamento
13.
Biomed Pharmacother ; 56(8): 397-406, 2002 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12442912

RESUMO

Fatty acids of the omega-3 series (n-3 fatty acids) are a well established dietary component affecting plasma lipids (mainly triglycerides) and also major cardiovascular parameters, such as arrhythmogenesis. In view of their peculiar metabolic handling, it has been suggested that they may reduce glucose tolerance in patients predisposed to diabetes. On the other hand, insulin is required for the endogenous synthesis of the long chain n-3 fatty acids from precursors; the heart may thus be particularly susceptible to their depletion in diabetes. This review examines large population studies, carried out particularly by this research group, evaluating the risk of developing glucose intolerance/clearcut diabetes in large series of patients with predisposing conditions. While diabetes development was in no way accelerated in any of these studies, there was, instead, clear evidence of a significant hypotriglyceridemic activity of the supplements. In long-term treatments, there was also a tendency toward a significant reduction of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterolemia, with positive effects on high density lipoprotein (HDL). These findings fit well with cellular changes indicative of improved glucose handling. Finally, recent data suggest an improvement of heart rate variability by fish intake in coronary patients, that is also exerted by the n-3 fatty acids given as ethyl esters, thus providing further indication for the potential benefit of such treatments in diabetic patients.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus/dietoterapia , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/uso terapêutico , Animais , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/metabolismo , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Complicações do Diabetes , Diabetes Mellitus/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/efeitos adversos , Óleos de Peixe/administração & dosagem , Óleos de Peixe/metabolismo , Intolerância à Glucose/prevenção & controle , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Lipoproteínas HDL/sangue , Lipoproteínas LDL/sangue , Fatores de Tempo , Triglicerídeos/sangue
14.
Metabolism ; 50(12): 1426-8, 2001 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11735087

RESUMO

We have recently demonstrated, in humans, the bioavailability of hydroxytyrosol (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol; HT), one of the major antioxidant components of virgin olive oil. In particular, we reported that this compound is present in lipoproteins involved in atherosclerotic processes and is excreted in the urine mainly as glucuronide-conjugate. The aim of the present study was to elucidate, in humans, the metabolic fate of HT after ingestion of virgin olive oil. After administration of virgin olive oil, 24-hour urine collections of healthy volunteers were prepared for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses in order to identify and quantify HT and its metabolites homovanillic alcohol (HVA1c) and homovanillic acid (HVA). The results indicate that this compound undergoes the action of catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), enzymes involved in the catecholamine catabolism, resulting in an enhanced excretion of HVA1c. We also found a significant increase of HVA, indicating an oxidation of the ethanolic residue of HT and/or of HVA1c in humans. The excretion of both metabolites significantly correlated with the dose of administered HT.


Assuntos
Fenóis/urina , Álcool Feniletílico/análogos & derivados , Óleos de Plantas/administração & dosagem , Óleos de Plantas/química , Disponibilidade Biológica , Catecol O-Metiltransferase/metabolismo , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Ácido Homovanílico/urina , Humanos , Masculino , Azeite de Oliva , Fenóis/metabolismo , Fenóis/farmacocinética , Álcool Feniletílico/administração & dosagem , Álcool Feniletílico/metabolismo , Álcool Feniletílico/urina
16.
Free Radic Res ; 34(3): 301-5, 2001 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11264904

RESUMO

Hydroxytyrosol is the most potent phenolic antioxidant of olive oil and olive mill waste water (OMWW) and its biological activities have stimulated research on its potential role in cardiovascular protection. However, evidence of the absorption of OMWW phenolics and on their possible in vivo activity has, until now, never been provided. Three groups male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 1, 5, or 10 mg/Kg of the OMWW extract, respectively, providing 41.4, 207, and 414 microg/Kg of hydroxytyrosol, respectively. Urine was collected for 24 h and the urinary levels of hydroxytyrosol were quantified by mass spectrometry. Hydroxytyrosol was dose-dependently (R(2) = 0.95) absorbed and excreted in the urines mostly as a glucuronide conjugate. Further, the administration of an hydroxytyrosol-rich OMWW extract (10 mg/kg) to the rats was also associated with an increase of their plasma antioxidant capacity. Future experiments will eventually further clarify its metabolic fate and its in vivo actions.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacocinética , Sangue/metabolismo , Álcool Feniletílico/análogos & derivados , Álcool Feniletílico/farmacocinética , Óleos de Plantas/química , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Indústria Alimentícia , Masculino , Azeite de Oliva , Álcool Feniletílico/sangue , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos
17.
Curr Atheroscler Rep ; 3(1): 64-7, 2001 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11123850

RESUMO

Olive oil is the principal source of fat in the Mediterranean diet, which has been associated with a lower incidence of coronary heart disease and certain cancers. Olive oil is characterized by a high proportion of monounsaturated oleic acid, but the main peculiarity of extra-virgin oil is the presence of remarkable quantities of phenolic compounds, notably hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein, that provide high stability and strong taste. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that olive oil phenolics are powerful antioxidants, both in vitro and in vivo, and exert additional potent biologic activities that could partially account for the observed cardioprotective effects of the Mediterranean diet.


Assuntos
Dieta Aterogênica , Óleos de Plantas/química , Doença das Coronárias/dietoterapia , Doença das Coronárias/epidemiologia , Humanos , Azeite de Oliva
19.
Adv Exp Med Biol ; 501: 157-61, 2001.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11787678

RESUMO

We assessed the total fat content and fatty acid concentrations in colostrum and throughout a nursing period of 12 months in a group of mothers recruited after delivery of full-term infants. Pooled human milk (hindmilk) was collected from all feedings over 24 hours at the following times: 1st day of nursing (colostrum), and at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Total fat was quantified by a microgravimetric method. Fatty acids were analyzed by means of capillary gas chromatography. Comparisons were made with analysis of variance for repeated measures. Ten mothers completed the follow-up 12-month nursing period. We found that the total lipid content of hindmilk (mg/dL) rises more than 3-fold from the colostrum up to the 3rd month, and then more slowly up to the 12th month. Total saturated fatty acids progressively increase and total monounsaturated FA progressively decrease. Among long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, we found that the concentrations (mg/dL) of C20:4 and C22:6 remain stable from colostrum up to the 12th month of nursing, while their percentage levels are highest in colostrum and decrease afterwards in association with the increase in total fats. The C18:2n6 and C18:3n3 amounts progressively increase, following the trend of total fats. These data indicate that the secretion of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid during lactation remains constant, in spite of changes in total fat and in the linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid contents of milk.


Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/análise , Lactação , Leite Humano/química , Ácido Araquidônico/análise , Colostro/química , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/análise , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Feminino , Humanos , Ácido Linoleico/análise , Lipídeos/análise , Gravidez , Fatores de Tempo , Ácido alfa-Linolênico/análise
20.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun ; 278(3): 797-9, 2000 Nov 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11095986

RESUMO

This study was undertaken to evaluate, in humans, the antioxidant activity of olive oil phenolics, namely hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein aglycone that share an orthodiphenolic (catecholic) structure. Human volunteers were administered olive oil samples containing increasing amounts of an olive oil phenolic extract that was characterized by gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry. The administration of phenol-rich oils was dose-dependently associated with a decreased urinary excretion of 8-iso-PGF(2alpha), a biomarker of oxidative stress. Also, a statistically significant negative correlation between homovanillyl alcohol (HValc, hydroxytyrosol's major metabolite, formed through the COMT system) and F(2)-isoprostanes excretion was found. Thus, the administration of oil samples with increasing, albeit low, concentrations of orthodiphenolic compounds, namely hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein aglycone, results in a dose-dependent reduction in the urinary excretion of 8-iso-PGF(2alpha). The statistically significant negative correlation between 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) and HValc urinary concentrations suggests that this metabolite better reflects the in vivo activities of hydroxytyrosol.


Assuntos
Catecóis/farmacologia , Dinoprosta/urina , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Adulto , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Biomarcadores/urina , Catecóis/análise , Gorduras Insaturadas na Dieta/farmacologia , Dinoprosta/análogos & derivados , F2-Isoprostanos , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Humanos , Glucosídeos Iridoides , Iridoides , Azeite de Oliva , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos de Plantas/química , Piranos/farmacologia
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