Design and development of a novel infrared mild moxibustion device / 中国针灸

To make up for the shortcomings of traditional mild moxibustion, according to the principle and technical operation characteristics of traditional mild moxibustion, combined with temperature control technology, a novel infrared mild moxibustion device is developed, which is capable of real-time accurate temperature control. This novel infrares mild moxibustion device is composed of a host computer and an infrared radiation head. The host computer includes four modules: power supply, human-computer interaction interface, micro control unit (MCU) and drive circuit. The infrared radiation head mainly includes an infrared heater and a temperature sensor. This novel infrared mild moxibustion device is easy to operate. The electrothermal heating tablet can generate infrared radiation of 3 000-13 000 nm. After the temperature of the infrared heater is stabilized, the range of temperature change is ±0.50 ℃, realizing the goal of precise temperature control. In addition, it can operate moxibustion treatment at multiple acupoints at the same time, which is conducive to the dose-effect evaluation of mild moxibustion.

Post-stroke dysphagia treated with four-step acupuncture therapy for opening orifices and benefiting throat combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical efficacy on post-stroke dysphagia treated with four-step acupuncture therapy for opening orifices and benefiting throat combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation.@*METHODS@#Sixty patients with post-stroke dysphagia were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 30 cases in each group. The neuromuscular electrical stimulation was adopted in the control group. Besides the treatment as the control group, in the observation group, the four-step acupuncture therapy for opening orifices and benefiting throat was supplemented. Step 1: the three areas of scalp acupuncture on the affected side were stimulated. Step 2: pricking method was operated on the posterior pharyngeal wall. Step 3: bleeding technique was operated at Jinjin (EX-HN 12) and Yuye (EX-HN 13). Step 4: deep insertion of needle was operated at three-pharynx points. The needles were retained for 30 min at the three areas of scalp acupuncture and the three-pharynx points. The intervention of each group was delivered once daily, 6 times a week, at the interval of 1 day. One course of treatment was 1 week and 4 successive courses were required. The rating of Kubota water swallow test, the score of standardized swallowing assessment (SSA) and the rating of Rosenbek penetration- aspiration scale (PAS) were observed before and after treatment in patients of the two groups. The incidence of clinical complications and clinical efficacy were compared between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#Compared with those before treatment, the rating of Kubota water swallow test, the scores of SSA and the rating of PAS of patients in the two groups were decreased after treatment (P<0.01), and the values of the observation group were lower than those of the control group after treatment (P<0.05). The incidence of clinical complications in the observation group was 13.3% (4/30), lower than 36.7% (11/30) in the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate in the observation group was 93.3% (28/30), which was better than 70.0% (21/30) in the control group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The four-step acupuncture therapy for opening orifices and benefiting throat combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation can improve the swallowing function of patients with post-stroke dysphagia and reduce the incidence of clinical complications.

Thalamocortical Circuit Controls Neuropathic Pain via Up-regulation of HCN2 in the Ventral Posterolateral Thalamus / 神经科学通报·英文版

The thalamocortical (TC) circuit is closely associated with pain processing. The hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) 2 channel is predominantly expressed in the ventral posterolateral thalamus (VPL) that has been shown to mediate neuropathic pain. However, the role of VPL HCN2 in modulating TC circuit activity is largely unknown. Here, by using optogenetics, neuronal tracing, electrophysiological recordings, and virus knockdown strategies, we showed that the activation of VPL TC neurons potentiates excitatory synaptic transmission to the hindlimb region of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1HL) as well as mechanical hypersensitivity following spared nerve injury (SNI)-induced neuropathic pain in mice. Either pharmacological blockade or virus knockdown of HCN2 (shRNA-Hcn2) in the VPL was sufficient to alleviate SNI-induced hyperalgesia. Moreover, shRNA-Hcn2 decreased the excitability of TC neurons and synaptic transmission of the VPL-S1HL circuit. Together, our studies provide a novel mechanism by which HCN2 enhances the excitability of the TC circuit to facilitate neuropathic pain.

Study on the quantitative evaluation parameter system for basic acupuncture manipulations based on 3D motion tracking technology / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To establish a quantitative evaluation parameter system for basic acupuncture manipulations based on 3D motion tracking technology, and to further analyze the characteristics of acupuncture manipulation.@*METHODS@#The motion tracking system Simi Motion Ver.8.5 was used to collect parameters of acupuncture manipulations, so as to establish a quantitative evaluation system mainly in spatial control parameters, time control parameters and stability parameters. Based on the evaluation parameter system, data of acupuncture manipulations (even reinforcing-reducing manipulation using lifting-thrusting technique and twirling technique) were collected from 19 teachers majored in acupuncture-moxibustion, of which the characteristics were analyzed and were compared with the results tested by traditional ATP-Ⅱ acupuncture manipulation parameter determination apparatus (ATP-Ⅱ).@*RESULTS@#The evaluation parameter system could quantitatively analyze the basic acupuncture manipulations in 3 aspects, i.e. space, time and stability. Acupuncture manipulations were performed by shifting the needle body in a certain range along X, Y and Z axes. The amplitude and speed of thumb movement were greater than those of index finger. The time-history of lifting was similar to thrusting, while the time-history of twirling to left was similar to twirling to right in even reinforcing-reducing manipulation. The coordinate-time curve of finger movement of the evaluation system had consistent wave pattern compared with the voltage-time curve generated by ATP-Ⅱ.@*CONCLUSION@#The quantitative evaluation parameter system based on 3D motion tracking technology can objectively evaluate basic acupuncture manipulations, and show the characteristics of different manipulations and the movement details of finger joints.

Relationship Between Podocyte Autophagy and Diabetic Nephropathy and Regulation of Traditional Chinese Medicine： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Diabetic nephropathy （DN） is one of the serious microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus （DM），and is the main cause of end-stage renal disease（ESRD） worldwide. Although lowering blood glucose and，lowering blood pressure and blocking the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system（RAAS） can reduce blood glucose，blood pressure and urinary protein to a certain extent，it is still difficult to prevent the progression of DN sometimes. The curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine on DN has been confirmed，but its mechanism is has not been fully clarified. Autophagy is a highly conserved lysosomal degradation pathway in mammals that removes protein aggregates and damaged organelles to maintain cell homeostasis. Podocyte，also known as glomerular epithelial cells，is an important component in maintaining the homeostasis of glomerular filtration barrier，and podocyte injury is considered to be a central link in the occurrence and development of DN. As a highly differentiated cell，podocyte maintains a high level of autophagy to maintain its homeostasis under physiological conditions. In DN state，mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR），AMP-activated protein kinase （AMPK），silent information regulator 1（SIRT1） and other nutritional signaling pathways as well as intracellular stress response signaling pathways such as oxidative stress，endoplasmic reticulum stress ，and hypoxia stress，etc.，affect podocyte autophagy of podocytes， and ultimately leading to podocyte injury and the progression of DN. In recent years，regulation of podocyte autophagy has become one of the hot spots in DN research，and has also received extensive attention in the field of Chinese medicine. A review and summary of the domestic and international literature in this field reveals that Chinese medicine can affect podocyte autophagy in multiple pathways and targets. Nevertheless， those studiesbut mainly focuses on two nutrient-sensing signaling pathways，mTOR and AMPK，and there lacks more comprehensive and in-depth mechanism studies. In addition，the current research mainly concentrates focuses on the field of Chinese medicine monomers and Chinese medicine compounds，and rarely studies multi-component Chinese medicinelacking research on Chinese medicine component drugs and single drugs，and the research still lacks there is a lack of hierarchy. The regulatory mechanism of Chinese medicine on podocyte autophagy of podocytes in DN state in Chinese medicine still needs to be further studied in depth and systematically.

Experimental research on characteristics of temperature field distribution of mild moxibustion and sparrow-pecking moxibustion / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the temperature field distribution and variation rules during treatment with mild moxibustion and sparrow-pecking moxibustion of TCM.@*METHODS@#Six healthy subjects were selected. Mild moxibustion and sparrow-pecking moxibustion were exerted at Zusanli (ST 36) respectively, for 25 min. Using infrared thermal imaging instrument, the temperature field distribution was measured during moxibustion at Zusanli (ST 36). The simulated thermometer was adopted to measure the temperature field distribution during moxibustion at the imitated cortex. At 20 min of mild moxibustion and sparrow-pecking moxibustion, the temperature field distribution generated by moxibustion was observed at the imitated cortex and Zusanli (ST 36) separately. The temperature values were collected at the sites 0.7, 2.1 and 3.5 cm far from the center of the moxibustion-exerted places successively, and then the characteristics of temperature field distribution and variation rules were compared between different moxibustion methods at the imitated cortex and Zusanli (ST 36).@*RESULTS@#At 20 min of mild moxibustion and sparrow-pecking moxibustion at Zusanli (ST 36), the temperature field distribution focused on the center of moxibustion-exerted site and the temperature was reduced to all directions and illustrated as a curved surface graph, whereas, the temperature field distribution at the imitated cortex was consistent with that at Zusanli (ST 36). With mild moxibustion, the temperature field was distributed uniformly along the longitudinal temperature gradient; whereas, with sparrow-pecking moxibustion, the longitudinal temperature of the temperature field was greatly different, in which, the maximum temperature and the average temperature were higher than those with mild moxibustion respectively and the first time up to the peak value of sparrow-pecking moxibustion was shorter than that with mild moxibustion. The thermal transfer was presented at the non-moxibustion exerted areas during the moxibustion experiment at Zusanli (ST 36).@*CONCLUSION@#A distance feature is presented in the temperature field measured by simulated thermometer and generated under suspension moxibustion at Zusanli (ST 36). The warm stimulation effect of sparrow-pecking moxibustion is much more obvious at the moxibustion-exerted center as compared with mild moxibustion and the area of warm stimulation generated by sparrow-pecking moxibustion is more concentrated as compared with mild moxibustion. The radiation energy produced by suspension moxibustion is scattered and attenuated in skin tissue, resulting in a certain temperature gradient in the temperature field. The warm stimulation generated at skin surface by moxibustion has a warming-dredging effect.

Development of handshape / 中国针灸

A new type of handshape

Arsenic-Containing Qinghuang Powder () is an Alternative Treatment for Elderly Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients Refusing Low-Intensity Chemotherapy / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the overall survival (OS) of elderly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients treated with oral arsenic-containing Qinghuang Powder (, QHP) or low-intensity chemotherapy (LIC).@*METHODS@#Forty-two elderly AML patients treated with intravenous or subcutaneous LIC (1 month for each course, at least 3 courses) or oral QHP (3 months for each course, at least 2 courses) were retrospectively analyzed from January 2015 to December 2017. The main endpoints of analysis were OS and 1-, 2-, 3-year OS rates of patients, respectively. And the adverse reactions induding bone marrow suppression, digestive tract discomfort and myocardia injury were observed.@*RESULTS@#Out of 42 elderly AML patients, 22 received LIC treatment and 20 received QHP treatment, according to patients' preference. There was no significant difference on OS between LIC and QHP patients (13.0 months vs. 13.5 months, >0.05). There was no significant difference on OS rates between LIC and QHP groups at 1 year (59.1% vs. 70.0%), 2 years (13.6% vs. 15%), and 3 years (4.6% vs. 5.0%, all >0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant difference of OS on prognosis stratification of performance status > 2 (12 months vs. 12 months), age> 75 year-old (12.0 months vs. 12.5 months), hematopoietic stem cell transplant comorbidity index >2 (12 months vs. 13 months), poor cytogenetics (12 months vs. 8 months), and diagnosis of secondary AML (10 months vs. 14 months) between LIC and QHP patients (>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#QHP may be an alternative treatment for elderly AML patients refusing LIC therapy.

Investigating Clinical Efficacy and Mechanism of Qingfei Paidu Decoction for Treatment of COVID-19 Based on Integrative Pharmacology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:Potential targets and pathways of Qingfei Paidu decoction（QFPD）for treating coronavirus disease-2019（COVID-19） were analyzed based on the integrative pharmacology，the efficacy and material basis was predicted.This study provide a reference for the development and clinical application of QFPD. Method:Based on the integrative pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine（TCMIP V2.0），the key targets and pathways of the intervention of QFPD on COVID-19 were enriched，the interaction network of "formula-herb-disease-targets-pathways" was constructed to explored the molecular mechanism of QFPD for the treatment of COVID-19. Result:The research results show that key-targets such as cell tumor antigen p53（tp53），protein kinase B1（Akt1），Nuclear factor nuclear transcription factor-κB（NF-κB）p105 subunit（NFKB1），nuclear factor p65 subunit（RELA），human NF-κB inhibited protein α（NFKBIA），ect.Closely associated with lung damage.The pathways such as interleukin signaling，adrenoceptors，7 members of the family of c-type lectin domains A（CLEC7A）/inflammasome pathway，phosphoinositide-3-kinase（PI3K）/protein kinase B（Akt）inflammatory signaling pathway，tp53 regulates transcription of DNA repair ect. may be the key pathways related with QFPD's effect on the treatment of COVID-19 accompany with lung injury， fever， cough and other symptoms.The results show that QFPD has many clinical effects， such as anti-inflammatory， anti-virus， strengthening immunity， inhibit the development of pulmonary fibrosis， protecting heart and lungs， treating asthma， regulating gastrointestinal tract， etc.In addition， there is a good synergism between the original prescription and the combined prescription， and each original prescription has its own emphasiscan prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Conclusion:QFPD plays a role in balancing immunity and eliminating inflammation，and it can treat COVID-19 by multi-pathway，multi-channel，multi-target and multi-link.This study also provides a new idea for the research of prevention and treatment of modern infectious diseases by use the traditional Chinese medicine.

Research progress of Rehmanniae Radix in prevention and treatment of osteoporosis / 中国中药杂志

Osteoporosis fracture with high disability and mortality is a difficult problem that seriously affects the life quality of individuals. At present, there is still a lack of anti-osteoporosis drugs with clear target and significant efficacy in the clinical practice. Rehmanniae Radix and its prescriptions have significant clinical effects. In this regard, more and more studies have reported the effects and mechanisms of Rehmanniae Radix and its active components, and the certain research outputs have been achieved. In this article, the PubMed, Web of science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang database were searched to collect and organize the latest research progress of Rehmanniae Radix treatment of osteoporosis in the recent 10 years. We summarized the research dynamics as well as the function indexes and mechanisms of the raw and processed Rehmanniae Radix, active ingredients such as catalpol, aucubin, acteoside and Rehmanniae Radix polysaccharide, and their formulating prescriptions, and then excavated the potential active ingredients, targets and signaling pathways, including the effect on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, promoting the osteoblast proliferation and promoting osteogenesis differentiation(increasing alkaline phosphatase, typeⅠ collagen, osteoprotegerin, and osteocalcin and promoting calcium deposits), increasing the bone density, inhibiting the osteoclast quantity and differentiation, promoting the osteoclast apoptosis, and reducing tartrate resistant acid phosphatase and bone resorption pit area to provide the reference and develop new ideas for developing Rehmanniae Radix prescriptions for treatment of osteoporosis and exploring its mechanism.

Hyperbaric oxygen improves functional recovery of rats after spinal cord injury via activating stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXC chemokine receptor 4 axis and promoting brain-derived neurothrophic factor expression / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a worldwide medical concern. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism underlying the protective effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) against SCI-induced neurologic defects in rats via exploring the stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) axis and expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).@*METHODS@#An acute SCI rat model was established in Sprague-Dawley rats using the Allen method. Sixty rats were divided into four groups (n = 15 in each group): sham-operated, SCI, SCI treated with HBO (SCI + HBO), and SCI treated with both HBO and AMD3100 (an antagonist of CXCR4; SCI + HBO + AMD) groups. The rats were treated with HBO twice a day for 3 days and thereafter once a day after the surgery for up to 28 days. Following the surgery, neurologic assessments were performed with the Basso-Bettie-Bresnahan (BBB) scoring system on postoperative day (POD) 7, 14, 21, and 28. Spinal cord tissues were harvested to assess the expression of SDF-1, CXCR4, and BDNF at mRNA and protein levels, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and histopathologic analysis.@*RESULTS@#HBO treatment recovered SCI-induced descent of BBB scores on POD 14, (1.25 ± 0.75 vs. 1.03 ± 0.66, P < 0.05), 21 (5.27 ± 0.89 vs. 2.56 ± 1.24, P < 0.05), and 28 (11.35 ± 0.56 vs. 4.23 ± 1.20, P < 0.05) compared with the SCI group. Significant differences were found in the mRNA levels of SDF-1 (mRNA: day 21, SCI + HBO vs. SCI + HBO + AMD, 2.89 ± 1.60 vs. 1.56 ± 0.98, P < 0.05), CXCR4 (mRNA: day 7, SCI + HBO vs. SCI, 2.99 ± 1.60 vs.1.31 ± 0.98, P < 0.05; day 14, SCI + HBO vs. SCI + HBO + AMD, 4.18 ± 1.60 vs. 0.80 ± 0.34, P < 0.05; day 21, SCI + HBO vs. SCI, 2.10 ± 1.01 vs.1.15 ± 0.03, P < 0.05), and BDNF (mRNA: day 7, SCI + HBO vs. SCI, 3.04 ± 0.41 vs. 2.75 ± 0.31, P < 0.05; day 14, SCI + HBO vs. SCI, 3.88 ± 1.59 vs. 1.11 ± 0.40, P < 0.05), indicating the involvement of SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in the protective effect of HBO.@*CONCLUSIONS@#HBO might promote the recovery of neurologic function after SCI in rats via activating the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis and promoting BDNF expression.

Effect of Qinghuang Powder () Combined with Bupi Yishen Decoction () in Treating Patients with Refractory Cytopenia with Multilineage Dysplasia through Regulating DNA Methylation / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of Qinghuang Powder (QHP,()combined with Bupi Yishen Decoction (BPYS, ) on myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients with refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (RCMD) and determine the change of DNA methylation in MDS-RCMD patients after the treatment of Chinese medicine formula.@*METHODS@#All 308 MDS-RCMD patients were treated with QHP combined with BPYS for 2 months at least, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), hemoglobin (Hb), platelets (PLT), primitive bone marrow cells and chromosome karyotype were chosen as the main evaluation indexes to analyze the treatment effect according to criteria from the MDS International Working Group. Then 43 bone marrow samples from 15 MDS-RCMD patients and 28 healthy donors were obtained for the examination of DNA methylation. Gene Ontology (GO) and Pathway analysis were applied to analyze the methylation data.@*RESULTS@#The overall MDS response rate to QHP was 61.68% (190/360) including hematologic improvement-neutrophil (HI-N) or hematologic improvement-erythroid (HI-E) or hematologic improvement-platelet (HI-P). Patients with anemia had a better response rate than patients with neutropenia or thrombocypenia (55.88% vs 31.54% or 55.88% vs. 36.9%). The DNA methylation microarray analysis disclosed that 4,257 hypermethylated genes were demethylated upon the treatment with QHP and BPYS. GO analysis and Pathway analysis showed that these demethylated genes were involved in a lot of tumor-related pathways and functions.@*CONCLUSIONS@#QHP combined with BPYS could effectively treat MDS-RCMD patients through hematologic improvement (HI-N, HI-P or HI-E) and PLT and RBC transfusion independence due to the demethylation, thereby providing another choice for the treatment of patients with MDS-RCMD.

Design and implementation of a method for temperature parameter collection inside acupoint / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To realize real-time measurement and recording of temperature parameters inside acupoints during acupuncture treatment.@*METHODS@#The fine wire thermocouple was embedded in hollow needle body as acupoint detection probe. According to the structure of acupoint temperature signal processing circuit, the Agilent 34420A nanovolt/micro-eurometer was used to design the technology method of acupoint temperature data acquisition, and an acupoint temperature collection platform was established. In addition, a verification experiment was conducted to verify the feasibility and stability of the system.@*RESULTS@#The contrast experiment with mercury thermometer measurement showed that the temperature measurement curve of the designed acupoint temperature data collection platform was highly consistent with that of the standard thermometer, which verified the stability and reliability of the designed temperature measurement platform. The experiment of animal in-vivo measurement showed that the acupoint temperature probe had good feasibility for in-vivo acupoint temperature measurement.@*CONCLUSION@#Acupoint temperature probe and acupoint temperature data collection technology can measure the temperature inside acupoints, and ensured the accuracy and veracity of the results. As an experimental method of acupoints temperature parameter collection, it can quantitatively record the temperature changes during the acupuncture treatment.

Development of teaching training and assessment system for warming acupuncture / 中国针灸

A teaching training and assessment system for warming acupuncture is developed. This system is suitable for the technique operation of multi-acupoint warming acupuncture, and could evaluate the training effects of warming acupuncture at each acupoint. The hardware structure of this system is mainly composed of man-machine interface, control unit and training unit. The software program includes reset module, system clock module, needle depth signal control module, vibration control module and communication module. The teaching training and assessment system of warming acupuncture adopted touch-screen human-machine interface, which is simple to operate. The basic training unit, through multi-angle and multi-dimension adjustment of universal base, could realize the simulation training of warming acupuncture at different acupoints and angles of human body. Each training unit is relatively independent, and relevant parameters are set separately; the relevant parameters information is displayed in real time. The parameters of training unit includes needling time, vibration frequency and vibration time. In conclusion, the teaching training and assessment system for warming acupuncture could be used in the teaching and assessment of warming acupuncture. According to the criteria including operation time and effect, the students' technique ability of warming acupuncture could be evaluated objectively, which is helpful to set teaching objectives and technical operation requirements in warming acupuncture teaching.

Neuroprotective effect of surround needling combined with acupoint injection on acute herpetic neuralgia / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect and mechanism of surround needling combined with acupoint injection on acute herpetic neuralgia (AHN).@*METHODS@#Ninety-nine patients with T-T segment AHN were randomly divided into 3 groups, 33 cases in each group, including 2 cases dropped off in the surround needling group, 4 cases dropped off in the acupoint injection group, and 3 cases dropped off in the combined group. Oral valacyclovir was given in each group, 0.3 g each time, 2 times a day for 10 days. Oblique insertion of needle used at points around the herpes in the surround needling group, and continuous wave was stimulated to tolerance for 20 min; the same acupoints were selected as the surround needling group, stimulated with the mixture injection of mecobalamin and lidocaine in the acupoint injection group; After the surround needling, acupoint injection was performed in the combined group. The treatment was given once a day, 14 times for a course, and one course was needed in all groups. The skin healing conditions (blistering, crusting, and dislocation time) of each group were compared after treatment. The pain scores, pain area and quality of life scores in each group were observed before and after treatment. The levels of neuron specific enolase (NSE), substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the local blister fluid were measured before and after treatment in all groups.@*RESULTS@#The blistering, crusting and dislocation time in the combined group were earlier than the other two groups (all <0.05). The pain score and pain area in the each group were significantly lower than those before treatment, and the quality of life score was significantly higher than that before treatment (all <0.05). The improvements of pain score and quality of life score in the combined group were more obvious than the other two groups (all <0.05). After treatment, the levels of NSE, SP and CGRP in the local blister fluid in each groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (all <0.05). The indexes in the combined group were significantly lower than those in the other two groups (all <0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Both surround needling and acupoint injection have an adjuvant effect on AHN. The combination of the two is better, the skin is healed quickly, the analgesia is significant, and the contents of local NSE, SP and CGRP are significantly decreased. The mechanism of action is to exert neuroprotective effects.

Teaching exploration and practice of research experiment of experimental curriculum in / 中国针灸

In order to improve students' ability of performing investigative study, promote practical teaching, optimize teaching philosophy and methods, we integrated the subject frontier dynamics and development achievements and knowledge into teaching content, the teaching exploration and practice of research experiment of experimental curriculum in - was performed. The experimental curriculum was used as starting point. Before experimental teaching, the learning of knowledge was completed by theoretical study and key self-study points. During experimental teaching, experimental report and analysis report were completed by group collaboration. After experimental teaching, the research experiment was reported, analyzed and summarized by group discussion and presentation. With innovate, flexible and diverse teaching forms to guide the students to experience the process of "asking questions→conducting experiment→observation→recording→analysis→conclusion→verification of assumptions-discussion→reports", the ability of independent thinking and active investigation was improved; teaching level and teaching effectiveness were promoted.

Effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on ultrastructure of rats with plateau deacclimatization / 重庆医学

Objective To research the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on the ultrastructure of heart,brain and lung in rats with plateau deacclimatization.Methods Forty-mine SD rats were selected.Fortyfour SD rats were routinely fed in a hypobaric hypoxia chamber at the simulated altitude of 5 000 m for 3 months.Nine rats died in the hypobaric hypoxia chamber.After coming out from the chamber,35 survival rats were randomly divided into the high altitude control group (instantly after out of the hypobaric hypoxia chamber),HBO group Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ (7 days,1 months and 2 months after HBO treatment) and control groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ according to the body mass,5 cases in each group;the HBO groups were treated by HBO for 7 d.The control group Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were synchronously fed in normal pressure and oxygen environment after HBO treatment.The rats in all groups were synchnonously sacrificed,the other 5 SD rats as the plain control group were fed in hormal pressure oxygen environment.The frontal cortex,heart and lung tissues were taken out for observing the ultrastructure changes by optical microscopy and electron microscopy.Results Hypoxia induced mitochondria swelling and ridge breakage in cranial nerves cells,swelling of mitochondria and peripheral structures,myocardial cells cloudy swelling,vacuolar degeneration,muscle fibers irregular arrangement,inflammatory cell infiltration and vasodilatation.The alveolar septm was broadened,blood capillaries were dilated and congestive,alveolar space was filled with pink transudation,inflammatory cells were infiltrated,and alveolar wall was incrassated.After HBO treatment,the tissue ultrastructure injurys were significantly improved compared with the control group,the recovery in the HBO group Ⅱ was significantly better than that in the HBO group Ⅰ,and the HBO group Ⅲ was significantly better than the HBO group Ⅱ,which recovered to plain level after 2 months.Conclusion HBO treatment has the effects for improving cranial nerves injury in hypoxia rat,promotes cellular function recovery,decreases hypoxia induced pulmonary hypertension,and has the protective effect on ischemic myocardium.

Therapeutic effect of cistanche deserticola ethanol extraction in rats with osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy and its mechanism / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To explore the therapeutic effect of cistanche deserticola ethanol extraction (CDE) in the rats with osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy,and to clarify its mechanism.Methods:A total of 72 female SD rats were randomly divided into control,model,estradiol (0.3 g · kg-1),low,middle and high doses (0.5,1.0 and 2.0 mg · kg-1) of CDE groups,and 12 rats in each group.The rat ovaries were removed by operation in the other groups to establish the osteoporosis models,while the same size of fat of the rats in control group was excised.5 d later,the rats in estradiol group were hypodermicly injected with estradiol,and the rats in CDE groups were orally administrated with corresponding doses of CDE.The same volume of diluted water was given to the rats in control and model groups.After 20 weeks,the density of right femur of the rat was detected with the method of ratio of weight and size;the mechanics index of left femur of the rat was analyzed by bone granulometer;the levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin were measured by ELISA;the levels of serum Ca2+ and P were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer;the morphology of uterus tissue was observed by HE staining.Results:Compared with model group,the densities of right thighbone of the rats in estradiol group and low,middle and high doses of CDE groups were significantly increased (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01);there were no differences between low,middle and high doses of CDE groups (P＞0.05).Compared with model group and low dose of CDE group,the maximum bending forces,the maximun strains,and the bone rigid coefficients in middle and high doses of CDE groups were remarkably increased (P＜ 0.05),while the levels of ALP were decreased (P＜ 0.05).Compared with model group,and low and middle doses of CDE groups,the level of osteocalcin in high dose of CDE group was significantly decreased (P＜0.05).Compared with model group,the levels of Ca2+ in serum of the rats in low,middle and high doses of CDE groups were significantly increased (P＜0.05);there were no significant differences between low,middle and high doses of CDE groups (P＞0.05).Compared with model group,the morphology of uterus tissue of the rats in low,middle and high doses of CDE groups was improved at different degrees.Conclusion:CDE has therapeutic effect on osteoporosis through increasing the levels of serum ALP,osteocalcin and Ca2+ of the rats.

Exploration of “principle-recipe-composition-target-activity” association of Bupleuri Radix and Scutellariae Radix drug pair for diabetes treatment based on network pharmacology / 药学学报

By using the integrated pharmacology platform and the big data of traditional Chinese medicine combined with the pharmacology thinking of "principle-recipe-composition-target-pathway-activity" in this study, we predicted the material basis and mechanisms of Bupleuri Radix and Scutellariae Radix drug pair for the treatment of diabetes. Fifty-nine active components were predicted, which included saponins, flavones, essential oil, fatty acids and so on. They acted on twenty-two direct targets and twenty-six main pathways respectively.The known disease targets of diabetes include arginine vasopressin receptor gene (AVP), retinoblastoma (RB1), receptor active modified protein (RAMP), platelet growth factor receptor (PDGFR), insulin receptor (INSR), α-glucosidase (GAA), etc. The pathways with diabetes effect involves endocrine system, circulatory system, digestive system, thyroid hormone signaling pathway, ErbB signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, lipid metabolism and other related biological processes and metabolic pathways. The results of virtual screening in molecular docking technology indicate that flavonoids from Bupleuri Radix and Scutellariae Radix drug pair can easily form good docking mode and high affinity with peroxisome proliferators activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), showing antidiabetic activity. The study provides information for the treatment of diabetes by Bupleuri Radix and Scutellariae Radix drug pair, and a new thought for the study of drug pair and complex prescription.

Clinical efficacy and safety of recombinant adenovirus-p53 combined with concurrent radiotherapy and hyperthermia in treatment of advanced soft tissue sarcoma:a study of 76 patients / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of recombinant adenovirus-p53(rAdp53) injection combined with radiotherapy and hyperthermia in the treatment of unresectable advanced soft tissue sarcoma.Methods In this retrospective study, we evaluated 76 patients with unresectable advanced primary or recurrent soft tissue sarcoma treated in our hospital from November 2005 to November 2012.These patients received radiotherapy and hyperthermia with rAdp53(p53 group, n=41) or without rAdp53(control group, n=35).rAdp53((1-2)×1012viral particles each time, once a week, 8 times on average) was injected into the tumor or infused into the pelvic cavity.Radiotherapy (2 Gy each time, 5 times a week) was performed for the planning target volume at 56.3±5.3 Gy in the p53 group and 58.1±4.2 Gy in the control group, with no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).Superficial or deep thermotherapy was employed 8 times on average (twice a week).Clinical features, response rate, time to progression (TTP), overall survival (OS), and adverse events were compared between the two groups (P>0.05).The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate OS;the log-rank test was used for survival difference analysis and univariate prognostic analysis;the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data.Results At 2 months after treatment, the p53 group had significantly increased response rate (partial response+ complete response+ stable disease)(85% vs.54%, P=0.003) and local control rate (49% vs.23%, P=0.020) as well as prolonged TTP (12 months vs.5 months, P=0.010) and OS (48 months vs.31 months, P=0.049), as compared with the control group.No adverse events caused by radiotherapy and hyperthermia except transient fever were seen in the two groups.Conclusions Concurrent radiotherapy and hyperthermia combined with rAdp53 injection is effective and safe for patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma.