Rat age-related benign prostate hyperplasia is concomitant with an increase in the secretion of low ramified α-glycosydic polysaccharides.

This work analysed the expression of prostate polysaccharides in rats with age-related benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) for a better understanding of the possible relationship between prostate polysaccharides secretion and BPH onset. For this, prostatic glands from 1 month-old, 3 months-old, 6 months-old and 12 months-old Sprague-Dawley rats were processed in order to identify their overall polysaccharide content. Additionally, serum testosterone was also determined. One-month old rats showed significantly (P < 0.05) lower testosterone levels (0.77 ng/mL±0.12 ng/mL) compared with the other groups, which showed no significant difference among them. PAS staining showed positive polysaccharides markings in both the prostatic lumen and inside of luminal prostatic cells in all groups. Semiquantitative analysis of intraluminal PAS showed that one month-old rats had significantly (P < 0.005) lower PAS intensity when compared with all other groups (100.0 ± 0.5, arbitrary units vs. 107.3 ± 0.6, arbitrary units in 3 months-old ones), whereas 12 months-old ones showed significantly (P < 0.005) higher values when compared with all other groups (133.6 ± 3.5, arbitrary units in 12 months-old rats vs. 108.6 ± 1.4, arbitrary units in 6 months-old ones). The PAS + content practically disappeared when tissues were pre-incubated with either α-amylase or amyloglucosidase, regardless of a previous incubation with proteinase K. Incubation of prostate extracts from 12 months-old rats for 2 h with α-amylase yielded a significantly higher amount of free glucose (1.47 nmol/mg protein±0.23 nmol/mg protein vs. 0.32 nmol/mg protein±0.01 nmol/mg protein in untreated extracts). Similar results were obtained when extracts were pre-incubated with amyloglucosidase. Contrarily, pre-incubation with N-glycosidase induced a significantly (P < 0.05), much lower increase of free glucose. Pre-treatment with proteinase K did not significantly modify these results, which indicate that BPH is related to an increase in the secretion of low ramified ductal α-glycosydic polysaccharides that were not protected against lysis by any type of protein protective core. These changes seem to not be related with concomitant variations in serum testosterone levels.

Anti-glycative and anti-inflammatory effects of macamides isolated from Tropaeolum tuberosum in skin cells.

Tropaeolum tuberosum, commonly known as Mashua, is an herbal remedy used on the skin in order to treat local pain and to heal wounds. This study aimed to evaluate the extracts and isolated compounds from T. tuberosum with anti-glycative and anti-inflammatory activities. Guided isolation by bioassay led to the isolation and characterisation by NMR and MS of (S)-(-)-N-(α-methylbenzyl)-oleamide (1) and (S)-(-)-N-(α-methylbenzyl)-linoleamide (2). Both compounds inhibited the production of TNF-α with IC50 values of 9.38 µM (NIH/3T3 cells) and 10.06 µM (PA317 cells) for compound 1, and 5.3 µM (NIH/3T3 cells) and 6.48 µM (PA317 cells) for compound 2. Compounds 1 and 2 showed the inhibitory effect on the BSA-MGO formation at concentrations of 9.38 µM (3.39%) and 5.30 µM (8.53%), respectively. Moreover, both compounds showed significant breaking properties on the MGO-AGE-protein crosslink with percent modification of 6.58% (9.38 µM) and 18.08% (5.30 µM), respectively.

Terapia complementaria a la insulina en el tratamiento de niños y adolescentes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1- (DM1) / Therapies complementaries to insulin in the treatment of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)

La diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1), es una enfermedad crónica caracterizada por la deficiencia de insulina debido a la pérdida de células ß pancreáticas, las alteraciones hormonales en la DM 1 no se limitan a la deficiencia de insulina; existiendo también secreción inadecuadada de glucagón en el período postprandial. Aunque el control glucémico con terapias intensivas con insulina ha reducido la incidencia de complicaciones microvascular y macrovasculares. La mayoría de las personas con DM1 tienen un control glucémico subóptimo; Por lo tanto, el uso de farmacoterapia adyuvante para mejorar el control ha sido de interés clínico. El uso de estos nuevos medicamentos brindaría la oportunidad de imitar más de cerca la fisiología pancreática normal, y contrarrestar otros mecanismos fisiopatológicos diferentes a Insulinopenia; contribuyendo a lograr un mejor control metabólico y expectativa de vida.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), is a chronic disease characterized by insulin deficiency due to the loss of pancreatic ß cells, the hormonal alterations in T1DM are not limited to insulin deficiency; there is also a deregulated glucagon secretion in the postprandial period. Although glycemic control with intensive therapies with insulin has reduced the incidence of microvascular and macrovascular complications, most people with T1DM1 glycemic control; therefore, the use of adjuvant pharmacotherapy to improve control has been of clinical interest. The use of these new drugs would offer the opportunity to imitate more closely the normal pancreatic physiology, and to counteract other physiopathological mechanisms different from insulinopenia; contributing to achieve better metabolic control and life expectancy.

Association Between Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis and Air Pollution, Meteorological Factors, and Grass Pollen Counts in Madrid (1996 and 2009).

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between meteorological and pollution-related variables and the symptoms of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis due to sensitization to grass pollen during 2 different time periods in Madrid, Spain. METHODS: Between March 23 and December 31 in 1996 and 2009, we carried out a daily count of grass pollen grains (Burkard spore trap) and recorded the rhinitis symptom scores in 2 groups of patients with a history of seasonal allergic rhinitis (n=25 in 1996 and n=23 in 2009). Descriptive statistics of the same variables during the study periods were recorded. Associations between variables were assessed using the paired-samples Wilcoxon test and categorical principal component analysis (CatPCA, SPSS24 package). RESULTS: The mean symptom score was low in 1996 and moderate in 2009. The 1996 and 2009 CatPCA analysis explained around 66.4% and 70.5% of the variance, respectively. The strongest relationships in 1996 were between symptoms and grass pollen counts (R=0.55) and between temperature and ozone (R=0.63). In 2009, the association between temperature and pollution-related variables was even stronger than in 1996 (ozone [R=0.53] and PM10 [R=0.34], with a positive sign in both cases). CONCLUSIONS: The effect of temperature and pollution (mainly ozone, even at lower atmospheric concentrations than in established guidelines for effects on health) may have contributed to the higher seasonal allergic rhinitis symptom score recorded in 2009.

A randomized control trial of the impact of LCPUFA-ω3 supplementation on body weight and insulin resistance in pubertal children with obesity.

BACKGROUND: Paediatric obesity and insulin resistance (IR) are potentially reversible inflammatory conditions. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 (LCPUFA-ω3) show anti-inflammatory and metabolic properties, but their clinical efficacy is unclear. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to evaluate whether supplementation with LCPUFA-ω3 for 3 months reduces insulin resistance and weight to adolescents with obesity. METHODS: Double-blind trial of 366 adolescents with obesity randomly assigned to 1.2-g LCPUFA-ω3 (DO3) or 1-g sunflower oil (DP) daily for 3 months; both groups received an energy-restricted diet. Children attended monthly for anthropometric, dietary, and clinical measurements. Basal and final blood samples were obtained to measure metabolic markers and erythrocytes fatty acids. Regression models were used for analysis. RESULTS: A total of 119 DO3 and 126 DP children completed follow-up. At baseline, 92% of children presented IR, 66% hypertriglyceridemia, 37% low-grade inflammation, and 32% metabolic syndrome. Despite erythrocytes LCPUFA-ω3 increased more in DO3 (Median differences = 0.984 w/w%; 95 IC = 0.47, 1.53, P < 0.001), body weight, insulin, and HOMA changed similarly in both groups at the end of intervention. Adjusting for basal values, changes in weight, insulin, and HOMA was not related with supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: Supplementation with LCPUFA-ω3 does not affect body weight or insulin in adolescents with obesity.

Serie de casos de pacientes psoriásicas expuestas a terapia biológica durante el embarazo. Registro BIOBADADERM y revisión de la literatura / A case series of patients with psoriasis exposed to biologic therapy during pregnancy: the BIOBADADERM register and a review of the literature

No disponible

Is the ISAC 112 Microarray Useful in the Diagnosis of Pollinosis in Spain?

BACKGROUND: Multiple sensitization is frequent among pollen-allergic patients. The goal of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the ImmunoCAP ISAC 112 (ISAC112) microarray in allergy to pollen from several taxa and its clinical utility in a Spanish population. METHODS: Specific IgE was determined in 390 pollen-allergic patients using the ISAC112 microarray. Diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and area under the ROC curve) was calculated for the diagnosis of allergy to pollen from grass (n=49), cypress (n=75), olive tree (n=33), plane tree (n=63), and pellitory of the wall (n=17) and compared with that of the singleplex ImmunoCAP immunoassay. RESULTS: The sensitivity of the ISAC112 microarray ranged from 68.2% for allergy to plane tree pollen to 93.9% for allergy to grass pollen. The specificity was >90%. The AUC for the diagnosis of allergy to plane tree pollen was 0.798, whereas the AUC for the remaining cases was ≥0.876. The accuracy of ISAC112 was higher than that of ImmunoCAP for plane tree pollen and similar for the remaining pollens. The frequency of sensitization to most species-specific allergenic components and profilins varied between the different geographical regions studied. A total of 73% of pollen-allergic patients were sensitized to species-specific components of more than 1 pollen type. CONCLUSIONS: The ISAC112 microarray is an accurate tool for the diagnosis of allergy to pollen from grass, cypress, olive tree, plane tree, and pellitory of the wall. The features of the ISAC112 microarray are similar or superior (in the case of plane tree pollen) to those of ImmunoCAP. This microarray is particularly useful for the etiologic diagnosis of pollinosis in patients sensitized to multiple pollen species whose pollination periods overlap.

Documento de consenso hispano-portugués para el uso de la terapia fotodinámica con metil aminolevulinato y luz de día en el tratamiento de las queratosis actínicas / Spanish-Portuguese Consensus Statement on Use of Daylight-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy With Methyl Aminolevulinate in the Treatment of Actinic Keratosis

INTRODUCCIÓN: La terapia fotodinámica con luz de día (TFDLD) es una nueva modalidad de terapia fotodinámica (TFD) que, manteniendo la misma eficacia en queratosis actínicas (QA) grado Iy II que la técnica convencional, disminuye sus efectos adversos y la hace más eficiente. Los condicionantes meteorológicos propios de la España y Portugal hacen necesario el establecimiento de un protocolo adecuado y consensuado por expertos adaptado a los mismos. OBJETIVO: Establecer un protocolo para la TFDLD con metil-aminolevulinato (MAL) para el tratamiento de las QA grado I y II adecuado y consensuado a las características epidemiológicas, meteorológicas y clínicas que se dan en España y Portugal. MÉTODO: Doce dermatólogos de diferentes áreas geográficas de ambos países, con experiencia en el tratamiento de las QA con TFD, se reunieron para elaborar un documento de consenso para la realización de TFDLD con MAL. De la revisión de la bibliografía y de su experiencia se elaboró el procedimiento recomendado para su realización. RESULTADOS: Las recomendaciones adoptadas establecen que los pacientes con QA grado I y II múltiples, especialmente en el contexto de campo de cancerización, son los candidatos a realizar este tratamiento. La TFDLD se puede realizar durante todo el año, siendo limitaciones las temperaturas menores de 10°C o las excesivamente elevadas, así como los días de lluvia, nieve o niebla. El procedimiento es sencillo y requiere la aplicación de un fotoprotector FPS>30 que solo contenga filtros orgánicos, la preparación adecuada de las lesiones, la aplicación del MAL sin oclusión y su activación con la luz del día durante 2h. CONCLUSIÓN: Este documento de consenso supone una guía práctica y detallada para la realización de la TFDLD con MAL en España y Portugal destinada a la consecución de la máxima efectividad con mínimos efectos adversos

INTRODUCTION: Daylight-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new type of PDT that is as effective as conventional PDT in grade 1 and 2 actinic keratosis but with fewer adverse effects, resulting in greater efficiency. The climatic conditions in the Iberian Peninsula require an appropriately adapted consensus protocol. OBJECTIVE: We describe a protocol for the treatment of grade 1 and 2 actinic keratosis with daylight-mediated PDT and methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) adapted to the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of Spanish and Portuguese patients and the climatic conditions of both countries. METHODS: Twelve dermatologists from different parts of Spain and Portugal with experience in the treatment of actinic keratosis with PDT convened to draft a consensus statement for daylight-mediated PDT with MAL in these countries. Based on a literature review and their own clinical experience, the group developed a recommended protocol. RESULTS: According to the recommendations adopted, patients with multiple grade 1 and 2 lesions, particularly those at risk of developing cancer, are candidates for this type of therapy. Daylight-mediated PDT can be administered throughout the year, although it is not indicated at temperatures below 10°C or at excessively high temperatures. Likewise, therapy should not be administered when it is raining, snowing, or foggy. The procedure is simple, requiring application of a sunscreen with a protection factor of at least 30 based exclusively on organic filters, appropriate preparation of the lesions, application of MAL without occlusion, and activation in daylight for 2hours. CONCLUSION: This consensus statement represents a practical and detailed guideline to achieve maximum effectiveness of daylight-mediated PDT with MAL in Spain and Portugal with minimal adverse effects

Estudio biomecánico de la tibia en el recambio de una artroplastia de rodilla / Biomechanical study of the tibia in knee replacement revision

No hay consenso en el tratamiento de elección de los recambios protésicos de rodilla con defectos óseos severos. Las opciones son variadas, cada una con sus ventajas e inconvenientes. Los trabajos clínicos publicados tienen sus limitaciones en cuanto al número de pacientes y el poco seguimiento clínico. Se presenta un trabajo biomecánico con elementos finitos comparativo de 5 diseños de implantes tibiales: vástago recto, con offset con/sin suplemento y vainas con/sin vástago, para poder analizar el comportamiento tanto del hueso tibial como del material a lo largo del tiempo. Dentro de las limitaciones que presenta un modelo matemático hemos podido ver que los implantes con vástago recto producen el mayor valor de reabsorción ósea alrededor del vástago, mientras que la menor reabsorción ósea tiene lugar en el hueso de la diáfisis proximal. Las vainas metafisarias tibiales sin vástago producen una menor reabsorción ósea que el resto en el canal medular (AU)

The best management of severe bone defects following total knee replacement is still controversial. Metal augments, tantalum cones and porous tibial sleeves could help the surgeon to manage any type of bone loss, providing a stable and durable knee joint reconstruction. Five different types of prostheses have been analysed: one prosthesis with straight stem; two prostheses with offset stem, with and without supplement, and two prostheses with sleeves, with and without stem. The purpose of this study is to report a finite element study of revision knee tibial implants. The main objective was to analyse the tibial bone density changes and Von Misses tension changes following different tibial implant designs. In all cases, the bone density decreases in the proximal epiphysis and medullary channels, with a bone density increase also being predicted in the diaphysis and at the bone around the stems tips. The highest value of Von Misses stress has been obtained for the straight tibial stem, and the lowest for the stemless metaphyseal sleeves prosthesis (AU)

Modalidades de fototerapia para el tratamiento de la dermatitis atópica: revisión sistemática de la literatura / Phototherapy in Atopic Dermatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Antecedentes: La fototerapia es una opción terapéutica empleada en dermatitis atópica (DA) y recomendada en múltiples guías. Objetivos: Evaluar la eficacia de las distintas modalidades de fototerapia y fotoquimioterapia en el tratamiento de pacientes con DA moderada-grave, mediante una revisión sistemática. Material y métodos: Consideramos los ensayos clínicos aleatorizados (ECA) realizados en pacientes con DA, aceptando cualquier medida de desenlace. Localizamos los artículos mediante una búsqueda electrónica, utilizando Medline (vía Ovid), Embase y Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Adicionalmente, buscamos los ensayos clínicos registrados en Current Controlled Trials y en la WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Resultados: Incluimos 21 ECA en el análisis cualitativo (961 pacientes). Dos ECA incluyeron niños y adolescentes (32 pacientes). Las modalidades UVBBE y UVA1 mostraron resultados de eficacia similares en diversas medidas de desenlace. Dos ECA incluyeron la terapia PUVA. No se describieron efectos secundarios graves. En general, el riesgo de sesgos fue elevado y la calidad de las publicaciones baja, en cuanto a comunicación de la metodología empleada y los resultados obtenidos. Conclusiones: Existe evidencia para el uso de UVBBE y UVA1 en DA moderada-grave. La evidencia para el uso de PUVA en DA es mínima, así como los datos del uso de la fototerapia en la infancia. En futuros estudios sería recomendable estandarizar los criterios de gravedad de la DA y las escalas de valoración de los pacientes, homogeneizar las técnicas de irradiación y establecer un periodo de seguimiento mínimo (AU)

Background: Phototherapy is a treatment option for atopic dermatitis recommended by several guidelines. Objective: To perform a systematic review of the efficacy of different modalities of phototherapy and photochemotherapy in moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. Material and methods: We considered all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) performed in patients with atopic dermatitis, and accepted all outcome measures. Articles were identified via an online search of the MEDLINE (via Ovid) and Embase databases and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. We also searched for clinical trials registered in Current Controlled Trials and in the World Health Organization’s International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Results: Twenty-one RCTs (961 patients) were included in the qualitative analysis. Two of the trials included children and adolescents (32 patients). The efficacy of narrow-band UV-B and UV-A1 phototherapy was similar for the different outcome measures contemplated. Two RCTs assessed the efficacy of psoralen plus UV-A therapy (PUVA). No serious adverse events were described. In general, the publications reviewed were characterized by a high risk of bias and poor reporting of methodology and results. Conclusions: There is evidence for the use of narrow-band UV-B and UV-A1 phototherapy in moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. Evidence supporting the use of PUVA in atopic dermatitis is scarce and there is little information on the use of phototherapy in childhood. For the purpose of future studies, it would be advisable to use comparable criteria and scales for the evaluation of disease severity and patients, to standardize radiation methods, and to establish a minimum follow-up time (AU)

Preliminary insights into the incorporation of rosemary extract (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) in fish feed: influence on performance and physiology of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata).

Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) were fed a basal (control) diet and four experimental diets (R600, R1200, R1800 and R2400), containing 600, 1200, 1800 and 2400 mg kg(-1), respectively, of rosemary extract (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). At 4 and 12 weeks from the beginning of the ongrowing period, the fish were sacrificed, blood was drawn to obtain plasma and the liver and intestines were dissected. Growth and feed intake were unaffected by rosemary extract addition. A histological examination of the intestine revealed no differences among the dosages, while the liver showed a sharp decrease in hepatic steatosis in diets supplemented with rosemary extract. Furthermore, plasma alanine aminotransferase was lower with these diets at the end of the ongrowing period. Rosemary extract reduced the plasma levels of glucose and triglycerides on week 4 and glucose and HDL/LDL cholesterol ratio on week 12, suggesting better transport and energy metabolism of the lipids. Overall, the most evident effect of rosemary extract was observed with the 600 mg kg(-1) dose.

Phototherapy in atopic dermatitis: a systematic review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Phototherapy is a treatment option for atopic dermatitis recommended by several guidelines. OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review of the efficacy of different modalities of phototherapy and photochemotherapy in moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We considered all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) performed in patients with atopic dermatitis, and accepted all outcome measures. Articles were identified via an online search of the MEDLINE (via Ovid) and Embase databases and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. We also searched for clinical trials registered in Current Controlled Trials and in the World Health Organization's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. RESULTS: Twenty-one RCTs (961 patients) were included in the qualitative analysis. Two of the trials included children and adolescents (32 patients). The efficacy of narrow-band UV-B and UV-A1 phototherapy was similar for the different outcome measures contemplated. Two RCTs assessed the efficacy of psoralen plus UV-A therapy (PUVA). No serious adverse events were described. In general, the publications reviewed were characterized by a high risk of bias and poor reporting of methodology and results. CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence for the use of narrow-band UV-B and UV-A1 phototherapy in moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. Evidence supporting the use of PUVA in atopic dermatitis is scarce and there is little information on the use of phototherapy in childhood. For the purpose of future studies, it would be advisable to use comparable criteria and scales for the evaluation of disease severity and patients, to standardize radiation methods, and to establish a minimum follow-up time.

Biomechanical study of the tibia in knee replacement revision.

The best management of severe bone defects following total knee replacement is still controversial. Metal augments, tantalum cones and porous tibial sleeves could help the surgeon to manage any type of bone loss, providing a stable and durable knee joint reconstruction. Five different types of prostheses have been analysed: one prosthesis with straight stem; two prostheses with offset stem, with and without supplement, and two prostheses with sleeves, with and without stem. The purpose of this study is to report a finite element study of revision knee tibial implants. The main objective was to analyse the tibial bone density changes and Von Misses tension changes following different tibial implant designs. In all cases, the bone density decreases in the proximal epiphysis and medullary channels, with a bone density increase also being predicted in the diaphysis and at the bone around the stems tips. The highest value of Von Misses stress has been obtained for the straight tibial stem, and the lowest for the stemless metaphyseal sleeves prosthesis.

Are basophil activation and sulphidoleukotriene determination useful tests for monitoring patients with peach allergy receiving sublingual immunotherapy with a Pru p 3-enriched peach extract?

INTRODUCTION: Treatment of food allergy essentially consists of food avoidance, but immunotherapy with food is emerging as a new therapeutic option. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical improvement and immunological changes in patients with peach allergy following sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) with a Prup3 quantified peach extract. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial with peach SLIT was conducted. We assessed clinical efficacy after 6 months of treatment by means of double-blind, placebo-controlled oral challenges with peach and also evaluated immunological changes (basophil activation test [BAT] and determination of sulphidoleukotriene production) following stimulation with peach peel and pulp, rPrup3, rMald 1, and rMal d 4 stimulation. We also measured specific IgE and IgG4 to Pru p3. RESULTS: After 6 months of SLIT (T6), the active group showed a 3-fold improvement in tolerance to Prup3 and a significant increase in IgE to rPrup3 and in sLT production following stimulation with peach peel and rPrup3. There was also a significant increase in BAT results after stimulation with rPrup3 at 1 month of SLIT (T1). Statistically significant between-group differences were only observed for BAT with peach peel and pulp at T1 and T6 and for BAT with rPru p3 at T6. No changes were observed in BAT with rMal d 1 or rMal d 4 or in IgG4 levels to nPrup3. CONCLUSIONS: SLIT with a Pru p 3 quantified peach extract is clinically effective and leads to an increase in basophil activation and sulphidoleukotriene production following stimulation with rPru p3 and peach peel in the first months of treatment.

Anorexia nerviosa y psicodrama: intervención a través de la silueta / No disponible

En este artículo se expone el trabajo realizado en un grupo de terapia de mujeres con anorexia nerviosa restrictiva, usuarias de una asociación para personas con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. A partir de la técnica de la silueta y a través de distintos ejercicios psicodramáticos se trabajó sobre dos factores comunes en los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria: el rechazo al propio cuerpo y la distorsión de la imagen corporal. Este trabajo ayudó a las pacientes a reconocer la distorsión de la imagen corporal que tenían y aceptar que su figura fue la que mostró la silueta real (AU)

In this article there will be exposed the work realized in a group of women’s therapy with restrictive anorexia nervosa, users of an Association for persons with disorders of the food conduct. From the technology of the Silhouette, and across different psychodramatic exercises, one was employed on two common factors at the disorders of the food conduct: the rejection to the own body and the distortion of the corporal image. This work helped patients to recognize the body image's distortion that they had and to accept that her figure was the one that showed the actual silhouette (AU)

A new ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection coupled to electrospray ionization and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry analytical strategy for fast analysis and improved characterization of phenolic compounds in apple products.

A new, rapid, selective and sensitive ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection coupled to electrospray ionization and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-ESI-Q-ToF-MS) strategy using automatic and simultaneous acquisition of exact mass at high and low collision energy, MS(E), has been developed to obtain polyphenolic profile of apples, apple pomace and apple juice from Asturian cider apples in a single run injection of 22 min. MS(E) spectral data acquisition overcomes chromatographic co-elution problems, performing simultaneous collection of precursor ions as well as other ions produced as a result of their fragmentation, which allows resolving complex spectra from mixtures of precursor ions in an unsupervised way and eases their interpretation. Using this technique, 52 phenolic compounds of five different classes were readily characterized in these apple extracts in both positive and negative ionization modes. The spectral data for phenolic compounds obtained using this acquisition mode are comparable to those obtained by conventional LC-MS/MS as exemplified in this work. Among the 52 phenolic compounds identified in this work, 2 dihydrochalcones and 3 flavonols have been tentatively identified for the first time in apple products. Moreover, 2 flavanols, 4 dihydrochalcones, 9 hydroxycinnamic acids and 4 flavonols had not been previously reported in apple by ToF analysis to our knowledge.

Bromelain, a cysteine protease from pineapple (Ananas comosus) stem, is an inhibitor of fungal plant pathogens.

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of bromelain, a cysteine protease isolated from pineapple (Ananas comosus), on growth of several agronomically important fungal pathogens. METHODS AND RESULTS: Purification of bromelain from pineapple stems was carried out by chromatography techniques, and its antimicrobial activity was tested against the fungal pathogens Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium proliferatum by broth microdilution assay. A concentration of 0.3 µmol l(-1) of bromelain was sufficient for 90% growth inhibition of F. verticillioides. The capability of bromelain to inhibit fungal growth is related to its proteolytic activity. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates that stem bromelain exhibits a potent antifungal activity against phytopathogens and suggests its potential use as an effective agent for crop protection. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The results support the use of a natural protease that accumulates at high levels in pineapple stems as alternative to the use of chemical fungicides for crop protection.

Recomendaciones para el soporte nutricional y metabólico especializado del paciente crítico. Actualización. Consenso SEMICYUC-SENPE: Insuficiencia respiratoria / Guidelines for specialized nutritional and metabolic support in the critically-ill patient. Update. Consensus of the Spanish Society of Intensive Care Medicine and Coronary Units-Spanish Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (SEMICYUC-SENPE): Respiratory failure

La insuficiencia respiratoria aguda grave que precisa ventilación mecánica es una de las causas más frecuentes de ingreso de los pacientes en UCI. Entre las etiologías más frecuentes se encuentran la reagudización de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda con lesión pulmonar aguda o con criterios de síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo. Estos pacientes presentan un riesgo elevado de desnutrición por su enfermedad de base, por la situación catabólica en la que se encuentran y por el empleo de la ventilación mecánica. Ello justifica que estos pacientes deban ser valorados desde el punto de vista nutricional y que el uso de soporte nutricional especializado sea necesario. El soporte nutricional especializado debe paliar los efectos catabólicos de la enfermedad, evitar la sobrecarga de calorías y utilizar, en casos seleccionados, dietas específicas enriquecidas con ácidos grasos w-3 y antioxidantes que podrían mejorar el pronóstico (AU)

Severe acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation is one of the most frequent reasons for admission to the intensive care unit. Among the most frequent causes for admission are exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute respiratory failure with acute lung injury (ALI) or with criteria of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). These patient s have a high risk of malnutrition due to the under lying disease, their altered catabolism and the use of mechanical ventilation. Consequently, nutritional evaluation and the use of specialized nutritional support are required. This support should alleviate the catabolic effects of the disease, avoid calorie overload and, in selected patients, to use omega-3 fatty acid- and antioxidant-enriched diets, which could improve outcome (AU)

Guidelines for specialized nutritional and metabolic support in the critically-ill patient. Update. Consensus SEMICYUC-SENPE: Respiratory failure / Recomendaciones para el soporte nutricional y metabólico especializado del paciente crítico. Actualización. Consenso SEMICYUC-SENPE: Insuficiencia respiratoria

Severe acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation is one of the most frequent reasons for admission to the intensive care unit. Among the most frequent causes for admission are exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute respiratory failure with acute lung injury (ALI) or with criteria of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). These patients have a high risk of malnutrition due to the underlying disease, their altered catabolism and the use of mechanical ventilation. Consequently, nutritional evaluation and the use of specialized nutritional support are required. This support should alleviate the catabolic effects of the disease, avoid calorie overload and, in selected patients, to use omega-3 fatty acid and antioxidant-enriched diets, which could improve outcome (AU)

La insuficiencia respiratoria aguda grave que precisa ventilación mecánica es una de las causas mas frecuentes de ingreso de los pacientes en UCI. Entre las etiologías mas frecuentes se encuentran la reagudización de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda con lesion pulmonar aguda o con criterios de síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo. Estos pacientes presentan un riesgo elevado de desnutrición por su enfermedad de base, por la situación catabólica en la que se encuentran y por el empleo de la ventilación mecánica. Ello justifica que estos pacientes deban ser valorados desde el punto de vista nutricional y que el uso de soporte nutricional especializado sea necesario. El soporte nutricional especializado debe paliar los efectos catabólicos de la enfermedad, evitar la sobrecarga de calorías y utilizar, en casos seleccionados, dietas especificas enriquecidas con ácidos grasos ω-3 y antioxidantes que podrían mejorar el pronostico (AU)