Proteomic changes associated with maternal dietary low ω6:ω3 ratio in piglets supplemented with seaweed. Part I: Serum proteomes.

This study examines whether maternal low ω6:ω3 ratio diet and offspring SW supplementation can improve offspring immunity and performance by elucidating the effects on piglet serum proteome. A total of 16 sows were given either a standard (CR, 13:1) or low ω6:ω3 ratio diet (LR, 4:1) during pregnancy and lactation and their male weaned piglets were supplemented with SW powder (4 g/kg, SW) or not (CT) in a 21-day post-weaning (PW) diet. Four PW piglet groups were then identified based on dam and piglet treatment, namely CRCT, CRSW, LRCT, and LRSW (n = 10 each). Piglet serum collected at weaning and d21 PW were analysed (n = 5 each) using TMT-based quantitative proteomics and validated by appropriate assays. The differentially abundant proteins (n = 122) displayed positive effects of maternal LR diet on anti-inflammatory properties and innate immune stimulation. Progeny SW diet activated the innate immunity and enhance the host defence during inflammation. These data demonstrate the value of decreasing ω6:ω3 ratio in maternal diet and SW supplementation in PW piglet's diet to boost their immunity and anti-inflammation properties. SIGNIFICANCE: This novel proteomic study in post-weaned piglets addresses the interplay between maternal and offspring nutritional interventions in a context of rapid and dynamic alterations in piglet metabolic status around weaning. Decreasing ω6:ω3 ratio in maternal diet and SW supplementation in PW piglet's diet can boost their immunity and anti-inflammation properties. This study also provides new insights into piglet serum proteome regulation during post-weaning, a critical development period in swine.

Proteomic changes associated with maternal dietary low ω6:ω3 ratio in piglets supplemented with seaweed Part II: Ileum proteomes.

This study evaluates how long-term dietary low ω6:ω3 ratio in sows and offspring's seaweed (SW) intake affects piglet intestinal function and growth through modifying ileum proteome. Sows were assigned to either control diet (CR, ω6:ω3 ratio = 13:1) or treatment diet (LR, ω6:ω3 = 4:1) during gestation and lactation (n = 8 each). The male weaned offspring were received a basal diet with or without SW powder supplementation (4 g/kg) for 21 days, denoted as SW and CT groups, respectively. In total, four groups of weaned piglets were formed following maternal and offspring's diets combination, represented by CRCT, CRSW, LRCT, and LRSW (n = 10 each). Piglet ileum tissue was collected on day 22 post-weaning and analysed using TMT-based quantitative proteomics. The differentially abundant proteins (n = 300) showed the influence of maternal LR diet on protein synthesis, cell proliferation, and cell cycle regulation. In contrast, the SW diet lowered the inflammation severity and promoted ileal tissue development in CRSW piglets but reduced the fat absorption capacity in LRSW piglets. These results uncovered the mechanism behind the anti-inflammation and intestinal-boosting effects of maternal LR diet in piglets supplemented with SW.

Abundance of plasma proteins in response to divergent ratios of dietary ω6:ω3 fatty acids in gestating and lactating sows using a quantitative proteomics approach.

This study aimed to investigate the characteristic proteomic pattern of plasma from sows supplemented with low dietary ω6:ω3 fatty acids (FAs) ratio during gestation and lactation. Two dietary treatments (n = 8 each) comprised either a control ratio of ω6:ω3 FAs (CR, 13:1 during gestation and 10:1 during lactation) or a low ratio (LR, 4:1 during gestation and lactation) by adding soybean oil or linseed oil, respectively. High-resolution mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics was applied on plasma (n = 5 each) at day 108 of gestation (G108) and at the end of lactation (L-End), and a total of 379 proteins and 202 master proteins were identified. Out of these, four differentially abundant proteins between LR and CR samples at G108 may relate to serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity. Differentially abundant proteins in L-End versus G108 (12 up-regulated and 10 down-regulated) were positively correlated with the events that regulate plasma lipoproteins, stimulus- and defence-responses. These findings demonstrate the benefit of increased dietary ω3 FAs in modifying proteins involved in protective mechanisms against increased stresses in key life cycle phases in pigs. In addition, proteome changes from late gestation to late lactation disclosed the underlying mechanism of pigs in response to reproduction-related stimuli. SIGNIFICANCE: This study aimed to provide a proteomics insight into the beneficial effects of maternal diet supplementation with a low ω6:ω3 fatty acids ratio, based on previously reported performance and zootechnical data. The results suggest that a low dietary ω6:ω3 fatty acids ratio could enhance the cellular defence mechanisms against increased stresses and in particular to oxidative stress in sows during gestation and lactation, as reflected in proteomic changes of haptoglobin (HP), alpha-1-antitrypsin (SERPINA1) and serum amyloid P-component (APCS). Furthermore, significantly changed proteome profiles in sow plasma between late gestation and lactation phases have been revealed for the first time. This finding identified the adaptation mechanisms of sows to changing physiological events during reproduction.

Treatment With Medicinal Mushroom Extract Mixture Inhibits Translation and Reprograms Metabolism in Advanced Colorectal Cancer Animal Model as Evidenced by Tandem Mass Tags Proteomics Analysis.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent cancer type in both males and females, with about 35% of patients being diagnosed in stage IV metastatic disease. Despite advancements in treatment, life expectancy in patients with metastatic disease is still not satisfying. Due to frequent drug resistance during conventional and targeted cancer treatments, the development and testing of multi-target therapies is an important research field. Medicinal mushrooms specific isolated compounds as well as complex extract mixtures have been studied in depth, and many mushroom species have been proven to be non-toxic multi-target inhibitors of specific oncogenic pathways, as well as potent immunomodulators. In this study, we have performed a tandem mass tags qualitative and quantitative proteomic analyses of CT26.WT colon cancer tumor tissues from Balb/c mice treated with the studied medicinal mushroom extract mixture, with or without 5-fluorouracil. Besides significantly improved survival, obtained results reveal that Agarikon.1 alone, and in combination with 5-fluorouracil exert their anticancer effects by affecting several fundamental processes important in CRC progression. Bioinformatic analysis of up- and downregulated proteins revealed that ribosomal biogenesis and translation is downregulated in treatment groups, while the unfolded protein response (UPR), lipid metabolism and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) are upregulated. Moreover, we found that many known clinical biomarkers and protein clusters important in CRC progression and prognosis are affected, which are a good basis for an expanded translational study of the herein presented treatment.