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1.
JACC Heart Fail ; 8(5): 359-368, 2020 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32171760

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the effects of a mid-trial protocol amendment requiring elevated natriuretic peptides for inclusion in the COMMANDER-HF (A Study to Assess the Effectiveness and Safety of Rivaroxaban in Reducing the Risk of Death, Myocardial Infarction, or Stroke in Participants with Heart Failure and Coronary Artery Disease Following an Episode of Decompensated Heart Failure) trial. BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) trials that select patients based on history of HF hospitalization alone are susceptible to regional variations in event rates. Elevated plasma concentrations of natriuretic peptides (NPs) as selection criteria may help HF ascertainment and risk enrichment. In the COMMANDER-HF trial, B-type natriuretic peptide ≥200 ng/l or N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide ≥800 ng/l were added to inclusion criteria as a mid-trial protocol amendment, providing a unique case-study of NP-based inclusion criteria. METHODS: We compared the baseline characteristics, event rates, and treatment effects for patients enrolled before and after the NP protocol amendment. The primary endpoint was all-cause death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Secondary endpoints included HF rehospitalization and cardiovascular death. RESULTS: A total of 5,022 patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40% and coronary artery disease were included. Compared to patients enrolled before the NP protocol amendment, those enrolled post-amendment (n = 3,867, 77%) were older, more often had diabetes, and had lower values for body mass index, left ventricular ejection fraction, and estimated glomerular filtration rate, higher heart rate, and higher event rates: primary endpoint (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16 to 1.50), cardiovascular death (HR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.50), HF rehospitalization (HR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.49), and major bleeding (HR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.11 to 2.65). Differences between pre- and post-amendment rates were confined to and driven by Eastern Europe. This protocol amendment did not modify the neutral effect of rivaroxaban on the primary endpoint (p interaction = 0.36) or secondary endpoints. CONCLUSIONS: In a global event-driven trial of rivaroxaban in HF, requiring elevated NPs for inclusion increased event rates allowing earlier completion of the trial but did not modify treatment effect. These data inform future HF trials regarding the expected impact of NP-based inclusion criteria on patient characteristics and event rates. (COMMANDER HF [A Study to Assess the Effectiveness and Safety of Rivaroxaban in Reducing the Risk of Death, Myocardial Infarction, or Stroke in Participants With Heart Failure and Coronary Artery Disease Following an Episode of Decompensated Heart Failure] NCT01877915).


Assuntos
Insuficiência Cardíaca/tratamento farmacológico , Peptídeos Natriuréticos/sangue , Seleção de Pacientes , Rivaroxabana/uso terapêutico , Volume Sistólico/fisiologia , Função Ventricular Esquerda/fisiologia , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Método Duplo-Cego , Inibidores do Fator Xa/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Saúde Global , Insuficiência Cardíaca/sangue , Insuficiência Cardíaca/mortalidade , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Taxa de Sobrevida/tendências
2.
Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev ; 8(7): 942-951, 2019 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30452784

RESUMO

The chymase inhibitor fulacimstat is developed as a first-in-class treatment option for the inhibition of adverse cardiac remodeling in patients with left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) after acute myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of the study was to examine the safety and tolerability of fulacimstat in patients with LVD after remote MI. A multicenter, multinational randomized, placebo-controlled study was performed in clinically stable patients (40-79 years of age, left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 45% because of MI in medical history) who were on stable evidence-based standard-of-care therapies for LVD post-MI including an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker at doses of at least half the recommended target dose. Patients were treated for 2 weeks with either placebo (n = 12) or 4 different doses of fulacimstat (5 mg twice daily, n = 9; 10 mg twice daily, n = 9; 25 mg twice daily, n = 10; 50 mg once daily, n = 9). Fulacimstat was safe and well tolerated at all examined doses. There were no clinically relevant effects on vital signs or potassium levels compared with placebo treatment. Mean plasma concentrations of fulacimstat increased with the administered dose and reached exposures predicted to be therapeutically active. The safety profile and the absence of effects on blood pressure or heart rate in a chronic patient population having similar comorbidities and receiving similar comedication as patients after acute MI support future clinical trials with fulacimstat in patients after acute MI.


Assuntos
Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina/uso terapêutico , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/uso terapêutico , Ácidos Carboxílicos/administração & dosagem , Insuficiência Cardíaca/prevenção & controle , Indenos/administração & dosagem , Infarto do Miocárdio/complicações , Pirimidinas/administração & dosagem , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Ácidos Carboxílicos/efeitos adversos , Ácidos Carboxílicos/farmacocinética , Quimases/antagonistas & inibidores , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Humanos , Indenos/efeitos adversos , Indenos/farmacocinética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pirimidinas/efeitos adversos , Pirimidinas/farmacocinética , Resultado do Tratamento , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/etiologia
3.
N Engl J Med ; 379(14): 1332-1342, 2018 10 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30146935

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Heart failure is associated with activation of thrombin-related pathways, which predicts a poor prognosis. We hypothesized that treatment with rivaroxaban, a factor Xa inhibitor, could reduce thrombin generation and improve outcomes for patients with worsening chronic heart failure and underlying coronary artery disease. METHODS: In this double-blind, randomized trial, 5022 patients who had chronic heart failure, a left ventricular ejection fraction of 40% or less, coronary artery disease, and elevated plasma concentrations of natriuretic peptides and who did not have atrial fibrillation were randomly assigned to receive rivaroxaban at a dose of 2.5 mg twice daily or placebo in addition to standard care after treatment for an episode of worsening heart failure. The primary efficacy outcome was the composite of death from any cause, myocardial infarction, or stroke. The principal safety outcome was fatal bleeding or bleeding into a critical space with a potential for causing permanent disability. RESULTS: Over a median follow-up period of 21.1 months, the primary end point occurred in 626 (25.0%) of 2507 patients assigned to rivaroxaban and in 658 (26.2%) of 2515 patients assigned to placebo (hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84 to 1.05; P=0.27). No significant difference in all-cause mortality was noted between the rivaroxaban group and the placebo group (21.8% and 22.1%, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.87 to 1.10). The principal safety outcome occurred in 18 patients who took rivaroxaban and in 23 who took placebo (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.43 to 1.49; P=0.48). CONCLUSIONS: Rivaroxaban at a dose of 2.5 mg twice daily was not associated with a significantly lower rate of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke than placebo among patients with worsening chronic heart failure, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, coronary artery disease, and no atrial fibrillation. (Funded by Janssen Research and Development; COMMANDER HF ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01877915 .).


Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores do Fator Xa/uso terapêutico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/tratamento farmacológico , Rivaroxabana/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/complicações , Método Duplo-Cego , Quimioterapia Combinada , Inibidores do Fator Xa/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/complicações , Insuficiência Cardíaca/mortalidade , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/epidemiologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/prevenção & controle , Peptídeo Natriurético Encefálico/sangue , Readmissão do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/uso terapêutico , Rivaroxabana/efeitos adversos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/prevenção & controle , Volume Sistólico , Falha de Tratamento
4.
JAMA Cardiol ; 2(9): 995-1006, 2017 09 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28768311

RESUMO

Importance: Among myriad changes occurring during the evolution of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), cardiomyocyte-extracellular matrix interactions from excess collagen may affect microvascular, mechanical, and electrical function. Objective: To investigate whether myocardial fibrosis (MF) is similarly prevalent both in those with HFpEF and those at risk for HFpEF, similarly associating with disease severity and outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants: Observational cohort study from June 1, 2010, to September 17, 2015, with follow-up until December 14, 2015, at a cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) center serving an integrated health system. Consecutive patients with preserved systolic function referred for CMR were eligible. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance was used to exclude patients with cardiac amyloidosis (n = 19). Exposures: Myocardial fibrosis quantified by extracellular volume (ECV) CMR measures. Main Outcome and Measures: Baseline BNP; subsequent hospitalization for heart failure or death. Results: Of 1174 patients identified (537 [46%] female; median [interquartile range {IQR}] age, 56 [44-66] years), 250 were "at risk" for HFpEF given elevated brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level; 160 had HFpEF by documented clinical diagnosis, and 745 did not have HFpEF. Patients either at risk for HFpEF or with HFpEF demonstrated similarly higher prevalence/extent of MF and worse prognosis compared with patients with no HFpEF. Among those at risk for HFpEF or with HFpEF, the actual diagnosis of HFpEF was not associated with significant differences in MF (median ECV, 28.2%; IQR, 26.2%-30.7% vs 28.3%; IQR, 25.5%-31.4%; P = .60) or prognosis (log-rank 0.8; P = .38). Over a median of 1.9 years, 61 patients at risk for HFpEF or with HFpEF experienced adverse events (19 hospitalization for heart failure, 48 deaths, 6 with both). In those with HFpEF, ECV was associated with baseline log BNP (disease severity surrogate) in multivariable linear regression models, and was associated with outcomes in multivariable Cox regression models (eg, hazard ratio 1.75 per 5% increase in ECV, 95% CI, 1.25-2.45; P = .001 in stepwise model) whether grouped with patients at risk for HFpEF or not. Conclusions and Relevance: Among myriad changes occurring during the apparent evolution of HFpEF where elevated BNP is prevalent, MF was similarly prevalent in those with or at risk for HFpEF. Conceivably, MF might precede clinical HFpEF diagnosis. Regardless, MF was associated with disease severity (ie, BNP) and outcomes. Whether cells and secretomes mediating MF represent therapeutic targets in HFpEF warrants further evaluation.


Assuntos
Cardiomiopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Espaço Extracelular/diagnóstico por imagem , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico por imagem , Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Miocárdio/patologia , Volume Sistólico , Adulto , Idoso , Cardiomiopatias/sangue , Cardiomiopatias/complicações , Cardiomiopatias/fisiopatologia , Estudos de Coortes , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Fibrose , Insuficiência Cardíaca/sangue , Insuficiência Cardíaca/complicações , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Imagem Cinética por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peptídeo Natriurético Encefálico/sangue , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores de Tempo
5.
Curr Heart Fail Rep ; 14(4): 210-216, 2017 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28647917

RESUMO

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: With the growing prevalence of heart failure, there is a particular need to develop new pharmacologic treatments that can improve outcomes. While there are several approved therapies for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, there is currently no approved agent for those with preserved ejection fraction. The current review aimed to explore the utility of alternate endpoints to mortality and hospitalization. RECENT FINDINGS: There is increased interest in the use of alternative endpoints such as functional status and quality of life for heart failure drug development to focus on patients feeling better in addition to improving outcomes. This should ideally be measured using objective as well as subjective parameters. While mortality and hospitalization remain important endpoints for clinical trials in heart failure, other more patient-centered outcomes are attractive alternatives yet how to best incorporate these in a trial setting remains to be elucidated.


Assuntos
Insuficiência Cardíaca/tratamento farmacológico , Volume Sistólico/fisiologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/mortalidade , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Hospitalização , Humanos , Assistência Centrada no Paciente , Qualidade de Vida , Resultado do Tratamento
6.
Am Heart J ; 175: 142-52, 2016 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27179733

RESUMO

Only about 1 in 5,000 investigational agents in a preclinical stage acquires Food and Drug Administration approval. Among many reasons for this includes an inefficient transition from preclinical to clinical phases, which exponentially increase the cost and the delays the process of drug development. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a nuclear imaging technique that has been used for the diagnosis, risk stratification, and guidance of therapy. However, lately with the advance of radiochemistry and of molecular imaging technology, it became evident that PET could help novel drug development process. By using a PET radioligand to report on receptor occupancy during novel agent therapy, it may help assess the effectiveness, efficacy, and safety of such a new medication in an early preclinical stage and help design successful clinical trials even at a later phase. In this article, we explore the potential implications of PET in the development of new heart failure therapies and review PET's application in the respective pathophysiologic pathways such as myocardial perfusion, metabolism, innervation, inflammation, apoptosis, and cardiac remodeling.


Assuntos
Fármacos Cardiovasculares/farmacologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/tratamento farmacológico , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/métodos , Desenho de Fármacos , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Distribuição Tecidual
7.
JACC Heart Fail ; 4(7): 580-588, 2016 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27039131

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to characterize the association between decongestion therapy and 30-day outcomes in patients hospitalized for heart failure (HF). BACKGROUND: Loop diuretic agents are commonly prescribed for the treatment of symptomatic congestion in patients hospitalized for HF, but the association between loop diuretic agent dose response and post-discharge outcomes has not been well characterized. METHODS: Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association among average loop diuretic agent dose, congestion status at discharge, and 30-day post-discharge all-cause mortality and HF rehospitalization in 3,037 subjects hospitalized with worsening HF enrolled in the EVEREST (Efficacy of Vasopressin Antagonism in Heart Failure: Outcome Study With Tolvaptan) study. RESULTS: In univariate analysis, subjects exposed to high-dose diuretic agents (≥160 mg/day) had greater risk for the combined outcome than subjects exposed to low-dose diuretic agents (18.9% vs. 10.0%; hazard ratio: 2.00; 95% confidence interval: 1.64 to 2.46; p < 0.0001). After adjustment for pre-specified covariates of disease severity, the association between diuretic agent dose and outcomes was not significant (hazard ratio: 1.11; 95% confidence interval: 0.89 to 1.38; p = 0.35). Of the 3,011 subjects with clinical assessments of volume status, 2,063 (69%) had little or no congestion at hospital discharge. Congestion status at hospital discharge did not modify the association between diuretic agent exposure and the combined endpoint (p for interaction = 0.84). CONCLUSIONS: Short-term diuretic agent exposure during hospital treatment for worsening HF was not an independent predictor of 30-day all-cause mortality and HF rehospitalization in multivariate analysis. Congestion status at discharge did not modify the association between diuretic agent dose and clinical outcomes.


Assuntos
Antagonistas dos Receptores de Hormônios Antidiuréticos/uso terapêutico , Benzazepinas/uso terapêutico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/tratamento farmacológico , Mortalidade , Readmissão do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Inibidores de Simportadores de Cloreto de Sódio e Potássio/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Causas de Morte , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Hospitalização , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Tolvaptan , Resultado do Tratamento
8.
Circ Heart Fail ; 9(2): e002843, 2016 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26839395

RESUMO

Success with oncologic treatment has allowed cancer patients to experience longer cancer-free survival gains. Unfortunately, this success has been tempered by unintended and often devastating cardiac complications affecting overall patient outcomes. Cardiac toxicity, specifically the association of several cancer therapy agents with the development of left ventricular dysfunction and cardiomyopathy, is an issue of growing concern. Although the pathophysiologic mechanisms behind cardiac toxicity have been characterized, there is currently no evidence-based approach for monitoring and management of these patients. In the first of a 2-part review, we discuss the epidemiologic, pathophysiologic, risk factors, and imaging aspects of cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. In this second part, we discuss the prevention and treatment aspects in these patients and conclude with highlighting the evidence gaps and future directions for research in this area.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Cardiomiopatias/prevenção & controle , Cardiomiopatias/terapia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/prevenção & controle , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/prevenção & controle , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/terapia , Algoritmos , Animais , Cardiomiopatias/induzido quimicamente , Cardiomiopatias/diagnóstico , Cardiomiopatias/fisiopatologia , Procedimentos Clínicos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/induzido quimicamente , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/induzido quimicamente , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/diagnóstico , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/fisiopatologia , Função Ventricular Esquerda/efeitos dos fármacos
9.
Eur J Heart Fail ; 17(7): 735-42, 2015 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25919061

RESUMO

AIMS: Thrombin is a critical element of crosstalk between pathways contributing to worsening of established heart failure (HF). The aim of this study is to explore the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban 2.5 mg bid compared with placebo (with standard care) after an exacerbation of HF in patients with reduced ejection fraction (HF-rEF) and documented coronary artery disease. METHODS: This is an international prospective, multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, event-driven study of approximately 5000 patients for a targeted 984 events. Patients must have a recent symptomatic exacerbation of HF, increased plasma concentrations of natriuretic peptides (B-type natriuretic peptide ≥200 pg/mL or N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide ≥800 pg/mL), with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40% and coronary artery disease. Patients requiring anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation or other conditions will be excluded. After an index event (overnight hospitalization, emergency department or observation unit admission, or unscheduled outpatient parenteral treatment for worsening HF), patients will be randomized 1:1 to rivaroxaban or placebo (with standard of care). The primary efficacy outcome event is a composite of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction or stroke. The principal safety outcome events are the composite of fatal bleeding or bleeding into a critical space with potential permanent disability, bleeding events requiring hospitalization and major bleeding events according to International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis bleeding criteria. CONCLUSION: COMMANDER HF is the first prospective study of a target-specific oral antithrombotic agent in HF. It will provide important information regarding rivaroxaban use following an HF event in an HF-rEF patient population with coronary artery disease.


Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores do Fator Xa/uso terapêutico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/tratamento farmacológico , Infarto do Miocárdio/prevenção & controle , Projetos de Pesquisa , Rivaroxabana/uso terapêutico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/prevenção & controle , Administração Oral , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/mortalidade , Método Duplo-Cego , Insuficiência Cardíaca/mortalidade , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Taxa de Sobrevida
10.
Heart Fail Rev ; 20(1): 39-51, 2015 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24925377

RESUMO

Amino acids play a key role in multiple cellular processes. Amino acids availability is reduced in patients with heart failure (HF) with deleterious consequences on cardiac and whole-body metabolism. Several metabolic abnormalities have been identified in the failing heart, and many of them lead to an increased need of amino acids. Recently, several clinical trials have been conducted to demonstrate the benefits of amino acids supplementation in patients with HF. Although they have shown an improvement of exercise tolerance and, in some cases, of left ventricular function, they have many limitations, namely small sample size, differences in patients' characteristics and nutritional supplementations, and lack of data regarding outcomes. Moreover recent data suggest that a multi-nutritional approach, including also antioxidants, vitamins, and metals, may be more effective. Larger trials are needed to ascertain safety, efficacy, and impact on prognosis of such an approach in HF.


Assuntos
Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Aminoácidos/uso terapêutico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/tratamento farmacológico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doença Crônica , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Suplementos Nutricionais , Tolerância ao Exercício/fisiologia , Humanos
11.
Eur J Heart Fail ; 16(5): 471-82, 2014 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24599738

RESUMO

Congestion is a major reason for hospitalization in acute heart failure (HF). Therapeutic strategies to manage congestion include diuretics, vasodilators, ultrafiltration, vasopressin antagonists, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and potentially also novel therapies such as gut sequesterants and serelaxin. Uncertainty exists with respect to the appropriate decongestion strategy for an individual patient. In this review, we summarize the benefit and risk profiles for these decongestion strategies and provide guidance on selecting an appropriate approach for different patients. An evidence-based initial approach to congestion management involves high-dose i.v. diuretics with addition of vasodilators for dyspnoea relief if blood pressure allows. To enhance diuresis or overcome diuretic resistance, options include dual nephron blockade with thiazide diuretics or natriuretic doses of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. Vasopressin antagonists may improve aquaresis and relieve dyspnoea. If diuretic strategies are unsuccessful, then ultrafiltration may be considered. Ultrafiltration should be used with caution in the setting of worsening renal function. This review is based on discussions among scientists, clinical trialists, and regulatory representatives at the 9th Global Cardio Vascular Clinical Trialists Forum in Paris, France, from 30 November to 1 December 2012.


Assuntos
Fármacos Cardiovasculares , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Doença Aguda , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/classificação , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/uso terapêutico , Gerenciamento Clínico , Dispneia/terapia , Prática Clínica Baseada em Evidências , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Humanos , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Seleção de Pacientes , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Medição de Risco
12.
Eur J Heart Fail ; 14(6): 668-75, 2012 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22562554

RESUMO

AIMS: BAY 94-8862 is a novel, non-steroidal, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist with greater selectivity than spironolactone and stronger mineralocorticoid receptor binding affinity than eplerenone. The aims of the MinerAlocorticoid Receptor Antagonist Tolerability Study (ARTS; NCT01345656) are to evaluate the safety and tolerability of BAY 94-8862 in patients with heart failure associated with a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFREF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), and to examine the effects on biomarkers of cardiac and renal function. Methods ARTS is a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study divided into two parts. In part A, oral BAY 94-8862 [2.5, 5, or 10 mg once daily (o.d.)] is compared with placebo in ∼60 patients with HFREF and mild CKD. Outcome measures include serum potassium concentration, biomarkers of renal injury, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and albuminuria. Part B compares BAY 94-8862 (2.5, 5, or 10 mg o.d., or 5 mg twice daily), placebo, and open-label spironolactone (25-50 mg o.d.) in ∼360 patients with HFREF and moderate CKD. Outcome measures include the change in serum potassium concentration with BAY 94-8862 vs. placebo (primary endpoint) and vs. spironolactone, safety and tolerability, biomarkers of cardiac and renal function or injury, eGFR, and albuminuria. BAY 94-8862 pharmacokinetics are also assessed. Perspectives ARTS is the first phase II clinical trial of BAY 94-8862 and is expected to provide a wealth of information on BAY 94-8862 in patients with HFREF and CKD, including the optimal dose range for further studies.


Assuntos
Aldosterona/sangue , Insuficiência Cardíaca/tratamento farmacológico , Falência Renal Crônica/patologia , Antagonistas de Receptores de Mineralocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Projetos de Pesquisa , Intervalos de Confiança , Método Duplo-Cego , Eplerenona , Feminino , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Receptores de Mineralocorticoides , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Espironolactona/análogos & derivados , Espironolactona/uso terapêutico
13.
Circulation ; 124(10): 1100-6, 2011 Sep 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21844082

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) exert antiarrhythmic effects and reduce sudden cardiac death. However, their role in the prevention of atrial fibrillation remains controversial. We aimed to determine the effect of n-3 PUFAs in addition to amiodarone and a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor on the maintenance of sinus rhythm after direct current cardioversion in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm trial in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation, with at least 1 relapse after cardioversion, and treated with amiodarone and a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor. Participants were assigned to placebo or n-3 PUFAs 2 g/d and then underwent direct current cardioversion 4 weeks later. The primary end point was the probability of maintenance of sinus rhythm at 1 year after cardioversion. Of 254 screened patients, 199 were found to be eligible and randomized. At the 1-year follow up, the probability of maintenance of sinus rhythm was significantly higher in the n-3 PUFAs-treated patients compared with the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.62 [95% confidence interval, 0.52 to 0.72] and 0.36 [95% confidence interval, 0.26 to 0.46], respectively; P=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with persistent atrial fibrillation on amiodarone and a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor, the addition of n-3 PUFAs 2 g/d improves the probability of the maintenance of sinus rhythm after direct current cardioversion. Our data suggest that n-3 PUFAs may exert beneficial effects in the prevention of atrial fibrillation recurrence. Further studies are needed to confirm and expand our findings. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01198275.


Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial/prevenção & controle , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Amiodarona/uso terapêutico , Antiarrítmicos/uso terapêutico , Doença Crônica , Cardioversão Elétrica , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina/efeitos dos fármacos , Prevenção Secundária , Resultado do Tratamento
15.
J Am Coll Cardiol ; 57(7): 870-9, 2011 Feb 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21215550

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to test the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on left ventricular (LV) systolic function in chronic heart failure (HF) due to nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NICM). BACKGROUND: One hundred thirty-three patients with NICM and minimal symptoms on standard therapy were randomized to 2 g of n-3 PUFAs or placebo. LV function and functional capacity were assessed prospectively by echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise testing at baseline and at 12 months after randomization. METHODS: Patients with chronic HF due to NICM and minimal symptoms while receiving evidence-based therapy were enrolled. LV function and functional capacity were assessed prospectively by echocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise test, and New York Heart Association functional class at baseline and at 12 months after randomization to either 2 g of n-3 PUFAs or placebo. RESULTS: At 12 months after randomization, the n-3 PUFAs group and the placebo group differed significantly (p <0.001) in regard to: 1) LV ejection fraction (increased by 10.4% and decreased by 5.0%, respectively); 2) peak VO(2) (increased by 6.2% and decreased by 4.5%, respectively); 3) exercise duration (increased by 7.5% and decreased by 4.8%, respectively); and 4) mean New York Heart Association functional class (decreased from 1.88 ± 0.33 to 1.61 ± 0.49 and increased from 1.83 ± 0.38 to 2.14 ± 0.65, respectively). The hospitalization rates for HF were 6% in the n-3 PUFAs and 30% in the placebo group (p = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with NICM and minimal symptoms in response to evidence-based medical therapy, n-3 PUFAs treatment increases LV systolic function and functional capacity and may reduce hospitalizations for HF. Given these promising results, larger studies are in order to confirm our findings.


Assuntos
Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/complicações , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/farmacologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Função Ventricular Esquerda/efeitos dos fármacos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Diástole/efeitos dos fármacos , Método Duplo-Cego , Ecocardiografia , Teste de Esforço , Tolerância ao Exercício/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Volume Sistólico/efeitos dos fármacos , Sístole/efeitos dos fármacos
16.
Curr Opin Crit Care ; 16(5): 413-8, 2010 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20736830

RESUMO

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: A significant number of patients hospitalized with heart failure are malnourished. Depletion of micronutrients, which is known to occur in heart failure for a variety of reasons, may contribute to myocardial abnormalities noted in heart failure. In this review, we focus on nutritional supplementation strategies that might improve myocardial performance and, as a consequence, decrease mortality and morbidity in these patients. RECENT FINDINGS: The available data suggest that micronutrient and macronutrient supplementation may play a role in improving the myocardial metabolic abnormalities noted in heart failure. A recent trial of omega-3 fatty acid macronutrient supplementation showed a modest decrease in mortality and hospitalizations when used in patients with New York Heart Association class II-IV heart failure. SUMMARY: Recommendations for nutritional support in patients with heart failure are difficult to make due to a lack of large randomized trials. Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids, and micronutrients such as thiamine, coenzyme Q-10 and carnitine has shown promise in several studies. Since the data is not conclusive, large trials are needed to address whether these positive findings are reproducible in a wider subset of patients. In addition, these trials should study the combination of different micronutrients and macronutrients since heart failure patients are rarely deficient in just one micronutrient or macronutrient.


Assuntos
Insuficiência Cardíaca , Avaliação Nutricional , Apoio Nutricional , Cuidados Críticos , Humanos
17.
J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) ; 11(8): 563-70, 2010 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20186069

RESUMO

Hospitalization for heart failure is a major health problem with high in-hospital and postdischarge mortality and morbidity. Non-potassium-sparing diuretics (NPSDs) still remain the cornerstone of therapy for fluid management in heart failure despite the lack of large randomized trials evaluating their safety and optimal dosing regimens in both the acute and chronic setting. Recent retrospective data suggest increased mortality and re-hospitalization rates in a wide spectrum of heart failure patients receiving NPSDs, particularly at high doses. Electrolyte abnormalities, hypotension, activation of neurohormones, and worsening renal function may all be responsible for the observed poor outcomes. Although NPSD will continue to be important agents to promptly resolve signs and symptoms of heart failure, alternative therapies such as vasopressine antagonists and adenosine blocking agents or techniques like veno-venous ultrafiltration have been developed in an effort to reduce NPSD exposure and minimize their side effects. Until other new agents become available, it is probably prudent to combine NPSD with aldosterone blocking agents that are known to improve outcomes.


Assuntos
Insuficiência Cardíaca/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Simportadores de Cloreto de Sódio e Potássio/uso terapêutico , Equilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/efeitos dos fármacos , Adenosina/antagonistas & inibidores , Doenças Cardiovasculares/induzido quimicamente , Insuficiência Cardíaca/mortalidade , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Hemofiltração , Antagonistas de Hormônios/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Nefropatias/induzido quimicamente , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Inibidores de Simportadores de Cloreto de Sódio e Potássio/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Vasopressinas/antagonistas & inibidores
18.
J Am Coll Cardiol ; 54(18): 1660-73, 2009 Oct 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19850206

RESUMO

Heart failure (HF) is a common, disabling, and costly disease. Despite major advances in medical therapy, morbidity and mortality remain high, in part because current pharmacological regimens may not fully address some unique requirements of the heart for energy. The heart requires a continuous supply of energy-providing substrates and amino acids in order to maintain its function. In HF, defects in substrate metabolism and cardiac energy and substrate utilization may contribute to contractile dysfunction. HF is often accompanied by a deficiency in key micronutrients required for unimpeded energy transfer. Correcting these deficits has been proposed as a method to limit or even reverse the progressive myocyte dysfunction and/or necrosis in HF. This review summarizes the existing HF literature with respect to supplementation trials of key micronutrients involved in cardiac metabolism: coenzyme Q10, l-carnitine, thiamine, and amino acids, including taurine. Studies using a broader approach to supplementation are also considered. Although some of the results are promising, none are conclusive. There is a need for a prospective trial to examine the effects of micronutrient supplementation on morbidity and mortality in patients with HF.


Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/metabolismo , Micronutrientes/deficiência , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Insuficiência Cardíaca/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Micronutrientes/uso terapêutico
20.
Am J Cardiol ; 101(11A): 11E-15E, 2008 Jun 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18514619

RESUMO

Hypercatabolic syndrome (HS) is a biochemical state characterized by increased circulating catabolic hormones (eg, cortisol, catecholamines) and inflammatory cytokines (eg, tumor necrosis factors, interleukin-1beta), and decreased anabolic insulin effects with consequent insulin resistance. The most important metabolic consequence of HS is the skeletal and cardiac muscle protein breakdown that releases amino acids (AAs), which in turn supports indispensable body energy requirements but also reduces skeletal and cardiac physiologic and metabolic functions. HS occurs in many diseases such as diabetes mellitus, chronic heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal and liver failure, trauma, sepsis, and senescence. All of these conditions have predominant catabolic molecules with significant muscular wasting and metabolic impairment. Macronutrients such as AA supplements, taken together with conventional therapy, may maintain muscular protein metabolism and cell functions.


Assuntos
Aminoácidos/uso terapêutico , Caquexia/terapia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Administração Oral , Aminoácidos/administração & dosagem , Caquexia/metabolismo , Doença Crônica , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Gluconeogênese/fisiologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/metabolismo , Humanos , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Miócitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Síndrome
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