Interplay of Postprandial Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein Composition and Adipokines in Obese Adolescents.

In the context of the alarming rise of infant obesity and its health implications, the present research aims to uncover disruptions in postprandial lipid metabolism and the composition of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in obese adolescents. A double-blind, controlled clinical trial in the postprandial phase on 23 adolescents aged 12 to 16 years was carried out. Twelve participants were categorized as obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2 and percentile > 95) and 11 as normal-weight (BMI = 20-25 kg/m2, percentile 5-85). Blood samples were collected after a 12-h overnight fast and postprandially after consumption of a standardized breakfast containing olive oil, tomato, bread, orange juice, and skimmed milk. Obese adolescents exhibited elevated triglyceride concentrations in both fasting and postprandial states and higher TG/apo-B48 ratios, indicating larger postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) particle size, which suggests impaired clearance. Obese subjects also exhibited higher n-6 PUFA concentrations, potentially linked to increased TRL hydrolysis and the release of pro-inflammatory adipokines. In contrast, TRL from normal-weight individuals showed higher concentrations of oleic acid and DHA (n-3 PUFA), with possible anti-inflammatory effects. The results indicate an interplay involving postprandial TRL metabolism and adipokines within the context of adolescent obesity, pointing to potential cardiovascular implications in the future.

Low intakes of vitamins C and A are associated with obesity in early adulthood.

To evaluate the relationships between the intake of individual antioxidants as well as the dietary antioxidant quality score and obesity-related measures. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 562 young adults. Fat mass, fat-mass percentage, and fat-free mass were measured using a body composition analyzer. The intake of antioxidant nutrients including vitamins C, E, and A, selenium, zinc, and magnesium were calculated based on a 72-hour diet recall interview. We observed significant differences in the vitamin C (88.6 ± 72.6 mg/day vs. 70.7 ± 60.6 mg/day, p = 0.010), vitamin A (635.8 ± 519.8 µg/day vs. 492.6 ± 318.9 µg/day, p = 0.014), and selenium (135.3 ± 88.7 µg/day vs. 139.3 ± 79.3 µg/day, p = 0.034) intake between normal-weight and overweight or obese young adults. When the Dietary Antioxidant Quality Score (DAQS) was analyzed, there were no significant differences between normal-weight versus overweight or obese young adults after adjusting for confounders. Logistic regression analysis revealed that vitamin C intake (odds ratio (OR) 0.995, 95% CI 0.992-0.999, p = 0.013) and vitamin A intake (OR 0.999, 95% CI 0.999-1.000, p = 0.016) were independent predictors of overweight/obesity after adjusting for age, sex and energy intake. In contrast, a higher selenium intake was associated with an increased risk of overweight/obesity (OR 1.003, 95% CI 1.000-1.006, p = 0.034). Future longitudinal investigations of dietary antioxidant intake in relation to the development of obesity would be of interest to better understand the effect of dietary antioxidants on obesity.

Use of dietary supplements by pregnant women in Colombia.

BACKGROUND: During pregnancy, the need for certain nutrients increases. This study assessed the prevalence and socio-demographic factors associated with dietary supplement use in a representative sample of pregnant women in Colombia. METHOD: Data for this study were obtained from a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey (ENSIN, 2010). A total of 1856 pregnant women, 13-49 years of age, were recruited. The use of prenatal dietary supplements (Vitamins A, C or E) was treated as a binary outcome (used at some time or never sued during pregnancy when prescribed by a doctor) in multinomial analyses. Sociodemographic data and associated factors were assessed by computer-assisted personal interview technology. RESULTS: Of the sample, 1123 women (68.6%) reported taking prenatal dietary supplements at some stage during their pregnancy. Most users had a high socioeconomic level (79.5%), were in their third trimester of pregnancy (79.5%), were 30-49 years of age (74.0%), and lived in the central region of Colombia (73.8%). The multivariate logistic regression showed that third trimester of pregnancy (OR 6.2;95% CI 4.0 to 9.3), high educational level (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.5 to 3.4), high socioeconomic level -SISBEN IV or more- (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.4 to 2.8), residence in the Atlantic region (north) (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.7 to 3.6), Eastern region (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.3 to 3.1), central region (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.7 to 3.9), Pacific region (west) (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.0 to 2.3), and belonging to the mestizo (others) ethnic group (OR 1.2; 95% CI 1.0 to 2.6), were all associated with a higher probability of dietary supplement intake. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of prenatal dietary supplements in pregnant women in Colombia was found to be substantial. The variables significantly associated with their use were educational level, socioeconomic level, trimester of pregnancy, geographic level and ethnic group. These results indicate the necessity of implementing new health policies that guarantee uniform access to nutritional supplements for all population sectors, especially in countries, such as Colombia, who are currently undergoing a process of nutritional transition.

A randomized controlled trial of the effect of a photographic display with and without music on pre-operative anxiety.

AIMS: To determine the effectiveness of photographic display at reducing pre-operative anxiety in an ear, nose and throat surgery unit; alone and in combination with music. BACKGROUND: The waiting time prior to the surgery is often unpleasant and a time of anxiety for patients. Anxiety can affect physical recovery and psychological well-being; lengthening convalescence and hospital stay after the surgery. Improving pre-operative anxiety is a challenge with potential impacts on improving patients' satisfaction and well-being and decreasing the cost of care. DESIGN: A clinical trial was conducted with two intervention groups and one control group. METHODS: The sample consisted of 180 subjects from the otolaryngology major ambulatory surgery unit in a tertiary hospital in the province of Granada, with 60 subjects per group. The outcome variables measured were state anxiety, heart and respiratory rate and blood pressure. The data were collected from May-December 2013. RESULTS: After the intervention, in the comparison between control group and photographic display group, all variables had lower means in the intervention group, although a significant P value was only obtained for respiratory rate using one-way anova test. When comparing control group and photographic display combined with music group, using one-way anova test, all mean values were lower in the intervention group and a significant P value were observed for all variables except diastolic blood pressure. CONCLUSION: Photographic display in combination with music is more effective at reducing pre-operative anxiety than the standard intervention and photographic display alone.

Factores sociodemográficos y seguimiento prenatal asociados a la mortalidad perinatal en gestantes de Colombia / Sociodemographic factors and adequacy of prenatal care associated perinatal mortality in Colombian pregnant women

Introducción: el adecuado seguimiento clínico y el cumplimiento de los requerimientos nutricionales, son aspectos esenciales para el adecuado desarrollo fetal y la culminación exitosa del embarazo. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la asociación entre los factores sociodemográficos y el seguimiento prenatal asociados a la mortalidad perinatal en gestantes de Colombia. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo y transversal secundario a la información obtenida en la Encuesta Nacional de la Situación Nutricional 2010 (ENSIN 2010) y la Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud (ENDS 2010), en 14.754 mujeres gestantes de entre 13 y 44 años de edad. Los factores sociodemográficos: sexo del recién nacido, región geográfica (atlántica, oriental, central, pacífica, Bogotá, territorios nacionales), nivel socioeconómico- Sisbén (I al VI) y área geográfica (cabecera municipal, centro poblado, población dispersa), el seguimiento prenatal (control de peso, altura uterina, presión arterial, fetocardia, bioquímica sanguínea, análisis de orina) y la suplementación con hierro, calcio y ácido fólico se recogieron a través de una encuesta estructurada. Se establecieron asociaciones mediante la construcción de modelos de regresión logística binaria simple y multivariable. Resultados: de las variables sociodemográficas, residir en centros poblados, región oriental o pacífica, y pertenecer al nivel Sisbén I, son las que mostraron mayor frecuencia de muerte perinatal, con valores de 1,7%, 1,5%, 1,4% y 1,4%, respectivamente. Tras ajustar por sexo del recién nacido, área, región geográfica y puntaje de Sisbén, se encontró que un inadecuado seguimiento en el control del peso (OR 5,12), la presión arterial (OR 5,18), la bioquímica sanguínea (OR 2,19) y la suplementación con hierro (OR 2,09), calcio (OR 1,73) y ácido fólico (OR 2,73) se asociaron como factores predisponentes a la mortalidad perinatal. Conclusiones: la mortalidad perinatal cambia según los factores sociodemográficos y el seguimiento prenatal estudiados. El Estado podría usar los resultados de este estudio para fomentar intervenciones que mejoren el seguimiento prenatal durante la gestación (AU)

Background: an adequate monitoring and the compliance of the nutritional requirements are essential for fetal development and successful control of pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to determine the association between sociodemographic factors and the pre-birth monitoring associated with perinatal mortality in pregnant women from Colombia. Methods: this was a cross-sectional analysis from the 2010 Colombian Demographic and Health Survey and the National Nutritional Survey that included 14 754 pregnant women between 13 and 44 years old. Sociodemographic factors included: new born sex, geographic region, socioeconomic status (SISBEN), pre-birth monitoring (weight control, uterus height, blood pressure, fetal cardiac activity, biochemistry essays, urine analysis) and the supplementation of iron, calcium and folic acid, were collected by structured questionnaire. Associations were established through multivariable and binary regression models. Results: sociodemographic factors such as living in high-density cities, pacific and western regions and low socioeconomic status (SISBEN I) showed a highest perinatal mortality with rates of 1.7%, 1.5%, 1.4% and 1.4%, respectively. After adjustment by new born sex, geographic region and SISBEN score, an adequate monitoring of weight control (OR = 5.12), blood pressure (OR = 5.18), biochemistry essays (OR = 2.19), supplementation of iron (OR = 2.09), calcium (OR=1.73) and folic acid (OR = 2.73) were associated as facilitators of perinatal mortality. Conclusions: perinatal mortality is determined by the sociodemographic factors and pre-birth follow-up included in this study. Government and decision makers can take these results to garbage actions aiming to improve pregnancy monitoring (AU)

[SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AND ADEQUACY OF PRENATAL CARE ASSOCIATED PERINATAL MORTALITY IN COLOMBIAN PREGNANT WOMEN]. / FACTORES SOCIODEMOGRÁFICOS Y SEGUIMIENTO PRENATAL ASOCIADOS A LA MORTALIDAD PERINATAL EN GESTANTES DE COLOMBIA.

BACKGROUND: an adequate monitoring and the compliance of the nutritional requirements are essential for fetal development and successful control of pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to determine the association between sociodemographic factors and the pre-birth monitoring associated with perinatal mortality in pregnant women from Colombia. METHODS: this was a cross-sectional analysis from the 2010 Colombian Demographic and Health Survey and the National Nutritional Survey that included 14 754 pregnant women between 13 and 44 years old. Sociodemographic factors included: new born sex, geographic region, socioeconomic status (SISBEN), pre-birth monitoring (weight control, uterus height, blood pressure, fetal cardiac activity, biochemistry essays, urine analysis) and the supplementation of iron, calcium and folic acid, were collected by structured questionnaire. Associations were established through multivariable and binary regression models. RESULTS: sociodemographic factors such as living in high-density cities, pacific and western regions and low socioeconomic status (SISBEN I) showed a highest perinatal mortality with rates of 1.7%, 1.5%, 1.4% and 1.4%, respectively. After adjustment by new born sex, geographic region and SISBEN score, an adequate monitoring of weight control (OR = 5.12), blood pressure (OR = 5.18), biochemistry essays (OR = 2.19), supplementation of iron (OR = 2.09), calcium (OR=1.73) and folic acid (OR = 2.73) were associated as facilitators of perinatal mortality. CONCLUSIONS: perinatal mortality is determined by the sociodemographic factors and pre-birth follow-up included in this study. Government and decision makers can take these results to garbage actions aiming to improve pregnancy monitoring.

Introducción: el adecuado seguimiento clínico y el cumplimiento de los requerimientos nutricionales, son aspectos esenciales para el adecuado desarrollo fetal y la culminación exitosa del embarazo. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la asociación entre los factores sociodemográficos y el seguimiento prenatal asociados a la mortalidad perinatal en gestantes de Colombia. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo y transversal secundario a la información obtenida en la Encuesta Nacional de la Situación Nutricional 2010 (ENSIN 2010) y la Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud (ENDS 2010), en 14.754 mujeres gestantes de entre 13 y 44 años de edad. Los factores sociodemográficos: sexo del recién nacido, región geográfica (atlántica, oriental, central, pacífica, Bogotá, territorios nacionales), nivel socioeconómico- Sisbén (I al VI) y área geográfica (cabecera municipal, centro poblado, población dispersa), el seguimiento prenatal (control de peso, altura uterina, presión arterial, fetocardia, bioquímica sanguínea, análisis de orina) y la suplementación con hierro, calcio y ácido fólico se recogieron a través de una encuesta estructurada. Se establecieron asociaciones mediante la construcción de modelos de regresión logística binaria simple y multivariable. Resultados: de las variables sociodemográficas, residir en centros poblados, región oriental o pacífica, y pertenecer al nivel Sisbén I, son las que mostraron mayor frecuencia de muerte perinatal, con valores de 1,7%, 1,5%, 1,4% y 1,4%, respectivamente. Tras ajustar por sexo del recién nacido, área, región geográfica y puntaje de Sisbén, se encontró que un inadecuado seguimiento en el control del peso (OR 5,12), la presión arterial (OR 5,18), la bioquímica sanguínea (OR 2,19) y la suplementación con hierro (OR 2,09), calcio (OR 1,73) y ácido fólico (OR 2,73) se asociaron como factores predisponentes a la mortalidad perinatal. Conclusiones: la mortalidad perinatal cambia según los factores sociodemográficos y el seguimiento prenatal estudiados. El Estado podría usar los resultados de este estudio para fomentar intervenciones que mejoren el seguimiento prenatal durante la gestación.

Análisis de conocimientos, hábitos y destrezas en una población diabética infantil: Intervención de Enfermería / Analysis of knowledge, habits and skills in a diabetic population childhood: nursing intervention

Introducción: Numerosos estudios han tratado de verificar la eficacia de una intervención educativa en pacientes diabéticos tipo 1 (DM1). Objetivos: Analizar los conocimientos previos a la intervención educativa sobre hábitos alimentarios y ejercicio físico, comprobar una posible mejora del nivel de estos conocimientos tras la intervención y verificar la adquisición de destrezas relacionadas con el autoanálisis y la autoinyección. Metodología: Se incluyeron 32 pacientes con DM1 de entre 4 y 14 años de Melilla. Mediante un cuestionario se analizaron los conocimientos sobre alimentación y ejercicio físico, y los hábitos sobre los mismos, mediante cuestionario KrecePlus. Se realizó una intervención educativa y se analizaron nuevamente dichos conocimientos, así como las destrezas adquiridas sobre autoanálisis y autoinyección con un nuevo cuestionario. Resultados: En relación a los conocimientos sobre dieta y ejercicio físico, se alcanzó una mejora significativa (p<0,0001) tras la intervención. Igualmente, los resultados mostraron una mejora en los hábitos de alimentación y ejercicio físico. El estudio de destrezas sobre autoanálisis y autoinyección reveló que los sujetos eran independientes en los procesos de autoanálisis de glucemia y autoinyección de insulina tras la intervención. Conclusión: Una intervención educativa llevada a cabo por enfermeras especializadas constituye un procedimiento efectivo para mejorar y aumentar los conocimientos de pacientes con DM1 sobre alimentación, ejercicio físico y sobre la propia enfermedad, así como un incentivo para adquirir hábitos saludables respecto a alimentación y ejercicio físico (AU)

Introduction: Large researches have tried to verify the efficiency of the educational intervention in patients suffering from type 1 diabetes (T1D). Objectives: Analyzing the initial knowledge about diet habits and physical exercise, confirming a possible improvement of the level of this knowledge after the educational intervention and verifying the acquisition of skills related to self-analysis and self-injection. Methodology: 32 subjects with T1D, from 4 to 14 years old in Melilla were included. The knowledge about diet and physical exercise were analyzed using a questionnaire. Diet habits were evaluated using the KrecePlus questionnaire. An educational intervention was offered and that knowledge was analysed again, as well as the skills acquired about self-analysis and self-injection with a new questionnaire. Results: After the intervention, the knowledge about diet and physical exercise significantly improved (p <0,0001). The results also showed an improvement in diet habits and physical exercise. The study of self-analysis and self-injection skills evidenced that the subjects were independent in the processes of blood glucose self-analysis and insulin self-injection. Conclusion: An educational intervention developed by a nurse is an effective procedure to improve and increase the knowledge about diet, physical exercise and about the disease in diabetic type 1 diabetic, as well as an incentive to acquire healthy habits about diet and physical exercise (AU)

Effectiveness of controlled breathing techniques on anxiety and depression in hospitalized patients with COPD: a randomized clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: Anxiety and depression are prevalent comorbidities in patients with COPD. Breathing techniques can improve anxiety and depression in patients hospitalized for COPD exacerbation. METHODS: We conducted a randomized clinical study with 46 male subjects, 67-86 years old, hospitalized with acute COPD exacerbation. Subjects were randomly and equally divided into a control group and a controlled breathing intervention group. We measured baseline and post-intervention dyspnea, anxiety and depression, quality of life (with the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire and the European Quality of Life questionnaire), maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressure, hand-grip strength, and sleep quality. The cohort had high dyspnea and low overall quality of life. RESULTS: Controlled breathing techniques significantly improved dyspnea, anxiety, and mobility. All the measured variables improved in the intervention group. The control group had poorer values in all the variables after the hospitalization period. CONCLUSIONS: Controlled breathing exercises improve anxiety and depression in patients hospitalized for COPD exacerbation. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01826682).

Angiosarcoma de mama: a propósito de un caso / Angiosarcoma of the breast: apropos of one case

El angiosarcoma de mama constituye una neoplasia vascular maligna muy poco frecuente en la mama, con una incidencia inferior al 0,05 por ciento de entre todos los tumores primarios que asientan en la mama. Teniendo en cuenta que su edad de aparición es a partir de la tercera-cuarta década de la vida, resulta preocupante la aparición de casos a edades cada vez más tempranas. Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente de 25 años de edad con antecedente de fibroma mamario benigno desde los 17 años que degenera en un angiosarcoma mamario...

Breast Angiosarcoma is a malignant vascular neoplasm rare in the breast with an incidence of less than 0.05 percent of all primary tumors in the breast that seat. Given its age of onset is from the third to fourth decade of life, it is disturbing to the occurrence of increasingly early ages. We describe the case of a patient 25 years old with a history of benign breast fibroid from the 17 years that degenerates into a breast angiosarcoma...

Fitoestrógenos y sus efectos sobre la osteoporosis en la mujer posmenopáusica / Phytoestrogens and their effects on osteoporosis in postmenopausal women

Los fitoestrógenos son sustancias de origen vegetal con efecto estrogénico débil, de inhibición enzimática y antioxidante. Desde un punto de vista clínico, se han barajado como una alternativa de tratamiento en la mujer menopáusica y sus síntomas asociados. Teniendo en cuenta que los estrógenos son los principales responsables del mantenimiento de la masa ósea en la mujer, inhibiendo la resorción ósea a través de su interacción con los osteoblastos, la reducción de sus niveles durante la menopausia constituirá un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de osteoporosis en la mujer posmenopáusica. En este sentido, cabe plantearse si la terapia con fitoestrógenos constituye o no una herramienta terapéutica por su potencial efecto estrogénico en la prevención de la osteoporosis posmenopáusica. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido proporcionar una revisión amplia y precisa acerca de la evidencia científica existente por el momento en torno al papel de los fitoestrógenos en la prevención de la osteoporosis en la mujer posmenopáusica y sus implicaciones en la clínica (AU)

Phytoestrogens are plant substances with a weak estrogenic effect, an enzyme inhibitory effect and antioxidant activity. The possibility of using them for menopause associated symptoms has been entertained. Given that estrogens are primarily responsible for maintaining bone mass in women by inhibiting bone resorption through their interaction with osteoblasts, reducing estrogen levels during menopause constitutes a risk factor for developing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. In view of this, the question arises as to whether phytoestrogens, due to their potential estrogenic effect, constitute or not a therapeutic tool in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive, accurate review on the available scientific evidence regarding the role of phytoestrogens in preventing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and its implications in clinical practice (AU)