Innovative multiple nanoemulsion (W/O/W) based on Chilean honeybee pollen improves their permeability, antioxidant and antibacterial activity.

Beehive derivatives, including honeybee pollen (HBP), have been extensively studied for their beneficial health properties and potential therapeutic use. Its high polyphenol content gives it excellent antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Today its use is limited due to poor organoleptic properties, low solubility, stability, and permeability under physiological conditions. A novel edible multiple W/O/W nanoemulsion (BP-MNE) to encapsulate the HBP extract was designed and optimized to overcome these limitations. The new BP-MNE has a small size (∼100 nm), a zeta potential greater than +30 mV, and efficiently encapsulated phenolic compounds (∼82%). BP-MNE stability was measured under simulated physiological conditions and storage conditions (4 months); in both cases, stability was promoted. The formulation's antioxidant and antibacterial (Streptococcus pyogenes) activity was analyzed, obtaining a higher effect than the non-encapsulated compounds in both cases. In vitro permeability was tested, observing a high permeability of the phenolic compounds when they are nanoencapsulated. With these results, we propose our BP-MNE as an innovative solution to encapsulate complex matrices, such as HBP extract, as a platform to develop functional foods.

The antihypertensive and diuretic effect of crude root extract and saponins from Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam., in L-NAME-induced hypertension in rats.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam., is used in Paraguayan folk medicine claiming antihypertensive and diuretic properties. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to determine the influence of chronic oral administration of the crude root extract and saponins obtained from S. sisymbriifolium Lam., on the blood pressure of male and female rats with hypertension induced by L-NAME, and its consequences on diuresis, the body weight, blood glucose, and level of serum parameters of liver and kidney functionality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven male, and seven female groups (8 animals each), which received as 6-week pretreatment, 0.9% saline solution (two groups; 0.1mL/10 g of b.w.), L-arginine (100.0 mg/kg/day), enalapril (15.0 mg/kg/day), crude extract (CESs 100.0 mg/kg/day), and saponin purified fraction (1.0, and 10.0 mg/kg/day), and treated with L-NAME (20 mg/kg/day/i.p.) twice, 1, and 6 h after pre-treatment. The animals' body weight, glycemia, and blood pressure were recorded weekly, while serum, hepatic, renal, and histological parameters were analyzed at the end of 6-week of treatment. RESULTS: A protective effect of CESs (100.0 mg/kg/day), and saponins (1.0, and 10.0 mg/kg/day) against hypertension induced by L-NAME was verified in the systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure values, which were significantly lower than the positive L-NAME-hypertensive control group (male and female) at the end of the 6-week treatment. Also, pretreatment with enalapril (15.0 mg/kg/day) induced an efficient protective activity, which validates the method used. Likewise, the volume of urine, creatinine, uric acid, urea, and electrolyte excretion was enhanced at the end of 6-week of treatment in concordance with the reduction in serum level of the same parameters, compatible with the improvement of the diuretic activity. The glycemia, body weight, heart rate, and functional hepato-renal parameters were not modified after a 6-week of treatment, in comparison to the control group, indicating relatively acceptable harmless properties of CESs and saponins. Interestingly, the HDL level in females was increased in contrast to male rats by chronic saponins treatment when compared with the negative control group. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that either the increment in blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, and median) or cardiorenal remodeling effects in male and female rats submitted to L-NAME-induced hypertensive condition, were prevented and well-preserved without a significant variation during a period of 6-week of pretreatment with CESs and saponins pretreatments. Likewise, an important diuretic effect was revealed after this period of treatment.

In vitro ovicidal activity of Brongniartia montalvoana against small ruminant gastrointestinal nematodes.

Several plants of the Fabaceae family have been assessed regarding their high nutritional value and anthelmintic properties. The ovicidal effect of the hydroalcoholic extract (Bm-HAE) and subfractions from the aerial parts of Brongniartia montalvoana (Fabaceae) against a mixed strain of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) (Haemonchus spp., Trichostrongylus spp. and Oesophagostomum spp.) resistant to albendazole sulfoxide, ivermectin and levamisole was evaluated by the egg hatch test (EHT). The Bm-HAE was subjected to liquid-liquid chemical separation with ethyl acetate giving two fractions, an aqueous (Bm-Aq) and an organic (Bm-EtOAct). The purification of the bioactive fraction (Bm-EtOAct) through chromatographic separation resulted in four bioactive subfractions (BmR6, BmR7, BmR8 and BmR10). The treatments were designed as follows: Bm-HAE at 800, 1,500, 3,000 and 6,000 µg/mL, and Bm-Aq, Bm-EtOAct and subfractions (BmR6, BmR7, BmR8 and BmR10) at 100, 200, 400 and 800 µg/mL. Two properly negative controls (distilled water and 2% methanol) and thiabendazole (100 µg/mL) as a positive control were used for each bioassay. The chemical identification of the extract, fractions and subfractions was performed through chromatographic processes like open column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-PDA). Additionally, the GIN eggs exposed to the bioactive compounds were observed through confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The Bm-HAE showed 99.5% egg hatching inhibition (EHI) at 6,000 µg/mL with a lethal concentration (LC50) of 1110 µg/mL. The Bm-EtOAc fraction displayed 99.1% EHI at 800 µg/mL with LC50 = 180 µg/mL. The ovicidal activity of the four subfractions was similar at 800 µg/mL: BmR6 (92% EHI); BmR7 (100% EHI); BmR8 (97.8%); and BmR10 (99.1%). The HPLC-PDA analysis of the bioactive subfractions allowed identification of p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and coumarin derivatives as major compounds. The CLSM analysis allowed observation of morphological alterations in unhatched larvae caused by bioactive compounds present in the Bm-EtOAc and BmR10. In addition, the flavonoids eriodyctiol, luteolin and cynaroside were described for the first time for B. montalvoana.

Biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles as potent antibacterial effective against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most worrisome infectious bacteria due to its intrinsic and acquired resistance against several antibiotics and the recalcitrance of its infections; hence, the development of novel antimicrobials effective against multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa is mandatory. In this work, silver nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis using a leaf extract and fungi were tested against a battery of clinical strains from cystic fibrosis, pneumonia and burnt patients, some of them with multidrug resistance. Both nanoparticles showed a potent antibacterial effect, causing severe damage to the cell wall, membrane and DNA, and inducing the production of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, the nanoparticles derived from fungi showed synergistic antibacterial effects with the antibiotics meropenem and levofloxacin for some clinical strains and both kinds of nanoparticles were nontoxic for larvae of the moth Galleria mellonella, encouraging further research for their implementation in the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections.

Effectiveness of Child-Focused Interventions for Externalizing Behavior: a Rapid Evidence Review.

Parent behavior management training (BMT) is well established as an effective, evidence-based treatment for children with externalizing behavior. Despite the wealth of data supporting BMT, many community providers use a variety of child-focused and non-directive interventions to target behavior problems. There is lack of clarity as to whether the evidence supporting child-focused externalizing treatments is sufficiently compelling to support offering these treatments rather than or in addition to BMT. This rapid evidence review compares the effectiveness of BMT with several common child-focused interventions for externalizing behavior including cognitive behavioral (CBT), social skill (SS), and play/dynamic (PT) approaches. PubMed, PsychINFO, and Web of Science were searched for English-language articles from year 2000 onwards for each intervention type. Inclusion criteria were child age (12 and under), presence of a child-focused behavioral treatment condition, and externalizing behavior as an outcome variable. A total of 30 studies met inclusion criteria and were coded (13 CBT, 10 SS, 7 PT). Results supported social skills interventions with accompanying BMT as effective in improving externalizing problems, with generally moderate effect sizes. Individual social skills interventions were promising but needing further evaluation compared to treatment as usual. CBT treatments with and without accompanying BMT showed moderate effects over waitlist but produced less consistently significant effects compared to more robust controls. Play therapy approaches showed inconsistent effects and require further evaluation. This review supports social skills plus BMT treatments as a child-focused intervention with probable efficacy for child externalizing problems. Implications for policy and community practice are discussed.

Selenium and impaired physical function in US and Spanish older adults.

BACKGROUND: Selenium (Se) is a trace element with a narrow safety margin. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the cross-sectional and longitudinal dose-response association between Se exposure and measures of impaired physical function and disability in older adults. DESIGN: NHANES 2011-2014 cross-sectional (US, n = 1733, age ≥60 years) and Seniors-ENRICA-2 2017-2019 cross-sectional and longitudinal (Spain, n = 2548 and 1741, respectively, age ≥65 years) data were analyzed. Whole blood and serum Se levels were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Lower-extremity performance was assessed with the Short Physical Performance Battery, and muscle weakness with a dynamometer. Incident mobility and agility limitations, and disability in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were ascertained with standardized questionnaires. Analyses were adjusted for relevant confounders, including physical activity. Results across studies were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: Meta-analyzed odds ratios (95% confidence interval) per log2 increase in whole blood Se were 0.54 (0.32; 0.76) for weakness, 0.59 (0.34; 0.83) for impaired lower-extremity performance, 0.48 (0.31; 0.68) for mobility limitations, 0.71 (0.45; 0.97) for agility limitations, and 0.34 (0.12; 0.56) for disability in at least one IADL. Analyses for serum Se in NHANES showed similar results. Findings suggest the inverse association with grip strength is progressive below 140 µg/L (p-value for non-linear trend in the Seniors-ENRICA-2 study = 0.13), and above 140 µg/L (p-value for non-linear trend in NHANES = 0.11). In the Seniors-ENRICA-2 cohort, with a 2.2 year follow-up period, a doubling in baseline Se levels were associated with a lower incidence of weakness [odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.45 (0.22; 0.91)], impaired lower-extremity performance [0.63 (0.32; 1.23)], mobility [0.43 (0.21; 0.91)] and agility [0.38 (0.18; 0.78)] limitations. DISCUSSION: In US and Spanish older adults, Se concentrations were inversely associated with physical function limitations. Further studies are needed to elucidate underlying mechanisms.

Effects of functional oils on performance and carcass characteristics of broilers under two different temperature environments.

As antioxidants such as some functional oils are good candidates to mitigate heat stress, a commercial blend of functional oils (Essential, Oligo Basics USA LLC, Cary, NC; active ingredients: cashew nut shell oil and castor oil) was used to study the effects of two ambient temperatures (moderate and high) on broiler chicken performance and carcass parameters. A total of 2,240 straight-run one-day-old chickens were sorted by weight, randomized among 28 floor pens with 80 chickens per pen and 7 replicates for each treatment. Birds were assigned to one of 4 dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two temperature environments (moderate and high) and without or with Essential supplementation (1.5 kg/ton). Variances for the average temperature, relative humidity, and dew point for the two environments were different (P < 0.001), showing that the high-temperature environment reached higher temperatures and dew points. Essential supplementation increased body weight gain at 42 D of age (2.548 vs. 2.508 kg; P < 0.01) and tended to improve feed conversion (1.621 vs. 1.644; P = 0.09) independent of temperature environment. The high-temperature environment increased mortality (7.5 vs. 12.4%; P = 0.03) and carcass yields (77.5 vs. 76.2%; P < 0.01). Breast yields were affected by an environment by Essential interaction (P < 0.01). Whereas the high-temperature environment decreased breast yield in control birds, it did not decrease breast yield in birds supplemented with Essential. Finally, breast yields were increased by Essential supplementation (23.6 vs. 22.9%; P < 0.01) regardless of the ambient temperature. In conclusion, Essential supplementation improved weight gains and carcass characteristics, and high-temperature environments decreased breast yields when Essential was not supplemented.

Evaluation of a new generation phytase on phytate phosphorus release for egg production and tibia strength in hens fed a corn-soybean meal diet.

To test the effect of several inclusion levels of Citrobacter braakii phytase (CBP), on phytate P release, 420 50-wk-old-Bovans White hens were randomly allocated to 7 treatments with 5 replicates of 12 hens each. The experimental period lasted 12 weeks, first 8 for adaptation and last 4 for data collection. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Treatments were: (1) a 0.12% basal corn-soybean meal diet deficient only in non-phytate P. Treatments 2 and 3 were added with constant increases of 0.11% inorganic P, to get a linear hen response to P addition. Treatments 4 to 7 were the addition of 300; 600; 1,200; and 1,800 phytase units (FYT)/kg to the basal diet. Variables analyzed were hen productive performance (HPP) and tibia resistance to fracture (TRF), and mineral content. Data were analyzed as a Complete Randomized Design (CRD). The results from treatments 1 to 3 were analyzed by a regression model to test for a significant linear response (P < 0.05). Then for every level of CBP added (treatments 4 to 7), the linear regression equation was solved to find out the equivalent value of released P. Based on hen health and welfare, the response variables that yielded realistic P equivalence values for the CBP levels used in the present trial were the tibia data. Following the significant (P < 0.001) linear response, the equations; TRF, kg (Y = 28.16X + 17.42 R2 = 0.84); Tibia Ca, % (Y = 11.6X + 14.2 R2 = 0.80); Tibia P, % (Y = 11.6X + 6.1 R2 = 0.81); and T ash, % (Y = 33.3X + 38.1 R2 = 0.80). Under the experimental conditions of this trial, the HPP variables were not a sensitive parameter to measure P release; whereas, tibia parameters showed the following average P release values per level of CBP inclusion in the corn- soybean meal diet; 300 FYT/kg = 0.099%, 600 FYT/kg = 0.141%, 1,200 FYT/kg = 0.182%, and 1,800 FYT/kg = 0.198%.

Colloidal synthesis of biocompatible iron disulphide nanocrystals.

The aim of this research was to synthesis biocompatible iron disulphide nanocrystals at different reaction temperatures using the colloidal synthesis methodology. Synthesis was conducted at the 220-240 °C range of reaction temperatures at intervals of 5 °C in an inert argon atmosphere. The toxicity of iron disulphide nanocrystals was evaluated in vitro using mouse fibroblast cell line. Two complementary assays were conducted: the first to evaluate cell viability of the fibroblast via an MTT assay and the second to determine the preservation of fibroblast nuclei integrity through DAPI staining, which labels nuclear DNA in fluorescence microscopes. Through TEM and HRTEM, we observed a cubic morphology of pyrite iron disulphide nanocrystals ranging in sizes 25-50 nm (225 °C), 50-70 nm (230 °C) and >70 nm (235 °C). Through X-ray diffraction, we observed a mixture of pyrite and pyrrohotite in the samples synthesized at 225 °C and 240 °C, showing the best photocatalytic activity at 80% and 65%, respectively, for the degradation of methylene blue after 120 minutes. In all experimental groups, iron disulphide nanocrystals were biocompatible, i.e. no statistically significant differences were observed between experimental groups as shown in a one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. Based on all of these results, we recommend non-cytotoxic semiconductor iron sulphide nanocrystals for biomedical applications.

SEOM Clinical Guideline for the treatment of pancreatic cancer (2016)

Pancreatic cancer remains an aggressive disease with a 5 year survival rate of 5%. Only 15% of patients with pancreatic cancer are eligible for radical surgery. Evidence suggests a benefit on survival with adjuvant chemotherapy (gemcitabine o fluourouracil) after R1/R0 resection. Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy is also a valid option in patients with positive margins. Borderline resectable pancreatic cancer is defined as the involvement of the mesenteric vasculature with a limited extension. These tumors are technically resectable, but with a high risk of positive margins. Neoadjuvant treatment represents the best option for achieving an R0 resection. In advanced disease, two new chemotherapy treatment schemes (Folfirinox or Gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel) have showed improvements in overall survival compared with gemcitabine alone. Progress in pancreatic cancer treatment will require a better knowledge of the molecular biology of this disease, focusing on personalized cancer therapies in the near future (AU)

No disponible

Progressive increase of resistance in Enterobacteriaceae urinary isolates from kidney transplant recipients over the past decade: narrowing of the therapeutic options.

BACKGROUND: Antibiotic resistance is an emerging phenomenon in kidney transplantation (KT). METHODS: We compared species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in 1052 isolates from urine cultures obtained in 2 different cohorts of kidney transplant recipients in a single center (Cohort A: 189 patients undergoing KT between January 2002 and December 2004 [336 isolates]; Cohort B: 115 patients undergoing KT between January 2011 and December 2013 [716 isolates]). RESULTS: Asymptomatic bacteriuria accounted for most of the isolates (86.9% in Cohort A and 92.3% in Cohort B). Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.5% vs. 15.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.8% vs. 7.9%), and Enterobacter cloacae (0.6% vs. 3.1%) were significantly more common in Cohort B. The isolation of K. pneumoniae in Cohort B was associated with the occurrence of acute pyelonephritis (9.8% of all K. pneumoniae isolates vs. 2.8% of the remaining uropathogens; P = 0.001). Non-susceptibility rates among Enterobacteriaceae in Cohort B were higher for every class of antibiotics (P ≤ 0.003) with the exception of fosfomycin. Compared to Cohort A, significant increases were seen in isolates from Cohort B for multidrug-resistant (MDR) (43.9% vs. 67.8%, respectively; P = 0.001), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing (6.6% vs. 26.1%; P = 0.001), and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains (0.0% vs. 5.0%; P = 0.001). Such differences were mostly attributable to K. pneumoniae (as 54.5% and 13.4% of isolates in Cohort B were ESBL-producing and carbapenemase-producing, respectively). MDR isolates were responsible for 69.1% of episodes of symptomatic urinary tract infection in Cohort B. CONCLUSION: The increase in resistance rates among Enterobacteriaceae uropathogens is significant and may have an effect on KT programs.

Does the menopausal status of female gynecologists affect their prescription of menopausal hormone therapy?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether menopausal status and symptoms among female gynecologists would influence their clinical behavior related to menopausal hormone therapy (MHT). METHODS: Female gynecologists of 11 Latin American countries were requested to fill out the Menopause Rating Scale and a questionnaire containing personal information and that related to MHT use. RESULTS: A total of 818 gynecologists accepted to participate (86.4%). Overall, the mean age was 45.0 ± 10.7 years, 32.2% were postmenopausal, and 17.6% worked in an academic position; 81.8% reported that they would use MHT if they have symptoms, regardless of menopausal status. Academic gynecologists favor personal MHT use at a higher rate (p = 0.04) and have a higher MHT prescription rate as compared to non-academic ones (p = 0.0001). The same trend was observed among post- as compared to premenopausal ones (p = 0.01) and among those who had hysterectomy alone as compared to those experiencing natural menopause (p = 0.002). The presence of menopausal symptoms did not influence their MHT prescription. Current use of MHT and alternative therapy was higher among post- than premenopausal gynecologists (both, p = 0.0001) and among those who had undergone hysterectomy than those experiencing natural menopause. A 38.5% perceived breast cancer as the main risk related to MHT, and a high proportion prescribed non-hormonal drugs (86.4%) or alternative therapies (84.5%). CONCLUSION: Most female gynecologists in this survey would use MHT if menopausal symptoms were present. Postmenopausal physicians use MHT and prescribe it to their symptomatic patients at a higher rate than premenopausal physicians.

Proceso de atención integrada para niños con necesidades especiales (PAINNE) / Process for integrated care for children with special needs (PAINNE)

Introducción y objetivos: la prevención de las deficiencias infantiles resulta más eficiente cuando coordinamos recursos, implicamos a los profesionales e incorporamos herramientas para la detección e intervención temprana en las deficiencias infantiles y en situaciones de riesgo biológico, psicológico y/o social. Material y métodos: presentamos los primeros resultados de la implantación del Proceso de atención integrada en niños con necesidades especiales (PAINNE), de la Organización Sanitaria Integrada Bilbao-Basurto (Bilbao, España), siguiendo el modelo de atención temprana del País Vasco, en una población de 20 655 menores de seis años. Aplicando metodología cualitativa, incorporamos nuevos datos básicos del paciente sobre desarrollo infantil en la historia clínica electrónica, junto con los indicadores del proceso, recogidos en la guía PAINNE 2013. Resultados: el 75% de los pediatras y el 56% de los profesionales de enfermería participaron previamente en actividades de formación en atención temprana. Las propuestas desde los equipos de Pediatría se validaron por el equipo técnico de valoración en atención temprana de la Diputación Foral de Bizkaia (EVAT), en el 93,27% de los casos. La edad media de derivación a salud mental infantil descendió en ocho meses, hasta los tres años, en casos de enfermedad mental grave, mejorando el diagnóstico precoz y el inicio de los programas de intervención. Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos en el primer año indican que los equipos de Pediatría se consolidan como gestores válidos de 516 niños con necesidades especiales de salud en programas de atención temprana entre 0 y 6 años (AU)

Introduction and objectives: the prevention of childhood deficits is more efficient when resources are coordinated amongst the professionals responsible for the child's care and screening tools are utilized to detect and provide early intervention to address situations of biological, psychological, and/or social risk. Material and methods: we present the initial results of the implementation of the process for integrated care for children with special needs, PAINNE, in the integrated health organization Bilbao-Basurto, following the model of early intervention in the Basque Country, with a population of 20 655 children under the age of 6 years old. Applying the qualitative methodology, we have incorporated developmental screening tools in the electronic medical record, along with the other process indicators, as described in the guide PAINNE 2013. Results: 75% of the pediatricians and 56% of the nurses participated in continuing educational activities regarding early intervention. The referrals for early intervention were accepted in 93.27% of the cases by the Basque Early Intervention Team (EVAT). The median age for referral to mental health services for children with severe mental health problems decreased by 8 months to 3 years old, showing improvement in the early detection and implementation of services. Conclusions: the results obtained in the first year indicated that the Pediatric Primary Care teams have reliably identified and referred 516 children with special needs, ages 0-6 years, to early intervention programs (AU)

Servicio de Pediatría del Hospital de Basurto 1903-2015: desde una atención de beneficiencia a un Servicio de Pediatría especializado, innovador y con estándares de calidad / Pediatrics Department of the Hospital of Basurto 1903-2015: from charity care to a department of specialized, innovating pediatrics with quality standards

El Servicio de Pediatría del Hospital de Basurto fue fundado en el año 1903 por lo que tiene una larga trayectoria histórica. Su evolución ha ido paralela con la del propio Hospital, un líder precursor de la formación médica especializada con la creación del cuerpo de alumnos internos de doctorado en el año 1918. El Servicio de Pediatría ha ido adaptándose en cada momento a las circunstancias históricas y los recursos disponibles. En el momento actual es el centro de referencia para la población infantil de la ciudad de Bilbao, tiene una amplia oferta de especialidades y tecnología, dispone de un sistema de gestión de la calidad basado en procesos asistenciales prevalentes. Está fuertemente orientado hacia el niño y la niña y sus familias, lo que es reconocido por éstas a través de los indicadores de percepción (AU)

Pediatrics Department of the Hospital Basurto was founded in 1903 by which has a long history. Its evolution has been parallel with the own Hospital, a pioneer leader of medical education specializing in 1918 with the creation of the internal PhD students body. Pediatrics service has been adapting constantly to historical circumstances and available resources. At the present time is the center of reference for the child population of the city of Bilbao, has a wide range of specialties and technology, it has a processes and indicators-based quality management system, and is immersed in innovative management projects such as the integrated care processes for prevalent conditions. It is strongly oriented towards the boys and girls and their families, what is recognized by them as the perception indicators demonstrate (AU)

Multiple lentigines in areas of resolving psoriatic plaques after ustekinumab therapy.

The development of lentigines in areas previously involved by psoriasis has been reported in the literature, classically related to phototherapy but also to topical products. More recently, some authors have described several cases of lentigines appearing in resolving psoriatic plaques during or after treatment with anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) drugs used to treat severe plaque psoriasis, including adalimumab, etanercept, and infliximab. We report the case of a patient that developed multiple lentigines after clearance of the plaques of psoriasis receiving treatment with ustekinumab for his psoriasis.

Radioprotección en radioyodoterapia para cáncer tiroideo / Radioprotection in radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer

Radioiodine therapy is a widely useful tool used in adjuvant treatment for differentiated thyroid cancer and has proven beneficial effect. Is crucial to safeguard and prevent caregivers, medical staff and the general public from the patients treated with I-131 in order to minimize radiation exposure and avoid unnecessary irradiation. There are many guidelines recomendations (ATA, EANM) that are helpful for the prevention, minimize of exposure and possible contamination from the patient. The aim of this study is to provide radiation protection measures used in radioiodine therapy order to avoid contamination of the patient and his environment...

Antibacterial and antimycobacterial lignans and flavonoids from Larrea tridentata.

Three lignans and four flavonoids were isolated and characterized from Larrea tridentata and compounds were tested against 16 bacterial species/strains. Results showed that: dihydroguaiaretic acid (1) had activity towards methicillin resistant (MR) Staphylococcus aureus (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 50 µg/mL) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MIC 12.5-50 µg/mL); 4-epi-larreatricin (2) was active against Enterobacter cloacae (MIC 12.5 µg/mL), as well as sensitive (MIC 50 µg/mL) and MDR strains of M. tuberculosis (MIC 25 µg/mL). 3'-Demethoxy-6-O-demethylisoguaiacin (3) displayed activity against sensitive and resistant S. aureus (MIC 25 µg/mL), Enterococcus faecalis (MIC 12.5 µg/mL), Escherichia coli (MIC 50 µg/mL), E. cloacae (MIC 12.5 µg/mL) and MDR strains of M. tuberculosis (MIC 12.5 µg/mL). 5,4'-Dihydroxy-3,7,8,3'-tetramethoxyflavone (4) and 5,4'-dihydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxyflavone (5) were active against M. tuberculosis MDR strains having MIC values of 25 and 25-50 µg/mL, respectively, while 5,4'-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone (6) was active against S. aureus (MIC 50 µg/mL) and E. faecalis (MIC 50 µg/mL). We concluded that lignan 3 is the main compound responsible for the antibacterial activity of L. tridentata. Lignans 1 and 2 as well as flavonoid 6 contribute with some degree of antibacterial activity. On the other hand, compounds 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 contributed to the antimycobacterial activity found in L. tridentata.

Plastidic isoprenoid biosynthesis in tomato: physiological and molecular analysis in genotypes resistant and sensitive to drought stress.

Isoprenoid compounds synthesised in the plastids are involved in plant response to water deficit. The functionality of the biosynthetic pathway of these compounds under drought stress has been analysed at the physiological and molecular levels in two related species of tomato (Solanum chilense and Solanum lycopersicum) that differ in their tolerance to abiotic challenge. Expression analysis of the genes encoding enzymes of these pathways (DXS, IPI, GGPPS, PSY1, NCED and HPT1) in plants at different RWC values shows significant differences for only GGPPS and HPT1, with higher expression in the tolerant S. chilense. Chlorophyll, carotenoids, α-tocopherol and ABA content was also determined in both species under different drought conditions. In agreement with HPT1 transcriptional activity, higher α-tocopherol content was observed in S. chilense than in S. lycopersicum, which correlates with a lower degree of lipoperoxidation in the former species. These results suggest that, in addition to lower stomatal conductance, α-tocopherol biosynthesis is part of the adaptation mechanisms of S. chilense to adverse environmental conditions.

ácidos grasos omega-3 (epa y dha) y su aplicación en diversas situaciones clínicas / Omega-3 fatty aciids (epa and dha) and its application in diverse clinical situations

Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 LCPUFA) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexae-noic acid (DHA) are found in significant amounts in fatty fish (tuna fish, mackerel and salmon) and especially in the oil obtained from these species, which is actually utilized as a nutritional supplement (nutraceutical). After ingestion, both EPA and DHA are rapidly incorporated into cellular membrane phospholipids where they can be released by lipooxygenases and cyclooxygenases enzymes and transformed in powerful bioactive products wich have cytoprotective and especially anti-inflammatory activities. Clinical and epidemiological evidence have firmly established that consumption ofEPA and DHA may contribute to the prevention and / or treatment of a number of diseases, especially those where inflammation plays a remarkable role in its development. EPA and DHA exhibit potent anti-inflammatory properties, either via the generation of anti-inflammatory products, such as the resol-vins, or by blocking inflammatory agents. In the present paper we review possible clinical applications of EPA and DHA in pathologies, such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis and ischemia - reperfusion injury. The evidence suggests that ω-3 LCPUFA may have promising applications in the prevention and / or treatment of different clinical and nutritional pathologies.

Los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de cadena larga omega-3 (AGPICL ω-3) como el ácido eicosapentaenoico (EPA) y docosahexaenoico (DHA) se encuentran en cantidades importantes en los pescados grasos (atún, jurel y salmón) y especialmente en el aceite obtenido de estas especies, el cual actualmente se utiliza como suplemento nutricional (nutracéutico). Tanto el EPA como el DHA, luego de ser ingeridos, se incorporan rápidamente a los fosfolípidos de las membranas celulares donde pueden ser liberados por enzimas lipooxigenasas y ciclooxigenasas, originando productos con potentes propiedades citoprotectoras y especialmente antiinflamatorias. La evidencia clínica y epidemiológica de múltiples estudios permite establecer que el consumo de EPA y DHA puede contribuir a la prevención y/o tratamiento de una serie de patologías, especialmente aquellas donde la inflamación juega un papel preponderante en su desarrollo. El EPA y el DHA presentan propiedades antiinflamatorias, vía la generación ya sea de agentes anti-inflamatorios, como las resolvinas, o a través del bloqueo de agentes pro-inflamatorios. En el presente artículo se presentan evidencias sobre las posibles aplicaciones clínicas de los AGPICL ω-3 en patologías tales como las enfermedades cardiovasculares, neurodegenerativas, cáncer, enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, artritis reumatoidea e injuria por isquemia - reperfusión. La evidencia sugiere que los AGPICL ω-3 pueden tener promisorias aplicaciones en el tratamiento y/o la prevención de diferentes patologías clínicas o nutricionales.

Vitamin D supplementation in CKD.

Vitamin D deficiency is common in chronic kidney disease and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In addition, vitamin D deficiency in renal disease is associated with serious comorbidities including secondary hyperparathyroidism and cardiovascular disease. Several therapeutic options are available to correct vitamin D deficiency, including nutritional vitamin D, pro-hormones and active hormones. In this review we discuss clinical findings related to the effectiveness of these therapies in chronic kidney disease.