[Development and technological transfer of functional pastas extended with legumes]. / Desarrollo y transferencia tecnológica de pastas funcionales extendidas con leguminosas.

Development and technological transfer of functional pastas extended with legumes. Semolina pasta is a highly consumed foodstuff, the biological value of which is low because its protein is deficient in lysine. However, if the semolina is extended with legumes rich in this essential aminoacid, not only and aminoacid supplementation is produced, but also the dietary fibre and minerals are increased. In this work, pastas extended in 10% with a white variety of Phaseolus vulgaris and with Cajanus cajan were produced on a pilot plant scale, and this technology was transferred to a cooperative producing artisanal pastas. The cooking qualities and the physical, chemical, and nutritional characteristics of the pastas were evaluated, as well as the sensorial acceptability in institutionalized elderly people. The extension of the pastas with legume flours increased the optimum cooking time (15 to 20%), the weight (20% and 25%), and the loss of solids by cooking. Similarly, the functional value of the pastas increased by increasing the contents of minerals and dietary fibre. The protein content, as well as the protein digestibility in vitro also increased; however, the parameters of colour L, a and b, and the total starch content of the pastas decreased. At consumer level, the pastas extended with legumes had a good acceptability, for what it was concluded that the extension of the semolina with legume flours in the manufacture of pastas is technologically feasible.

Desarrollo y transferencia tecnológica de pastas funcionales extendidas con leguminosas / Development and technological transfer of functional pastas extended with legumes

La pasta de sémola es un alimento altamente consumido, cuyo valor biológico es bajo porque su proteína es deficiente en lisina. Sin embargo, si se extiende la sémola con leguminosas ricas en este aminoácido esencial, no sólo se produce una complementación aminoacídica, sino que se incrementa el contenido de fibra dietética y de minerales. En este trabajo se produjeron a escala de planta piloto y se analizaron, pastas extendidas con 10 por ciento de Phaseolus vulgaris y Cajanus cajan. Se evaluó la calidad de cocción y las características físicas, químicas y nutricionales de las pastas, así como la aceptabilidad sensorial con ancianos institucionalizados. Posteriormente, se transfirió esta tecnología a una cooperativa productora de pastas artesanales. La extensión de las pastas con harina de leguminosas incrementó el tiempo óptimo de cocción de 15 a 20 por ciento, el peso entre 20 por ciento y 25 por ciento y las pérdidas de sólidos por cocción. El valor funcional de las pastas aumentó al incrementarse el contenido de minerales y de fibra dietética total. La proteína, así como la digestibilidad proteica in vitro también se incrementó, no obstante, disminuyeron los parámetros de color L, a y b y el contenido de almidón total. A nivel de consumidores las pastas extendidas tuvieron una buena aceptabilidad, por lo que se concluyó que es tecnológicamente factible la extensión de la sémola con harinas de leguminosas en la elaboración de pastas

Semolina pasta is a highly consumed foodstuff, the biological value of which is low because its protein is deficient in lysine. However, if the semolina is extended with legumes rich in this essential aminoacid, not only and aminoacid supplementation is produced, but also the dietary fibre and minerals are increased. In this work, pastas extended in 10 percent with a white variety of Phaseolus vulgaris and with Cajanus cajan were produced on a pilot plant scale, and this technology was transferred to a cooperative producing artisanal pastas. The cooking qualities and the physical, chemical, and nutritional characteristics of the pastas were evaluated, as well as the sensorial acceptability in institutionalized elderly people. The extension of the pastas with legume flours increased the optimum cooking time (15 to 20 percent), the weight (20 percent and 25 percent), and the loss of solids by cooking. Similarly, the functional value of the pastas increased by increasing the contents of minerals and dietary fibre. The protein content, as well as the protein digestibility in vitro also increased; however, the parameters of colour L, a and b, and the total starch content of the pastas decreased. At consumer level, the pastas extended with legumes had a good acceptability, for what it was concluded that the extension of the semolina with legume flours in the manufacture of pastas is technologically feasible

[Use of Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna sinensis in a fermented dairy drink]. / Uso de Phaseolus vulgaris y Vigna sinensis como extensores de una bebida láctea fermentada.

The objective of this work was to develop a new kind fermented dairy drink, partially substituted with clear varieties of Phaseolus vulgaris (caraota) and Vigna sinensis (frijol). The formulation of fermented dairy drinks included sterile extracts of caraota and frijol, as partial substitutes which replaced milk: 10, 20 and 30%. The mixtures were inoculated with 2% of a mixture of Lactobacillus acidophillus, Streptococcus thermophilus and Bifidobacterium sp. and were incubated at 42 degrees C for 7 hours. Mango and guava jams were used as flavorings at 20%. On the basis of the sensorial evaluation the mixtures 10% frijol-mango, 10% frijol-guava, 30% caraota-mango and 20% caraota-guava were selected. In the selected fermented dairy drinks, the levels of protein, soluble and insoluble fiber, available and resistant starches were increased and the protein digestibility was 81%. The technical feasibility of partial substitution of milk with extracts of Phaseolus vulgaris or Vigna sinensis. For the elaboration of a fermented dairy drink similar to the liquid yogurt kind was demonstrated.

Desarrollo y evaluación de un panqué enriquecido con harina de algodón / Development and evaluation of an enriched cake with cottonsedd meal

En Venezuela, los problemas nutricionales, específicamente la desnutrición caloricoproteica, se ha acentuado en los últimos años. Una posible solución lo constituye el enriquecimiento de alimentos con fuentes de proteínas, como las que contiene el residuo o torta de la extracción del aceite de las semillas de algodón. En este trabajo se caracterizaron las harinas de algodón obtenidas industrialmente y se utilizó hasta en un 15 por ciento en un panqué enriquecido, susceptible a ser utilizado en la merienda escolar. Se seleccionó el panqué de vainilla con 45 por ciento de harina de algodón debido a que la aceptabilidad a nivel de laboratorio fue de 97 por ciento. Se probó en una escuela con 1.009 niños de distintas edades, la aceptabilidad fue de 97 por ciento. Se concluyó que este producto, que suministra 395 Kcal y 13 g de proteínapor cada 100 g, podría ser utilizado para mejorar el aporte calóricoproteico de la merienda escolar