[Applications and challenges of wearable electroencephalogram signals in depression recognition and personalized music intervention].

Rapid and accurate identification and effective non-drug intervention are the worldwide challenges in the field of depression. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals contain rich quantitative markers of depression, but whole-brain EEG signals acquisition process is too complicated to be applied on a large-scale population. Based on the wearable frontal lobe EEG monitoring device developed by the authors' laboratory, this study discussed the application of wearable EEG signal in depression recognition and intervention. The technical principle of wearable EEG signals monitoring device and the commonly used wearable EEG devices were introduced. Key technologies for wearable EEG signals-based depression recognition and the existing technical limitations were reviewed and discussed. Finally, a closed-loop brain-computer music interface system for personalized depression intervention was proposed, and the technical challenges were further discussed. This review paper may contribute to the transformation of relevant theories and technologies from basic research to application, and further advance the process of depression screening and personalized intervention.

Automated evaluation of tumor spheroid behavior in 3D culture using deep learning-based recognition.

Three-dimensional in vitro tumor models provide more physiologically relevant responses to drugs than 2D models, but the lack of proper evaluation indices and the laborious quantitation of tumor behavior in 3D have limited the use of 3D tumor models in large-scale preclinical drug screening. Here we propose two indices of 3D tumor invasiveness-the excess perimeter index (EPI) and the multiscale entropy index (MSEI)-and combine these indices with a new convolutional neural network-based algorithm for tumor spheroid boundary detection. This new algorithm for 3D tumor boundary detection and invasiveness analysis is more accurate than any other existing algorithms. We apply this spheroid monitoring and AI-based recognition technique ("SMART") to evaluating the invasiveness of tumor spheroids grown from tumor cell lines and from primary tumor cells in 3D culture.

Cells Cultured on Core-Shell Photonic Crystal Barcodes for Drug Screening.

The development of effective drug screening platforms is an important task for biomedical engineering. Here, a novel methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) hydrogel-encapsulated core-shell photonic crystal (PhC) barcode particle was developed for three-dimensional cell aggregation culture and drug screening. The GelMA shells of the barcode particles enable creation of a three-dimensional extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment for cell adhesion and growth, while the PhC cores of the barcode particles provide stable diffraction peaks that can encode different cell spheroids during culture and distinguish their biological response during drug testing. The applicability of this cell spheroids-on-barcodes platform was investigated by testing the cytotoxic effect of tegafur (TF), a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), on barcode particle-loaded liver HepG2 and HCT-116 colonic tumor cell spheroids. The cytotoxicity of TF against the HCT-116 tumor cell spheroids was enhanced in systems using cocultures of HepG2 and NIH-3T3 cells, indicating the effectiveness of this multiple cell spheroids-on-barcodes platform for drug screening.

Patterned Photonic Nitrocellulose for Pseudo-Paper Microfluidics.

We report a pseudo-paper microfluidic chip based on patterned photonic nitrocellulose. The photonic nitrocellulose is fabricated using self-assembled monodisperse SiO2 nanoparticles as template. The SiO2 nanoparticles form a photonic crystal having a close-packed hexagonal structure in the microchannels, so the resulting nitrocellulose has a complementary inverse-opal structure. After lamination, a hollow channel is obtained that is partially filled with the photonic nitrocellulose. Owing to the highly ordered photonic structure of the pseudo-paper chip, the flow profile of aqueous solution wicking through the channel is more uniform than conventional paper microfluidic chip. It is also found that the wicking rate of aqueous solution can be easily manipulated by changing the diameter of the self-assembled monodisperse SiO2 nanoparticles, which determines the pore size of the photonic nitrocellulose. The fluorescent enhancement property of the photonic nitrocellulose is used to increase the fluorescent intensity for multiplex detection of two cancer biomarkers. Label-free detection of human immunoglobin G based on the structure color of the photonic nitrocellulose is also demonstrated.

Analysis of phthalate migration from plastic containers to packaged cooking oil and mineral water.

The migration of phthalates (PAEs), a class of typical environmental estrogen contaminants in food, from food packaging to packaged food attracts more and more attention worldwide. Many factors will affect the migration processes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate PAE migration from plastic containers to cooking oil and mineral water packed in authentic commercial packaging and stored under various conditions (different storage temperatures, contact times, and storage states (static or dynamic state)) and to identify a potential relationship between the amount and type of PAEs migrated and the lipophilic character of the food matrix. The samples were analyzed by a novel method of liquid chromatography combined with solid-phase extraction by an electrospun nylon 6 nanofibers mat, with PAE detection limits of 0.001 µg/L in mineral water and 0.020 µg/L in cooking oil, respectively. The results demonstrated that the cooking oil was a more suitable medium for the migration of PAEs from packages into foodstuffs than mineral water. Scilicet, the migration potential of the PAEs into foodstuffs, depends on the lipophilic characteristics of the food matrix. The results also demonstrated that migrations were more significant at higher temperature, longer contact time, and higher dynamic frequency; thus, the migration tests should be evaluated with consideration of different storage temperatures and contact times. Mathematical models with good logarithmic relationships were established to demonstrate the relationship between the PAE migration and food/packaging contact time for different storage temperatures. These established mathematical models would be expected to become a set of practical tools for the prediction of PAE migration.